Page last updated: 2024-10-24

glutamine transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]

Glutamine transport is a critical process in cellular metabolism and plays a crucial role in various physiological functions. It involves the movement of glutamine, a non-essential amino acid, across cell membranes. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the human body and serves as a primary fuel source for rapidly dividing cells, such as those in the intestines, immune system, and brain. Glutamine transport is mediated by a family of membrane proteins called solute carrier family 1 members (SLC1A), which are highly expressed in the intestines, kidneys, brain, and other tissues. These transporters facilitate the movement of glutamine across cell membranes via facilitated diffusion or active transport mechanisms. In facilitated diffusion, glutamine moves down its concentration gradient without the requirement of energy. In active transport, glutamine is moved against its concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure. Several SLC1A members, such as SLC1A5 (ASCT2) and SLC1A6 (SNAT2), have been shown to mediate glutamine transport in various cell types. ASCT2 is a sodium-dependent transporter that facilitates the uptake of glutamine into cells. SNAT2 is a sodium-independent transporter that is responsible for the efflux of glutamine from cells. The transport of glutamine is regulated by various factors, including the concentration of glutamine, the pH of the extracellular environment, and the presence of other amino acids. Glutamine transport is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, providing energy for cellular processes, and regulating cell signaling. Dysregulation of glutamine transport has been implicated in various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic disorders.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)A neutral amino acid transporter B(0) that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15758]Homo sapiens (human)
Neutral amino acid transporter AA neutral amino acid transporter A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43007]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (8)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
hydroxyprolinehydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.

Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.
4-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
serineserine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.

Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion
algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glutamineglutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.

Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.
amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
asparagineasparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.

Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)
amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylglycine, (s)-isomerL-4-hydroxyphenylglycine : The L-enantiomer of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine.4-hydroxyphenylglycine
D-serineD-alpha-amino acid;
serine;
serine zwitterion
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilidegamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for glutaminase B.; RN given refers to (L)-isomer
prolineproline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.

Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.
amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid
algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite