Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response. [GOC:add]
Negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response is a complex process involving a coordinated effort of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms to dampen and eventually resolve persistent inflammation. This process is crucial to prevent excessive tissue damage and maintain homeostasis. Here are key aspects of negative regulation:
1. **Resolution of Inflammation:** This is the active process of transitioning from an inflammatory state to a healing state. It involves the removal of inflammatory cells like neutrophils and macrophages, clearing of cellular debris, and restoration of tissue integrity.
2. **Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Production:** Cytokines play a critical role in modulating inflammation. Anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-4 suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote tissue repair.
3. **Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Signaling:** The signaling pathways of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 are tightly regulated. Negative regulators like SOCS proteins and A20 inhibit these pathways, preventing excessive inflammation.
4. **Apoptotic Cell Clearance:** Apoptotic cells, which are dying cells that undergo programmed cell death, need to be efficiently removed to prevent secondary damage and further inflammation. Macrophages play a critical role in phagocytizing these cells and initiating resolution.
5. **Immunosuppressive Cells:** Cells like regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress the activity of other immune cells, preventing them from exacerbating inflammation.
6. **Antioxidant Mechanisms:** Oxidative stress is often associated with inflammation. The body employs antioxidant systems like glutathione and enzymes like catalase to neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative damage.
7. **Tissue Repair and Regeneration:** The resolution of inflammation paves the way for tissue repair and regeneration. This process involves the activation of growth factors and the recruitment of cells responsible for tissue remodeling.
Overall, negative regulation of chronic inflammation ensures that the body can effectively control and resolve inflammation, preventing damage and maintaining overall health.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Aromatase | An aromatase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P11511] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| melatonin | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger | |
| naringenin | 4'-hydroxyflavanones; trihydroxyflavanone | ||
| 7-hydroxyflavanone | 7-hydroxyflavanone : A monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7. 7-hydroxyflavanone: structure given in first source | monohydroxyflavanone | |
| 7-nitroindazole | 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure | ||
| tyrphostin a23 | tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source | catechols | |
| aminoglutethimide | aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position. Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER. | dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline | adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| anastrozole | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor | |
| clotrimazole | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic | |
| fluconazole | fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS. | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| fluorouracil | 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| ketoconazole | 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| letrozole | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor | |
| metyrapone | metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME. | aromatic ketone | antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| miconazole | 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion. | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| nimesulide | nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. nimesulide: structure | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| masoprocol | nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) | catechols; lignan; tetrol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide | N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2. | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor |
| sb 206553 | SB 206553: a high-affinity 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonist; structure given in first source | pyrroloindole | |
| estrone | Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| androstenedione | androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL. | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| flavanone | flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4. flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source | flavanones | |
| dihydrotestosterone | 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5. Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE. | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| flavone | flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source | flavones | metabolite; nematicide |
| herniarin | herniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7. herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure | coumarins | fluorochrome |
| formestane | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enol; hydroxy steroid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor | |
| alpha-naphthoflavone | alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14). alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4 | extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| 4,6-androstadiene-3,17-dione | 4,6-androstadiene-3,17-dione: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | ||
| boldenone | boldenone : An 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use. boldenone: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | |
| 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione | 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione: structure androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione : A steroid that consists of androstane having double bonds at positions 1 and 4 and two keto groups at positions 3 and 17. | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | |
| testolactone | Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer. | 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; seco-androstane | |
| dazoxiben | dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| n-(4-nitrophenacyl)imidazole | N-(4-nitrophenacyl)imidazole: structure in first source | ||
| rogletimide | |||
| fadrozole | Fadrozole: A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer. | imidazopyridine | |
| aromasil | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic | |
| liarozole | liarozole: inhibits all-trans-retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase; effective against hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumors; R 75251 is chlorohydrate of R 61405; a potent inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism; USAN name - liarozole fumarate | benzimidazoles | |
| azalanstat | azalanstat: inhibits lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase, the enzyme which catalyzes the first step in conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol in mammals; structure given in first source | ||
| 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylbut-1-ene | 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylbut-1-ene: structure given in first source | ||
| 4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol | stilbenoid | ||
| ursolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector; plant metabolite | |
| 2-methylestradiol | 2-methylestradiol: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer | ||
| 2-fluoroestradiol | 2-fluoroestradiol: in contrast to 4-fluoroestradiol above cpd is not a carcinogen | ||
| 4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one | 4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is quinolin-2(1H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 4. | quinolone | |
| dehydroleucodine | dehydroleucodine: has antimicrobial activity; RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer | ||
| 1-benzylimidazole | 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase | ||
| 7-(diethylamino)-1-benzopyran-2-one | coumarins | ||
| monocerin | monocerin: structure in first source | hydroxybenzoic acid | metabolite |
| androst-2-en-17-one | |||
| androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione | androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione : An androstanoid that is androsta-1,4,6-triene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione: blocks aromatization of testosterone to estradiol; aromatase antagonist | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; androstanoid | EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| liquiritigenin | 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta. liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium | 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone | hormone agonist; plant metabolite |
| 7-(4'-amino)phenylthioandrostenedione | |||
| cyclohexylaminoglutethimide | cyclohexylaminoglutethimide: structure given in first source | ||
| cgp 47645 | leflutrozole: structure given in first source | ||
| 19-hydroxy-4-androsten-17-one | 19-hydroxy-4-androsten-17-one: structure given in first source; potential competitive inhibitor of estrogen biosynthesis | ||
| 7-((4'-aminophenyl)thio)-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione | 7-((4'-aminophenyl)thio)-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione: structure given in first source | ||
| abiraterone | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; pyridines | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor | |
| isoflavanone | isoflavanone : Isoflavone in which the double bond between positions 2 and 3 has been reduced to a single bond. isoflavanone: structure given in first source; RN from CA Index Guide | isoflavanones | |
| ym 511 | YM 511: a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor; structure given in first source | ||
| dihydroresveratrol | dihydroresveratrol : A stilbenol that is 1,1'-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene with hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4'. dihydroresveratrol: structure in first source | stilbenol | plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| sorafenib | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| naringenin | (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. | (2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin | expectorant; plant metabolite |
| naringin | (2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite | |
| sb 221284 | SB 221284: 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonist; structure in first source | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| arachidonic acid | arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| resveratrol | trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| docosahexaenoate | all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds. efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement | docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| oleic acid | oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed) | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| eicosapentaenoic acid | all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds. | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| afimoxifene | afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen. | phenols; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite |
| ketoconazole | (2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration. | cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine | |
| benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde | benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative. | amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide | proteasome inhibitor |
| 7-methoxyflavone | 7-methoxyflavone: an aromatase inhibitor | ether; flavonoids | |
| posaconazole | aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles | trypanocidal drug | |
| isoliquiritigenin | chalcones | antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist | |
| 4-(3-pyridinyloxy)benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile | aromatic ether | ||
| 4-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzonitrile | benzenes; nitrile | ||
| 4-aminostilbene | 4-aminostilbene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | ||
| cis-resveratrol | cis-resveratrol : The cis-stereoisomer of resveratrol. | resveratrol | |
| 2,4-Di(3-pyridyl)-1,3-thiazole | thiazoles | ||
| sb 242084 | 6-chloro-5-methyl-1-((2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)pyrid-5-yl)carbamoyl)indoline: 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonist (antagonist); structure in first source | ||
| 7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one | ether; flavonoids | ||
| calceolarioside b | calceorioside B: a cardioprotective agent isolated from Akebia; structure in first source | hydroxycinnamic acid | metabolite |
| quercetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger | |
| biochanin a | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| apigenin | Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| linoleic acid | linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| gossypetin | gossypetin : A hexahydroxyflavone having the hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3'-, 4'-, 5- 7- and 8-positions. gossypetin: inhibits activity of penicillinase enzyme in E coli | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | plant metabolite |
| alpha-linolenic acid | linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid. linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins. | linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| genistein | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| chrysin | chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. | 7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| galangin | 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells. | 7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone | antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| mangostin | alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit | aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| myricetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite | |
| daidzein | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite | |
| 7-hydroxyflavone | 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group. | hydroxyflavonoid | |
| 4',7-dihydroxyflavone | 4',7-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7. 4',7-dihydroxyflavone: inducer of nod gene | dihydroxyflavone | metabolite |
| irosustat | irosustat: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; a tricyclic sulfamate ester; structure in first source | ||
| broussonin a | broussonin A: has antiviral activity; isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides; structure in first source | ||
| Isolicoflavonol | flavones | ||
| su 11248 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist | |
| 6,7-dihydroxyflavone | 6,7-dihydroxyflavone: intensifies effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source | ||
| Isoliquiritigenin 4,4'-dimethyl ether | chalcones | ||
| gamma-mangostin | gamma-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antitumour activity. | phenols; xanthones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor |
| vx680 | N-arylpiperazine | ||
| docosapentaenoic acid | (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid : The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions. docosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C22 fatty acid having five C=C double bonds. | docosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite |
| gdp 366 | GDP 366: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | ||
| vorozole | vorozole: structure given in first source; vorozole/R 83842 is ((+)/dextro-isomer), RN 129731-10-8; R 83839 ((-)/levo-isomer) | benzotriazoles | |
| bis(7)-tacrine | secondary amino compound | apoptosis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent | |
| morachalcone a | morachalcone A: tyrosinase inhibitor from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus; structure in first source | chalcones | |
| 3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid | 3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid: from Potentilla chinensis | triterpenoid | |
| plomestane | plomestane: selective inhibitor of aromatization in human breast tissue; may provide a mechanism for controlling estrogen responsive processes | ||
| abyssinone ii | abyssinone II: chemopreventive agent from Broussonetia papypera; structure in first source | ||
| 4-hydroxy-n-desmethyltamoxifen | 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen: metabolite of tamoxifen in human bile | stilbenoid | |
| garcinone e | garcinone E: has potent cytotoxic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines; structure in first source | xanthones | |
| abt 869 | aromatic amine; indazoles; phenylureas | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor | |
| ludartin | ludartin: a TRPA1 channel activator; structure in first source | ||
| Moracin P | benzofurans | ||
| osilodrostat | Osilodrostat: an orally active aldosterone-synthase inhibitor | ||
| mulberrofuran g | mulberrofuran G: from Mulberry tree; Diels-Alder type adduct; structure given in first source |