Page last updated: 2024-10-24

arginine metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]

Arginine metabolic process is a fundamental pathway in cellular metabolism, encompassing the synthesis, degradation, and utilization of the amino acid arginine. Arginine is a key component of proteins, plays a crucial role in the urea cycle, and serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes.

**Arginine synthesis:**

* Arginine can be synthesized de novo from glutamate and aspartate through the urea cycle.
* Alternatively, it can be obtained from the diet or derived from the breakdown of proteins.

**Arginine degradation:**

* Arginine is catabolized primarily through the urea cycle, where it is converted to urea and ornithine.
* The urea cycle is essential for the detoxification of ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism.
* Arginine can also be degraded by arginase, producing ornithine and urea.

**Arginine utilization:**

* Arginine serves as a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
* NO is a potent signaling molecule involved in vasodilation, neurotransmission, immune response, and other physiological processes.
* Arginine is also a substrate for the synthesis of creatine, a molecule essential for muscle energy production.
* Additionally, arginine is involved in the synthesis of polyamines, which are essential for cell growth and proliferation.

**Regulation of arginine metabolism:**

* The activity of key enzymes involved in arginine metabolism, such as arginase and NOS, is regulated by various factors, including hormones, nutrients, and cellular signals.
* Arginine availability and demand also influence the rate of arginine metabolism.

**Clinical significance:**

* Deficiencies in arginine metabolism can lead to various health issues, including urea cycle disorders, hyperammonemia, and nitric oxide deficiency.
* Arginine supplementation has been explored for its potential therapeutic benefits in conditions such as cardiovascular disease, erectile dysfunction, and wound healing.

**In summary, arginine metabolic process is a complex and essential pathway that plays a vital role in cellular function, protein metabolism, detoxification, and signal transduction. It is tightly regulated and dysregulation of this pathway can have significant health consequences.**'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1An N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O94760]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (18)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
lansoprazoleLansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
omeprazole5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.

omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.

Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.
aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
pantoprazolepantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.

Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.
aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
rabeprazoleRabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
citrullinecitrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-ethylbenzimidazole
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one: a preservative in water-based solutions such as paints, cutting fluids, printing inks, cleaning agents, polyvinyl chloride gloves, etc.

benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one : An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
disinfectant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sensitiser;
xenobiotic
homocysteinehomocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.

Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.

L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid
fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
s-methylthiocitrullineS-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.

S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source
imidothiocarbamic ester;
L-arginine derivative;
L-ornithine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
n(g)-iminoethylornithineL-alpha-amino acid
n,n-dimethylarginineN,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine

N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.
dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
omega-n-methylarginineN(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.

omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.
amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
delta-n-methylarginineN(5)-methyl-L-arginine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-arginine substituted by a methyl group at N(5)-position.guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
nitroarginineN(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.

Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
vinyl-l-nio
tenatoprazoleTenatoprazole: structure in first sourceimidazopyridine
pd 404182
omega-n-allylarginineomega-N-allylarginine: inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; structure given in first source