Page last updated: 2024-11-05

ethyl maltol

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Occurs in Manufacturing Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Ethyl maltol, also known as 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone, is a naturally occurring organic compound that is primarily responsible for the sweet and fruity flavor of certain foods, such as strawberries and raspberries. It is widely used as a flavor enhancer and is often described as having a caramel-like, cotton candy, and/or fruity aroma. It can be synthesized from a variety of sources, including sugars and starch. Ethyl maltol is used in various industries, including food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Research on ethyl maltol has focused on its potential to enhance flavor, improve shelf life, and act as an antioxidant in foods. It is also being explored as a potential therapeutic agent for its effects on various biological processes, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and cancer. '

ethyl maltol: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID21059
CHEMBL ID121557
CHEBI ID169105
SCHEMBL ID41817
MeSH IDM0148780

Synonyms (75)

Synonym
2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one
CHEBI:169105
nsc638851
nsc-638851
3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone
3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone11/8/40
2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-pyran-4-one
2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4h-pyran-4-one
fema no. 3487
3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-gamma-pyrone
2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone
veltol plus
4h-pyran-4-one, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-
3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-1,4-pyrone
2-ethylpyromeconic acid
brn 1618110
2-ethyl pyromeconic acid
einecs 225-582-5
ethyl maltol
3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4h-pyran-4-one
4940-11-8
ethyl maltol, >=99%, fcc, fg
2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4h-pyran-4-one, 99%
e637
CHEMBL121557
H0550
NCGC00248174-01
cas-4940-11-8
dtxsid5041516 ,
NCGC00254704-01
tox21_300800
dtxcid3021516
C20362
2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-pyran-4-one;2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4h-pyran-4-one
A827709
5-18-01-00135 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-l6q8k29l05
l6q8k29l05 ,
ethyl maltol [nf]
BP-12441
FT-0612242
ins no.637
ethyl hydroxypyrone
ethyl maltol [mi]
ethyl maltol [fhfi]
ethyl maltol [fcc]
ethyl maltol [usp-rs]
e-637
ethyl maltol [ii]
ethyl maltol [vandf]
ins-637
ethyl hydroxypyrone [inci]
ethyl maltol [mart.]
ethylmaltol
AKOS015915123
S6335
SCHEMBL41817
3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-.gamma.-pyrone
Q-201087
ethyl maltol, analytical standard
mfcd00059795
ethyl maltol, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
ethyl maltol, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-laquo gammaraquo -pyrone
fema 3487
maltol-ethyl
AS-13959
STL559005
Q930843
BBL036457
H10673
CS-W011036
HY-W010320
EN300-99262
Z1255465165

Research Excerpts

Overview

Ethyl maltol (EM) is a flavoring agent commonly used in foods that falls under the generally recognized as safe category.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ethyl maltol (EM) is a flavoring agent commonly used in foods that falls under the generally recognized as safe category. "( Ethyl maltol enhances copper mediated cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells.
Bressler, J; Durrani, K; El Din, SA; Rule, AM; Sun, Y, 2021
)
3.51

Toxicity

Ethyl maltol (EM) is a flavoring agent commonly used in foods that falls under the generally recognized as safe category. Four temporary consolidants were incubated with zebrafish embryos.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In the present study, four temporary consolidants, including cyclododecane, menthol, coumarin, and ethyl maltol, at different concentrations were incubated with zebrafish embryos, and their biological toxic effects were firstly evaluated."( Safety evaluation of the temporary consolidant based on a zebrafish embryo model.
Hu, Y; Zhang, BJ; Zhang, L; Zhang, XY, 2018
)
0.7
"Ethyl maltol (EM) is a flavoring agent commonly used in foods that falls under the generally recognized as safe category."( Ethyl maltol enhances copper mediated cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells.
Bressler, J; Durrani, K; El Din, SA; Rule, AM; Sun, Y, 2021
)
3.51

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" These bis-ligand oxovanadium(IV) (VOL(2)) compounds have a clear advantage over inorganic vanadyl sulfate in terms of bioavailability and pharmaceutical efficacy."( Vanadium treatment of type 2 diabetes: a view to the future.
LeBel, C; Lichter, J; McNeill, JH; Orvig, C; Scaife, MC; Thompson, KH, 2009
)
0.35
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (14 Items)

ItemProcessFrequency
Beveragescore-ingredient4
Sodascore-ingredient2
Carbonated drinkscore-ingredient2
Aloe Vera drinkscore-ingredient2
Artificially sweetened beveragescore-ingredient2
Fruit-based beveragescore-ingredient2
Plant-based beveragescore-ingredient2
Plant-based foods and beveragescore-ingredient2
Snackscore-ingredient1
Salted snackscore-ingredient1
Simple syrupscore-ingredient1
Syrupscore-ingredient1
Sweetenerscore-ingredient1
Cooking helperscore-ingredient1

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
pyranoneAny of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.76060.000221.22318,912.5098AID743036
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.22890.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259377
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.23000.000229.305416,493.5996AID743069; AID743075
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency57.71100.000627.21521,122.0200AID743219
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (13)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID566700Inhibition of human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase at 1 mM after 10 mins by fluorescence assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID566707Inhibition of mouse recombinant iNOS at 1 mM after 40 mins by colorimetric assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID24627Compound was tested for their chelating potential (free ligand) determined by distribution coefficient method.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 39, Issue:19
Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological evaluation of hydroxypyranones and hydroxypyridinones: novel bidentate ligands for cell-labeling.
AID566703Inhibition of human recombinant MMP2 at 1 mM after 30 mins2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID566699Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 1 mM after 10 mins2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID24628Compound was tested for their chelating potential with Indium-III complex determined by distribution coefficient method.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 39, Issue:19
Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological evaluation of hydroxypyranones and hydroxypyridinones: novel bidentate ligands for cell-labeling.
AID24630Compound was tested for their chelating potential with gallium-III complex determined by distribution coefficient method.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 39, Issue:19
Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological evaluation of hydroxypyranones and hydroxypyridinones: novel bidentate ligands for cell-labeling.
AID566702Inhibition of human recombinant MMP1 at 1 mM after 30 mins2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID566704Inhibition of human recombinant MMP3 at 1 mM after 30 mins2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID566701Inhibition of recombinant anthrax lethal factor at 1 mM after 30 mins by fluorescence assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID24629Compound was tested for their chelating potential with Iron-III complex determined by distribution coefficient method.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 39, Issue:19
Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological evaluation of hydroxypyranones and hydroxypyridinones: novel bidentate ligands for cell-labeling.
AID566706Inhibition of human recombinant MMP9 at 1 mM after 30 mins2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
AID566705Inhibition of human recombinant MMP8 at 1 mM after 30 mins2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (22)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19902 (9.09)18.7374
1990's7 (31.82)18.2507
2000's1 (4.55)29.6817
2010's8 (36.36)24.3611
2020's4 (18.18)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 63.59

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index63.59 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.14 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.74 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index100.55 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.01 (0.95)

This Compound (63.59)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (4.55%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other21 (95.45%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]