Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of L-serine into a cell. [GO_REF:0000075, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23895341]
L-serine import across the plasma membrane is a crucial process for cellular metabolism. L-serine, a non-essential amino acid, plays vital roles in various metabolic pathways, including protein synthesis, lipid biosynthesis, and one-carbon metabolism.
The import of L-serine into cells is primarily mediated by a family of membrane transporters known as the solute carrier family 6 (SLC6) transporters. These transporters are highly specific for L-serine and utilize a sodium-dependent cotransport mechanism.
The process begins with the binding of L-serine and sodium ions to the transporter protein on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. This binding event triggers a conformational change in the transporter, allowing the movement of both L-serine and sodium ions across the membrane. The driving force for this transport is the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions, which is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump.
As L-serine and sodium ions move into the cell, the transporter returns to its original conformation, ready for another round of transport. The energy required for L-serine import is ultimately derived from the hydrolysis of ATP by the sodium-potassium pump.
The regulation of L-serine import is complex and involves multiple factors, including the availability of L-serine in the extracellular environment, the activity of the sodium-potassium pump, and the expression levels of the transporter proteins.
The import of L-serine is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting various metabolic processes. Dysregulation of L-serine import has been implicated in several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic disorders.'
"
Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Neutral amino acid transporter A | A neutral amino acid transporter A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43007] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
hydroxyproline | hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
serine | serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids. | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
glutamine | glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration. | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
asparagine | asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed) | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
4-hydroxyphenylglycine, (s)-isomer | L-4-hydroxyphenylglycine : The L-enantiomer of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine. | 4-hydroxyphenylglycine | |
D-serine | D-alpha-amino acid; serine; serine zwitterion | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist | |
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide | gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for glutaminase B.; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | ||
proline | proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |