olanzapine and thymoquinone

Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic agent for psychotic disorders. Evidence has shown that OLZ is related to metabolic side effects, including obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the principal bioactive component of Nigella sativa. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of TQ in alleviating metabolic abnormalities. In the current research work, the protective effects of TQ on metabolic disorders induced by OLZ and possible underlying mechanisms were investigated.. Wistar rats were exposed to TQ alone (10 mg/kg), OLZ (5 mg/kg), or OLZ plus TQ (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg) given daily by intraperitoneal injection. After the treatment, variations in body weight, food intake, systolic blood pressure, serum leptin, biochemical factors, liver malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) content were evaluated. Protein expression of AMPK in the liver was also measured by a western blotting test. OLZ increased body weight, food intake, MDA levels, and blood pressure. OLZ also elevated glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and leptin serum levels. It decreased GSH. In the western blot, decreased AMPK protein level was obtained. These changes were attenuated by TQ co-administration.. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of TQ on OLZ-induced metabolic abnormalities related to its antioxidant activity and regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism.

Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Benzoquinones; Glucose; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Obesity; Olanzapine; Rats; Rats, Wistar

The aim of the study was to investigate the possible protective qualities of thymoquinone (TQ) against the side-effects of olanzapine (OLZ) in an experimental model in rat liver with histologic and biochemical assessments.. Experimental procedures were performed on 35 female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups as: group 1: control; group 2: OLZ; group 3: OLZ+TQ-1; group 4: OLZ+TQ-2; and group 5: OLZ+TQ-3.. The results showed that a 2‑week administration of OLZ (4 mg/kg, once a day for the first week, 8 mg/kg once a day for the second week, p.o.) and treatment with TQ (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, once daily, p.o.) significantly reduced weight gain induced by OLZ. In addition, TQ increased the total antioxidant status (TAS), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), insulin levels and decreased serum oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), glucose, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (CH) levels significantly (p < 0.05).. This study revealed that treatment with TQ might protect liver tissue against the side-effects of OLZ. TQ could be an effective course of therapy to enhance therapeutic efficacy (Tab. 4, Fig. 4, Ref. 47).

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Benzodiazepines; Benzoquinones; Blood Glucose; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Liver; Olanzapine; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Triglycerides