main axon

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites. [NIF_Subcellular:sao1596975044]

The main axon is the primary projection of a neuron, transmitting signals from the cell body to other neurons or target cells. Its cellular component is a complex structure composed of various specialized parts:

**Axoplasm:** The cytoplasm of the axon, containing essential components for axonal transport and signaling. It includes:
- **Neurofilaments:** Intermediate filaments that provide structural support and maintain the axon's diameter.
- **Microtubules:** Tubular structures responsible for transporting molecules and organelles along the axon.
- **Microfilaments:** Actin filaments involved in axonal growth and plasticity.
- **Mitochondria:** Powerhouses of the axon, providing energy for metabolic processes.
- **Enzymes and proteins:** Involved in various cellular functions, including signal transduction and neurotransmitter synthesis.
- **Neurotransmitters:** Chemical messengers stored in synaptic vesicles, released at the synapse to communicate with target cells.

**Axolemma:** The plasma membrane surrounding the axon, responsible for maintaining the axon's integrity and controlling the movement of substances into and out of the axon.

**Myelin Sheath:** In many axons, a fatty insulating layer formed by glial cells (Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system). This sheath helps to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses.

**Nodes of Ranvier:** Gaps in the myelin sheath where the axolemma is exposed, allowing for the rapid propagation of action potentials.

**Axon Terminal:** The specialized end of the axon where it makes contact with other neurons or target cells. It contains synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and other molecules involved in synaptic transmission.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (18)