Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of L-cystine from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729]
L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity is a molecular function that involves the facilitated movement of L-cystine across cell membranes. L-cystine is an oxidized form of cysteine, an essential amino acid that plays a critical role in various biological processes, including protein synthesis, antioxidant defense, and redox regulation. L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity is crucial for maintaining cellular cysteine levels, which are essential for cell survival and function. This activity is mediated by specific proteins known as cystine transporters or cystine/glutamate exchangers. These transporters utilize a variety of mechanisms to facilitate L-cystine transport across the membrane, including coupled transport, where the movement of L-cystine is linked to the movement of another molecule, such as glutamate. The specific mechanism of transport can vary depending on the transporter protein and the cellular context. L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity is a critical process in many physiological systems. For example, it plays a vital role in the uptake of L-cystine from the bloodstream into various cells, including neurons, glial cells, and immune cells. It is also essential for the recycling of L-cystine within cells, ensuring a steady supply of cysteine for cellular processes. Dysregulation of L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity can contribute to a variety of diseases, including neurological disorders, cancer, and metabolic diseases.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
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Neutral amino acid transporter A | A neutral amino acid transporter A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43007] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Neutral amino acid transporter A | A neutral amino acid transporter A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43007] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
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hydroxyproline | hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
serine | serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids. | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
glutamine | glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration. | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
asparagine | asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed) | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
4-hydroxyphenylglycine, (s)-isomer | L-4-hydroxyphenylglycine : The L-enantiomer of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine. | 4-hydroxyphenylglycine | |
D-serine | D-alpha-amino acid; serine; serine zwitterion | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist | |
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide | gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for glutaminase B.; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | ||
proline | proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |