regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. [GOC:obol]
The regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity is a complex and vital process essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, nerve impulse transmission, and overall organismal function. It involves a delicate interplay of various factors, including:
1. **Membrane Potential:** Sodium ion (Na+) transporters are sensitive to the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane. Changes in membrane potential can alter the driving force for Na+ movement, influencing transporter activity.
2. **Ligand Binding:** Specific ligands, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, can bind to receptors associated with Na+ transporters, triggering conformational changes that activate or inhibit their activity. This mechanism is crucial for regulating sodium transport in response to external signals.
3. **Phosphorylation:** Phosphorylation of Na+ transporters by protein kinases can modulate their activity. This post-translational modification can either activate or inhibit transporter function depending on the specific kinase involved and the phosphorylation site.
4. **Cellular Localization:** The subcellular location of Na+ transporters can influence their activity. For example, the trafficking of transporters to or from the cell membrane can alter their availability for transport.
5. **Interaction with Other Proteins:** Na+ transporters can interact with other proteins, such as scaffold proteins or regulatory subunits, which can influence their activity. These interactions can fine-tune transport activity and provide additional layers of control.
6. **Temperature:** Temperature variations can influence the kinetics of Na+ transport. Increased temperature generally leads to faster transport rates, while lower temperatures can slow down the process.
7. **pH:** Changes in intracellular or extracellular pH can impact the activity of Na+ transporters. Some transporters are sensitive to pH gradients, and alterations in pH can affect their function.
8. **Post-Translational Modifications:** Besides phosphorylation, other post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation or ubiquitination, can also influence the activity and stability of Na+ transporters.
9. **Genetic Regulation:** The expression levels of Na+ transporter genes are subject to regulation by various transcription factors and signaling pathways. This control ensures that the appropriate levels of transporters are present in different cell types and tissues.
10. **Disease States:** Dysregulation of Na+ transporter activity is implicated in various diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and neurological disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of Na+ transporter regulation is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
Overall, the regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity is a complex and multifaceted process involving multiple cellular mechanisms. It is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, regulating cell volume, nerve impulse transmission, and ensuring normal physiological function. Dysregulation of this process can lead to various disease states, highlighting its importance for human health.'
"
Proteins (3)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma | A sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P54710] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| 14-3-3 protein eta | A 14-3-3 protein eta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q04917] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Utrophin | A utrophin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P46939] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (15)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| lansoprazole | Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| omeprazole | 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole. Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| pantoprazole | pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2. Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER. | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| rostafuroxin | rostafuroxin: structure in first source | ||
| arsenic trioxide | |||
| ouabain | cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE. | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| digitoxin | digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665) | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| digoxin | digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666) | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| digitoxigenin | digitoxigenin : A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22). Digitoxigenin: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin. | 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid | |
| phakellistatin 2 | phakellistatin 2: isolated from the marine sponge Phakellia carteri; structure in first source | ||
| digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside | digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside: RN given refers to (ribo-3beta,5beta)-isomer | ||
| evomonoside | evomonoside : A cardenolide glycoside consisting of digitoxigenin having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety attached at the O(3)-position. evomonoside: a cytotoxic cardiac glycoside from Lepidium apetalum; RN refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer | cardenolide glycoside | |
| r18 peptide | R18 peptide: a 20-mer peptide, derived from a phage library, that binds 14-3-3 tau protein; amino acid sequence in first source | ||
| halisulfate 1 | halisulfate 1: an isocitrate lyase inhibitor sesterterpene sulfate from sponge, Hippospongia sp.; structure in first source | organic molecular entity | metabolite |
| 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)benzo(d)oxazole | ezutromid: a utrophin upregulator; structure in first source |