linoleic-acid and caryophyllene

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the fresh leaves and stems oils of Piper caninum were investigated. A total of forty eight constituents were identified in the leaves (77.9%) and stems (87.0%) oil which were characterized by high proportions of phenylpropanoid, safrole with 17.1% for leaves and 25.5% for stems oil. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by using β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, DPPH radical scavenging and total phenolic content. Stems oil showed the highest inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation (114.9 ± 0.9%), compared to BHT (95.5 ± 0.5%), while leaves oil showed significant total phenolic content (27.4 ± 0.5 mg GA/g) equivalent to gallic acid. However, the essential oils showed weak activity towards DPPH free-radical scavenging. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity revealed that both oils exhibited strong activity against all bacteria strains with MIC values in the range 62.5 to 250 μg/mL, but weak activity against fungal strains. These findings suggest that the essential oils can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for therapeutic, nutraceutical industries and food manufactures.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Linoleic Acid; Lipid Peroxidation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Phenols; Piper; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Safrole; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane

The antioxidant activity of a commercial rectified clove leaf essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllus) and its main constituent eugenol was tested. This essential oil comprises in total 23 identified constituents, among them eugenol (76.8%), followed by beta-caryophyllene (17.4%), alpha-humulene (2.1%), and eugenyl acetate (1.2%) as the main components. The essential oil from clove demonstrated scavenging activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydracyl (DPPH) radical at concentrations lower than the concentrations of eugenol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). This essential oil also showed a significant inhibitory effect against hydroxyl radicals and acted as an iron chelator. With respect to the lipid peroxidation, the inhibitory activity of clove oil determined using a linoleic acid emulsion system indicated a higher antioxidant activity than the standard BHT.

Topics: Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Butylated Hydroxyanisole; Butylated Hydroxytoluene; Eugenol; Free Radical Scavengers; Linoleic Acid; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Picrates; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Syzygium; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances