L-glutamine import across plasma membrane
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of L-glutamine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [GO_REF:0000075, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23895341]
L-glutamine, a non-essential amino acid, is transported across the plasma membrane by a variety of membrane transporters. The most prominent system is the system N-type amino acid transporter, also known as SNAT2. SNAT2 is a sodium-dependent transporter, meaning it uses the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions to drive the uptake of L-glutamine. The transporter is a bidirectional transporter, meaning it can move L-glutamine in both directions across the membrane. The direction of L-glutamine transport is determined by the concentration gradient of L-glutamine across the membrane. In addition to SNAT2, other transporters such as LAT1 and ASCT2 can also transport L-glutamine, although their contribution to overall L-glutamine uptake is less than SNAT2. The transport of L-glutamine is essential for various cellular processes, including protein synthesis, energy production, and the synthesis of other amino acids. L-glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body, and its transport across the plasma membrane is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) | A neutral amino acid transporter B(0) that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15758] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (8)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| hydroxyproline | hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| serine | serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids. | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glutamine | glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration. | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| asparagine | asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed) | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 4-hydroxyphenylglycine, (s)-isomer | L-4-hydroxyphenylglycine : The L-enantiomer of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine. | 4-hydroxyphenylglycine | |
| D-serine | D-alpha-amino acid; serine; serine zwitterion | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist | |
| gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide | gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for glutaminase B.; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | ||
| proline | proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |