arginine metabolic process
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]
Arginine metabolic process is a fundamental pathway in cellular metabolism, encompassing the synthesis, degradation, and utilization of the amino acid arginine. Arginine is a key component of proteins, plays a crucial role in the urea cycle, and serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes.
**Arginine synthesis:**
* Arginine can be synthesized de novo from glutamate and aspartate through the urea cycle.
* Alternatively, it can be obtained from the diet or derived from the breakdown of proteins.
**Arginine degradation:**
* Arginine is catabolized primarily through the urea cycle, where it is converted to urea and ornithine.
* The urea cycle is essential for the detoxification of ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism.
* Arginine can also be degraded by arginase, producing ornithine and urea.
**Arginine utilization:**
* Arginine serves as a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
* NO is a potent signaling molecule involved in vasodilation, neurotransmission, immune response, and other physiological processes.
* Arginine is also a substrate for the synthesis of creatine, a molecule essential for muscle energy production.
* Additionally, arginine is involved in the synthesis of polyamines, which are essential for cell growth and proliferation.
**Regulation of arginine metabolism:**
* The activity of key enzymes involved in arginine metabolism, such as arginase and NOS, is regulated by various factors, including hormones, nutrients, and cellular signals.
* Arginine availability and demand also influence the rate of arginine metabolism.
**Clinical significance:**
* Deficiencies in arginine metabolism can lead to various health issues, including urea cycle disorders, hyperammonemia, and nitric oxide deficiency.
* Arginine supplementation has been explored for its potential therapeutic benefits in conditions such as cardiovascular disease, erectile dysfunction, and wound healing.
**In summary, arginine metabolic process is a complex and essential pathway that plays a vital role in cellular function, protein metabolism, detoxification, and signal transduction. It is tightly regulated and dysregulation of this pathway can have significant health consequences.**'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 | An N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O94760] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (18)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| lansoprazole | Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| omeprazole | 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole. Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| pantoprazole | pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2. Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER. | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| rabeprazole | Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| citrulline | citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. | amino acid zwitterion; citrulline | Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-ethylbenzimidazole | |||
| 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one | 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one: a preservative in water-based solutions such as paints, cutting fluids, printing inks, cleaning agents, polyvinyl chloride gloves, etc. benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one : An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion. | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | disinfectant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sensitiser; xenobiotic |
| homocysteine | homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain. Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| s-methylthiocitrulline | S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group. S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source | imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| n(g)-iminoethylornithine | L-alpha-amino acid | ||
| n,n-dimethylarginine | N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group. | dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| omega-n-methylarginine | N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase. | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| delta-n-methylarginine | N(5)-methyl-L-arginine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-arginine substituted by a methyl group at N(5)-position. | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| nitroarginine | N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group. Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6) | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| vinyl-l-nio | |||
| tenatoprazole | Tenatoprazole: structure in first source | imidazopyridine | |
| pd 404182 | |||
| omega-n-allylarginine | omega-N-allylarginine: inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; structure given in first source |