olanzapine and perospirone

Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Dibenzothiazepines; Dopamine Antagonists; Humans; Indoles; Isoindoles; Olanzapine; Pirenzepine; Quetiapine Fumarate; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Serotonin; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Serotonin Antagonists; Thiazoles

The objective of this study, the effect of aripiprazole on clinical symptoms and cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia was compared to that of perospirone and olanzapine. The subjects were 31 patients, they were diagnosed with schizophrenia on the basis of the criteria of the DSM-IV. Clinical symptoms were assessed using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and cognitive function was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Keio Version: KWCST) and the St. Marianna University School of Medicine's Computerized Memory Test (STM-COMET) as executive function and memory/attention function tests at baseline and 8 weeks after switching. As a result, comparison of the BPRS mean total score revealed no significant difference between aripiprazole and the other medications. Aripiprazole resulted in significant changes in the number of categories achieved (CA) and difficulty maintaining set (DMS) compared to olanzapine at the second level of the KWCST. Comparison thus revealed no difference in clinical effect between aripiprazole and the other medications, but might suggest possible differences between aripiprazole and olanzapine in the profiles of the improvement effects on executive function, memory, and attention function.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Attention; Benzodiazepines; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Substitution; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Isoindoles; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Olanzapine; Piperazines; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Quinolones; Schizophrenia; Single-Blind Method; Thiazoles; Time Factors; Verbal Learning

Both psychotropic drugs and mental disorders have typical signatures in quantitative electroencephalography (EEG). Previous studies found that some psychotropic drugs had EEG effects opposite to the EEG effects of the mental disorders treated with these drugs (key-lock principle).. We performed a placebo-controlled pharmaco-EEG study on two conventional antipsychotics (chlorpromazine and haloperidol) and four atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, perospirone, quetiapine, and risperidone) in healthy volunteers. We investigated differences between conventional and atypical drug effects and whether the drug effects were compatible with the key-lock principle.. Fourteen subjects underwent seven EEG recording sessions, one for each drug (dosage equivalent of 1 mg haloperidol). In a time-domain analysis, we quantified the EEG by identifying clusters of transiently stable EEG topographies (microstates). Frequency-domain analysis used absolute power across electrodes and the location of the center of gravity (centroid) of the spatial distribution of power in different frequency bands.. Perospirone increased duration of a microstate class typically shortened in schizophrenics. Haloperidol increased mean microstate duration of all classes, increased alpha 1 and beta 1 power, and tended to shift the beta 1 centroid posterior. Quetiapine decreased alpha 1 power and shifted the centroid anterior in both alpha bands. Olanzapine shifted the centroid anterior in alpha 2 and beta 1.. The increased microstate duration under perospirone and haloperidol was opposite to effects previously reported in schizophrenic patients, suggesting a key-lock mechanism. The opposite centroid changes induced by olanzapine and quetiapine compared to haloperidol might characterize the difference between conventional and atypical antipsychotics.

Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Cross-Over Studies; Dibenzothiazepines; Electroencephalography; Fourier Analysis; Haloperidol; Humans; Indoles; Isoindoles; Male; Olanzapine; Quetiapine Fumarate; Reference Values; Risperidone; Single-Blind Method; Thiazoles; Time Factors

The authors investigated the influence of aging on the improvement of subjective sleep quality by atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia.. Subjects were 86 inpatients (mean age: 61.4 years) who had been receiving treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs and who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Their antipsychotic medication was changed from conventional antipsychotics to one of four atypical antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine, perospirone, quetiapine, or risperidone). Patients were grouped by age (older or younger than 65 years). Subjective sleep quality and psychopathology were assessed twice: 1) at baseline, and 2) 8 weeks after switching to the atypical antipsychotic drugs. Subjective sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to measure psychopathology.. The proportion of the patients who experienced improved subjective sleep quality was significantly higher in the elderly than in the middle-aged group. Logistic-regression analysis revealed that the improvement in subjective sleep quality through administration of atypical antipsychotic drugs was predicted by increased age, daytime dysfunction, and longer sleep latency at baseline.. These results demonstrate that atypical antipsychotic drugs are beneficial to the quality of sleep in elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Dibenzothiazepines; Female; Humans; Indoles; Isoindoles; Male; Middle Aged; Olanzapine; Polysomnography; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Quetiapine Fumarate; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Stages; Thiazoles

