glutamine transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]

Glutamine transport is a critical process in cellular metabolism and plays a crucial role in various physiological functions. It involves the movement of glutamine, a non-essential amino acid, across cell membranes. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the human body and serves as a primary fuel source for rapidly dividing cells, such as those in the intestines, immune system, and brain. Glutamine transport is mediated by a family of membrane proteins called solute carrier family 1 members (SLC1A), which are highly expressed in the intestines, kidneys, brain, and other tissues. These transporters facilitate the movement of glutamine across cell membranes via facilitated diffusion or active transport mechanisms. In facilitated diffusion, glutamine moves down its concentration gradient without the requirement of energy. In active transport, glutamine is moved against its concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure. Several SLC1A members, such as SLC1A5 (ASCT2) and SLC1A6 (SNAT2), have been shown to mediate glutamine transport in various cell types. ASCT2 is a sodium-dependent transporter that facilitates the uptake of glutamine into cells. SNAT2 is a sodium-independent transporter that is responsible for the efflux of glutamine from cells. The transport of glutamine is regulated by various factors, including the concentration of glutamine, the pH of the extracellular environment, and the presence of other amino acids. Glutamine transport is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, providing energy for cellular processes, and regulating cell signaling. Dysregulation of glutamine transport has been implicated in various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic disorders.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (8)