Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Microstomia

A congenital defect in which the mouth is unusually small. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Microstomia

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Microstomia is defined as an abnormal small oral orifice."( Aydintug, YS; Gulses, A; Karacayli, U; Koymen, R, 2009)
"Microstomia is a term used to describe a small oral aperture."( Hashimoto, T; Kamei, Y; Sato, H; Sawada, M; Takama, H; Takanari, K; Toriyama, K; Yagi, S, 2014)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"The objectives of surgical treatment for microstomia due to cicatricial contracture after burn are to obtain sufficient oral aperture, while maintaining sphincter function of the orbicularis oris muscle, and to secure favorable function for eating and conversation in addition to good oral health."( Koitabashi, A; Makiguchi, T; Miyazaki, H; Ogawa, M; Terashi, H; Yokoo, S, 2014)
"This article describes the treatment of microstomia and the hypertrophic scarring of the perioral tissue using a novel static commissural splint with customizable components in conjunction with intralesional injections of triamcinolone."( Gupta, SH; Kumar, S; Panda, BP; Sachdeva, A; Viswambaran, M, 2018)

Research

Studies (68)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199025 (36.76)23.3326
1990's11 (16.18)12.5806
2000's14 (20.59)18.1394
2010's14 (20.59)28.8240
2020's4 (5.88)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
lactic acid0low10
nitrous oxide0low10
ketamine0low10
apnea0low10
sevoflurane0low20
isoprene0low10
sodium hydroxide0low50
platinum0low10
calcium sulfate0medium21
triamcinolone0low10
tridemorph0low10
propiconazole0low30
inositol 3-phosphate0low410
retinol0low10
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low60
jaw0low10
hyaluronoglucosaminidase0low30

Protein Targets (171)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
thioredoxin reductase4004
ATAD5 protein, partial3003
TDP1 protein4004
Microtubule-associated protein tau2002
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha7007
arylsulfatase A2002
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 23003
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
lamin isoform A-delta105005
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
interleukin 82002
AR protein6006
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A12002
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]5005
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 14004
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha7007
aryl hydrocarbon receptor2002
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a5005
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a2002
Integrin beta-32002
Integrin alpha-IIb2002
Chymotrypsinogen A0101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase1001
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE1001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 42002
pregnane X nuclear receptor4004
chromobox protein homolog 14004
geminin4004
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Bile salt export pump0101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0202
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Cholinesterase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0202
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0202
acetylcholinesterase2002
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma5005
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
cytochrome P450 2D61001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)1001
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase1001
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
GALC protein1001
GLI family zinc finger 34004
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma4004
IDH11001
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 14004
Vpr1001
peripheral myelin protein 222002
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Cellular tumor antigen p533003
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
Spike glycoprotein2002
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
pregnane X receptor2002
phosphopantetheinyl transferase2002
SMAD family member 23003
SMAD family member 33003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 32002
progesterone receptor2002
nonstructural protein 11001
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha3003
farnesoid X nuclear receptor1001
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta2002
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a1001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 22002
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 12002
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit1001
Cytochrome P450 3A40101
Glutamate receptor 21001
Histamine H2 receptor1001
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
Ataxin-22002
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
USP1 protein, partial2002
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
heat shock protein beta-12002
mitogen-activated protein kinase 11001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2103
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62103
Alpha-synuclein0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22103
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
GABA theta subunit2103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2103
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20001
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Chain A, HADH2 protein1001
Chain B, HADH2 protein1001
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
Smad31001
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproprotein0101
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Interferon beta1001
Glucocorticoid receptor0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0101
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Delta0101
Cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase0101
activating transcription factor 61001
Sterol-8,7-isomerase0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
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