positive regulation of proteolysis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. [GOC:go_curators]

Positive regulation of proteolysis is a complex biological process that controls the rate and specificity of protein degradation within cells. It involves a intricate interplay of molecular components, including:

1. **Proteases:** These enzymes are the primary effectors of proteolysis, catalyzing the breakdown of peptide bonds within proteins. Proteases exhibit varying degrees of specificity, targeting certain amino acid sequences or structural motifs.

2. **Ubiquitin ligases (E3 ligases):** These enzymes attach ubiquitin, a small protein, to target proteins, marking them for degradation by the proteasome. E3 ligases play a crucial role in determining which proteins are degraded and under what conditions.

3. **Proteasome:** This multi-protein complex is responsible for degrading ubiquitinated proteins. It unfolds and breaks down the target protein into smaller peptides, which can be recycled or further degraded.

4. **Chaperones:** These proteins facilitate the proper folding of proteins and prevent misfolded or aggregated proteins from accumulating. They can also assist in the delivery of proteins to the proteasome.

5. **Regulatory proteins:** Various proteins interact with the proteasome, E3 ligases, and other components to regulate proteolytic activity. These regulators can influence the stability and activity of proteases and E3 ligases, ensuring that proteolysis occurs in a controlled and coordinated manner.

Positive regulation of proteolysis is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. It plays a crucial role in:

* **Cellular signaling:** Proteolysis can activate or inactivate signaling proteins, controlling the flow of information within cells.
* **Cell cycle control:** Proteolysis ensures the timely degradation of key cell cycle regulators, preventing uncontrolled cell growth and division.
* **Protein quality control:** Proteolysis removes misfolded or damaged proteins, preventing their accumulation and potential toxicity.
* **Cellular adaptation:** Proteolysis allows cells to adjust their protein composition in response to environmental changes and stresses.

Dysregulation of positive regulation of proteolysis can lead to various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding the intricate mechanisms governing proteolysis is essential for developing therapies targeting these diseases.'
"

Proteins (10)

Compounds (356)