Page last updated: 2024-10-24

lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of lipid molecules passing through the blood-brain barrier. [GOC:sjp, PMID:24345162]

Lipid transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated process that ensures the delivery of essential nutrients to the brain while preventing the entry of harmful substances. The BBB is a specialized, highly selective barrier formed by tightly packed endothelial cells that line the brain capillaries. These cells are connected by tight junctions, restricting the passage of most molecules. Lipid transport across the BBB is critical for supplying the brain with fatty acids, cholesterol, and other lipids that are essential for neuronal function and myelin formation.

There are several mechanisms involved in lipid transport across the BBB:

* **Passive diffusion:** Small, lipophilic lipids, like short-chain fatty acids, can passively diffuse across the BBB.
* **Facilitated diffusion:** Larger lipids, like long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol, require specialized transporters to facilitate their entry into the brain. These transporters include:
* **Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs):** Bind and transport long-chain fatty acids across the BBB.
* **Apolipoproteins:** These proteins are involved in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids in the bloodstream. Some apolipoproteins, such as apoE, can bind to specific receptors on BBB endothelial cells and mediate the transport of cholesterol into the brain.
* **ABCA1 and ABCG1:** These ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in the efflux of cholesterol from the brain.

* **Receptor-mediated endocytosis:** This process involves the internalization of lipid-containing particles, such as lipoproteins, by BBB endothelial cells through specific receptors.

The regulation of lipid transport across the BBB is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis. Dysregulation of lipid transport can contribute to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.

Here are some key aspects of lipid transport across the BBB:

* **Lipid composition of the brain:** The brain has a high lipid content, with phospholipids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids being major components.
* **Energy requirements of the brain:** The brain relies heavily on lipids for energy production.
* **Myelin formation:** Lipids are essential for the formation and maintenance of myelin, the insulating sheath that surrounds nerve fibers.
* **Neurotransmitter synthesis:** Some lipids are precursors for the synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Understanding the mechanisms of lipid transport across the BBB is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for treating neurological disorders associated with lipid dysregulation.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Fatty acid-binding protein 5A fatty acid-binding protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q01469]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (10)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
palmitic acidhexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.

Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.
long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd

8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.
aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid
fluorescent probe
truxillic acidtruxillic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure
arachidonic acidarachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.

icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
palmitoleic acidhexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.hexadec-9-enoic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite
oleic acidoleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.

Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
linoleic acidlinoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.

Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid
algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
HTS 01037ring assembly;
thiophenes
guineensineguineensine: an Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, from the fruits of Piper longum; structure in first sourcbenzodioxoles
bms 309403