lateral geniculate nucleus development

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The progression of the lateral geniculate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0878937420]

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is a crucial relay center in the visual pathway, receiving input from the retina and projecting to the primary visual cortex. Its development is a complex and tightly regulated process, involving interactions between various cell types, signaling molecules, and transcription factors.

**1. Early Neurogenesis and Progenitor Expansion:**
- The LGN originates from the dorsal thalamus, where neural progenitors proliferate and generate diverse neuronal populations.
- This process is regulated by signaling pathways like the Wnt and Shh pathways.
- Progenitors undergo symmetric and asymmetric divisions, increasing the pool of neural precursors.

**2. Neuronal Differentiation and Specification:**
- Progenitors differentiate into various neuronal subtypes, including relay neurons, interneurons, and projection neurons.
- This specification is influenced by transcription factors like Pax6, Tbr1, and Fezf2, which control the expression of genes specific to each cell type.
- The LGN receives axonal projections from the retina, forming a topographic map.

**3. Axon Guidance and Synapse Formation:**
- Retinal ganglion cell axons extend through the optic tract and target the LGN.
- Axon guidance is guided by chemoattractants and chemorepellents secreted by the target neurons.
- Once the axons reach the LGN, they form synapses with relay neurons, establishing functional connections.

**4. Refinement and Plasticity:**
- During postnatal development, the LGN undergoes a period of refinement and plasticity.
- Activity-dependent mechanisms, such as Hebbian plasticity, contribute to the strengthening of synapses and the elimination of weaker connections.
- This process ensures the accurate representation of visual information in the LGN.

**5. Role of Glial Cells:**
- Glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, play important roles in LGN development.
- They provide structural support, regulate neurotransmitter levels, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier.

**6. Influence of Sensory Experience:**
- Early visual experience shapes the development and function of the LGN.
- Deprivation of visual input during critical periods can lead to impairments in visual processing and neuronal plasticity.

The development of the LGN is a dynamic process that involves intricate interactions between genetic, molecular, and environmental factors. It is crucial for the establishment of a functional visual system and for our ability to perceive and interpret the world around us.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (57)