histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me3. [PMID:18375658, RHEA:60260]
Histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity refers to the enzymatic process of adding three methyl groups to the lysine 4 residue of histone H3. This modification, known as H3K4me3, is a crucial epigenetic mark that plays a vital role in regulating gene expression.
Histone H3K4 trimethyltransferases, also called SET domain-containing proteins, are a family of enzymes that catalyze this methylation reaction. These enzymes are highly specific for histone H3 and recognize specific DNA sequences, enabling them to target specific genes for regulation.
The addition of three methyl groups to H3K4 is a complex multi-step process that requires several cofactors, including S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a methyl donor. SAM is a molecule that carries a methyl group and transfers it to the lysine residue on histone H3. This methylation event is reversible and can be removed by histone demethylases.
H3K4me3 is often associated with active gene transcription. This mark is typically found at the promoters and enhancers of actively transcribed genes, suggesting that it plays a role in recruiting transcription factors and facilitating the assembly of the transcriptional machinery.
The presence of H3K4me3 at gene promoters is a hallmark of active gene expression. It is often accompanied by other histone modifications, such as H3K36me3 and H3K27ac, creating a combinatorial code that fine-tunes gene expression.
In addition to its role in gene regulation, H3K4me3 has also been implicated in other cellular processes, such as DNA replication, DNA repair, and development. This modification has been shown to be important for maintaining genome stability and regulating cell fate decisions.
Overall, histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity is a fundamental process in cellular biology that contributes to the regulation of gene expression and other important cellular functions. It is a target for many studies in developmental biology, disease, and cancer research.'
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Proteins (6)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2B | A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| N-lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 | An N-lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NRG4] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SMYD3 | A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SMYD3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H7B4] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C | A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NEZ4] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A | A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q03164] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D | A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O14686] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (11)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| lansoprazole | Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| omeprazole | 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole. Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| rabeprazole | Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| scutellarein | scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7. scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein | tetrahydroxyflavone | metabolite |
| dexlansoprazole | Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. | benzimidazoles; sulfoxide | |
| az 505 | AZ 505: an SMYD2 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| 4-[4-(5,5-dimethyl-4H-thiazol-2-yl)-1-piperazinyl]-6-propylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine | N-arylpiperazine; thienopyrimidine | ||
| gsk343 | GSK343 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM). GSK343: an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor | aminopyridine; indazoles; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridone; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor |
| 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-n-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine | 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine: a SETD8 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| lly-507 | LLY-507 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-cyano-2'-{4-[2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}[biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-amine. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of SMYD2 and inhibits the ability of SMYD2 to methylate p53. It serves as a valuable chemical probe to aid in the dissection of SMYD2 function in cancer and other biological processes. LLY-507: inhibits methyltransferase SMYD2; structure in first source |