Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. [GOC:ai]
Positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse is a complex process that involves a series of events that increase the likelihood of a nerve impulse being transmitted from one neuron to another. This process is essential for normal nervous system function, as it allows for the rapid and efficient communication of information throughout the body.
The process begins with the arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic terminal of a neuron. This depolarization of the presynaptic membrane opens voltage-gated calcium channels, allowing calcium ions to flow into the presynaptic terminal. The influx of calcium triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters with the presynaptic membrane, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
The released neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target neuron. This binding can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, depending on the type of neurotransmitter and receptor involved. In the case of positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse, the neurotransmitter will typically bind to an excitatory receptor, increasing the likelihood of the postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential.
Several factors can influence the efficiency of positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse. For example, the number of neurotransmitter molecules released, the density of receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, and the activity of enzymes that degrade neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft can all affect the strength of the signal transmission.
Moreover, this process can be modulated by a variety of factors, including:
* **Presynaptic modulation:** This involves changes in the amount of neurotransmitter released or the sensitivity of the presynaptic terminal to calcium influx.
* **Postsynaptic modulation:** This involves changes in the sensitivity of the postsynaptic receptors to neurotransmitters or the activity of intracellular signaling pathways that are activated by neurotransmitter binding.
* **Modulation by other neurons:** Some neurons release neurotransmitters that can act on presynaptic terminals to enhance or suppress neurotransmitter release.
In conclusion, positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse is a crucial process that ensures the efficient communication of information throughout the nervous system. It involves a complex interplay of presynaptic and postsynaptic events, and it can be modulated by a variety of factors to fine-tune the transmission of nerve impulses.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Melatonin receptor type 1B | A melatonin receptor type 1B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P49286] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 | A neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P30926] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Integrin alpha-2 | An integrin alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P17301] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| bupropion | bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE. | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| melatonin | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger | |
| 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2. | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridine alkaloid; pyrrolidine alkaloid | |
| epibatidine | alkaloid | ||
| methylbufotenin | 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine substituted by a methoxy group at position 5. | aromatic ether; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid | hallucinogen; plant metabolite |
| 6-chloromelatonin | acetamides | ||
| 6-hydroxymelatonin | 6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6. | acetamides; tryptamines | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| decamethonium | decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents. decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd | quaternary ammonium ion | muscle relaxant; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| mecamylamine | Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool. | primary aliphatic amine | |
| ondansetron | Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. | carbazoles | |
| tilorone | tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug. Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions. | aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| catechin | (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives. Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin | catechin | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| indopan | alpha-methyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position. indopan: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | tryptamines | |
| cytisine | alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite | |
| 4,4'-bisphenol f | 4,4'-bisphenol F: RN given refers to parent cpd bisphenol F : A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. | bisphenol; diarylmethane | environmental food contaminant; xenoestrogen |
| anabaseine | anabaseine: structure given in first source | bipyridines | |
| polygodial | aldehyde | ||
| s20098 | acetamides | ||
| 6-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-one | beta-carbolines | ||
| nicotine | (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine | arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets | ||
| 2-iodomelatonin | acetamides | ||
| 3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole | 3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole: structure in first source | ||
| luzindole | luzindole : A member of the class of indoles that is tryptamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group while the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a benzyl group. luzindole: melatonin receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | acetamides; indoles | melatonin receptor antagonist |
| 2-bromomelatonin | 2-bromomelatonin: structure given in first source | ||
| 5-methoxyluzindole | |||
| philanthotoxin 343 | philanthotoxin 343: structure given in first source (see article's footnote); identical to philanthotoxin 433 except that the number of methylene groups between the respective amine moieties is 3,4,3 instead of 4,3,3 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| varenicline | varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking. Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION. | ||
| pozanicline | |||
| ramelteon | ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist | indanes | |
| tropisetron | tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine. Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting. | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| epibatidine | |||
| hmr 3647 | |||
| ah 001 | AH 001: structure given in first source; a melatonin agonist | ||
| abt 594 | |||
| 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetraline | 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetraline: melatonin receptor antagonist; structure in first source | tetralins | |
| 2-phenylmelatonin | phenylindole | ||
| iik7 | IIK7: structure in first source | ||
| 5-methoxycarbonylamino-n-acetyltryptamine | 5-methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine: an mt1/MT2 receptor agonist | acetamides | |
| 8-methoxy-2-propionamidotetralin | 8-methoxy-2-propionamidotetralin: enhances sperm hyperactivation via the MT1 receptor | tetralins | |
| trans-metanicotine | metanicotine: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation | ||
| a 85380 | A 85380: structure given in first source; A-85380 is the S-enantiomer; A-159470 is the R-enantiomer | ||
| ar-r 17779 | AR-R 17779: structure in first source | ||
| 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine | 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine: an alpha7nAChR nicotinic receptor agonist | dimethoxybenzene | |
| k 185 | |||
| mg 624 | triethyl-(beta-4-stilbenoxyethyl)ammonium: inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptors; structure in first source | ||
| a 84543 | |||
| radafaxine | radafaxine: a bupropion metabolite; radafaxine is a (+)-isomer of hydroxybupropion | ||
| pnu-282987 | carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound | ||
| ispronicline | ispronicline: a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator; has antidepressant, neuroprotective, and cognitive effects; structure in first source | ||
| ucm 454 | |||
| 5-hydroxyethoxy-n-acetyltryptamine | 5-hydroxyethoxy-N-acetyltryptamine: structure in first source | ||
| pnu-282987 | |||
| 3-bromocytisine | 3-bromocytisine: structure in first source | ||
| a-582941 | A-582941: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist | ||
| n,n-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine | N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine: structure in first source | tryptamines | |
| 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzylidene)anabaseine |