To investigate the effects of the atypical antipsychotic drugs risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and perospirone on the subjective quality of sleep in patients with schizophrenia.. Subjects were 92 inpatients (mean age = 59.9 years) who had been receiving treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs and who met the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 atypical antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine, perospirone, quetiapine, and risperidone). Subjective sleep quality and psychopathology were assessed twice: at baseline and 8 weeks after switching. Data were collected from June 2001 to December 2001. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and psychopathology was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).. Subjective sleep quality as assessed by the PSQI was significantly improved with administration of olanzapine, risperidone, or quetiapine, but not with perospirone, in comparison with conventional antipsychotic drugs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the improvement of sleep quality with administration of atypical antipsychotic drugs was predicted by poor sleep quality at baseline. In addition, improvement of sleep quality was significantly correlated with improvement of negative symptoms as assessed by the PANSS.. These results demonstrated that atypical antipsychotic drugs improved subjective quality of sleep in patients with schizophrenia compared with conventional antipsychotic drugs, suggesting that the marked potency of serotonin-2 receptor blockade in atypical antipsychotic drugs may be involved in the mechanism of this improvement. These improvements were correlated with improvement of negative symptoms.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Dibenzothiazepines; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Health Status; Hospitalization; Humans; Indoles; Isoindoles; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Olanzapine; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Quetiapine Fumarate; Regression Analysis; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep; Thiazoles

In the present study, we investigated the changes in P3 component in the emotionally charged visual event-related potentials (ERP) in 30 drug-naïve schizophrenic patients for up to 1 year.. Visual oddball event-related potential was recorded from six recording sites for crying baby or smiling baby photographs. ERP were recorded before the treatment (session 1 [S1]), after 3 months (session 2 [S2]), and after 12 months (session 3 [S3]), as well as in 30 healthy subjects.. Before taking medicine, there were no significant differences in the P300 amplitude between viewing photographs of a crying and a smiling baby. The P300 amplitude was significantly larger at S2 and S3 than at S1 for a crying baby, while there was no significant difference among sessions for a smiling baby after medication. A significant difference of the P300 amplitude was only observed between S3 and healthy subjects for a smiling baby. The P300 latency only when viewing a smiling face became significantly longer at S3 than those at S1 and S2. A significant negative correlation was obtained between the P300 amplitude changes upon viewing crying faces and negative syndrome score changes at the Pz site.. The P300 amplitude induced by crying-face stimuli may be a state marker and the P300 amplitude caused by smiling-face stimuli may be a trait marker during recovery in schizophrenic patients. Atypical antipsychotic medications may be useful and may recover cognitive function reflected by the emotionally charged visual P300 components in schizophrenic patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Case-Control Studies; Emotions; Event-Related Potentials, P300; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Isoindoles; Male; Olanzapine; Photic Stimulation; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Thiazoles

Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent consequence of treatment with some antipsychotic agents. Although prolactin secretion varies over the course of a day and during psychological circumstances, there is little information in the literature regarding the time dependence of the prolactin response to antipsychotics. We evaluated prolactin levels in schizophrenic patients receiving risperidone (3 mg twice daily), olanzapine (10 mg twice daily), or perospirone (16 mg twice daily) for at least 4 weeks. The subjects were compared to matched healthy controls. Plasma sample collection for quantification of drug and prolactin levels was conducted before and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after the morning dosing. Prolactin concentrations before dosing during risperidone treatment were significantly higher than during treatment with olanzapine and perospirone in females. The daily fluctuation of prolactin concentration after perospirone treatment was larger than that observed after risperidone and olanzapine treatments. Areas under the plasma concentration-time curves was greatest in subjects treated with risperidone, followed by perospirone and finally by olanzapine. These findings suggest that daily fluctuations in prolactin concentration after perospirone treatment are larger than following treatment with risperidone and olanzapine. The plasma concentration of prolactin during perospirone treatment therefore depends on the time of sampling.

Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Circadian Rhythm; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Isoindoles; Male; Middle Aged; Olanzapine; Prolactin; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Thiazoles; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) plays important roles in neural migration, synaptogenesis and CNS development. Change of N-CAM fragments in CSF of schizophrenic patients was reported previously, and we aimed to detect difference in circulating N-CAM in the serum of schizophrenic patients and healthy controls.. Samples were from 14 chronic schizophrenic patients including 3 drug naïve patients and 11 healthy controls. After removal of albumin and globulin, N-CAM fragments were measured by Western blot technique with monoclonal antibody.. N-CAM immunoreactive bands were detected primarily at 180, 140, 120, 75, 68 and 52 kDa. Samples from patients and controls showed similar patterns of bands, but schizophrenic patients showed increases or decreases at some bands intensity compared to healthy controls. The 68 kDa/73-75 kDa bands intensity ratio was substantially elevated in schizophrenic patients (0.262+/-0.14 in patients, 0.065+/-0.04 in controls) especially, the three drug naïve patients had a higher value of this ratio compared to the medicated patients. One drug naïve patient showed a decrease in this ratio after one month of antipsychotic medication.. The results suggest elevated membrane turnover and/or abnormalities in the regulation of proteolysis of N-CAM in schizophrenia.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Blotting, Western; Chronic Disease; Dibenzothiazepines; Female; Humans; Indoles; Isoindoles; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Weight; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; Olanzapine; Protein Isoforms; Quetiapine Fumarate; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Thiazoles

"Premonitory symptoms and signs" before the full-blown stage of schizophrenia are recognized as abnormal expressions (signs) and symptoms of "early schizophrenia", as described by Nakayasu (1990). The following conclusions were derived from my examination of the effects of atypical antipsychotics on six patients suffering from 'the premonitory symptoms and signs' in 'the premonitory state of schizophrenia'. 1) Even though hyperventilation, fatigue and a depressive state existed in the foreground at the first medical examination, we suspected 'the premonitory state of schizophrenia', and investigated symptoms of 'early schizophrenia' as described by Nakayasu, in cases in which abnormal expressions such as stiff facial expression and specific tense and perplexed attitude were observed. 2) In cases in which 'the premonitory symptoms and signs' were observed, we introduced treatment with atypical antipsychotics as soon as possible. Hyperventilation and a depressive state, which were considered to be induced by 'the premonitory state of schizophrenia', disappeared as a result of the improvement of 'the premonitory symptoms and signs' by the atypical antipsychotics. 3) Risperidone, perospirone, and olanzapine were effective for so-called "positive early symptoms". Risperidone, which is expected to have an acute effect, was effective in cases in which early intervention was necessary. When a depressive state was secondarily induced by risperidone, a change to perospirone was useful. Furthermore, when risperidone and perospirone were not sufficiently effective, olanzapine improved 'the premonitory symptoms and signs'. 4) In cases in which so-called "negative early symptoms" and a decrease in the energy-potential, such as emotional blunting, were observed, olanzapine induced improvement. 5) In 'the premonitory state of schizophrenia', treatment with atypical antipsychotics should be maintained, for both the improvement of 'the premonitory symptoms and signs' and the prevention of progression to the full-blown stage. The dose and duration of the treatment with antipsychotics should be carefully modified, with consideration for the specificity of the life cycle and life events for each patient. In conclusion, treatment with atypical antipsychotics was useful for both the improvement of 'the premonitory symptoms and signs of schizophrenia' and the prevention of the development of pathogenesis.

Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Female; Humans; Indoles; Isoindoles; Male; Middle Aged; Olanzapine; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Thiazoles

The effects of 3-week treatment with a typical antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine and three atypical antipsychotic drugs (risperidone, olanzapine and perospirone) on the binding to dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors were examined in the rat stratum and frontal cortex, respectively. Subchronic treatment with chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg) and perospirone (1 mg/kg) significantly increased D2 receptors, while no increase was observed with lower dose of chlorpromazine (5 mg/kg), perospirone (0.1 mg/kg), risperidone (0.25, 0.5 mg/kg) or olanzapine (1, 2 mg/kg). On the other hand, 3-week administration of chlorpromazine (5, 10 mg/kg) and olanzapine (1, 2 mg/kg) significantly decreased 5-HT2A receptors, but risperidone (0.25, 0.5 mg/kg) or perospirone (0.1, 1 mg/kg) had no effect. The measurement of in vivo drug occupation for D2 and 5-HT2A receptors using N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) suggested that high occupation of 5-HT2A receptors with lower D2 receptor occupancy might be involved in the absence of up-regulation of D2 receptors after subchronic treatment with some atypical antipsychotic drugs.

Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Brain Chemistry; Chlorpromazine; Dopamine Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Indoles; Isoindoles; Male; Olanzapine; Pirenzepine; Protein Binding; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Serotonin; Risperidone; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Thiazoles