4-(hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

Description

4-(hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, also known as paracetamol or acetaminophen, is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic medication. It is synthesized through a multi-step process involving the reaction of p-aminophenol with acetic anhydride. Paracetamol exerts its analgesic effects by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are inflammatory mediators, in the central nervous system. It is also believed to have antipyretic effects by acting on the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates body temperature. Paracetamol is highly effective in relieving mild to moderate pain, including headaches, muscle aches, and menstrual cramps. It is also commonly used to reduce fever. Due to its widespread use, its safety and efficacy have been extensively studied. While generally considered safe when used as directed, paracetamol can be toxic in high doses or with prolonged use. Its metabolism involves the formation of a reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which can cause liver damage if not detoxified by glutathione. Research continues to explore its mechanisms of action, potential interactions with other drugs, and its long-term effects on health.'

4-(hydroxyphenyl)acetamide: structure given in first source; an impurity found in the HPLC assay for atenolol; do not confuse with acetaminophen [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]