linoleic-acid and Carotid-Artery-Diseases

The red blood cell fatty acid composition objectively reflects the long-term dietary intake of several fatty acids. In patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, we explored whether red blood cell status of selected fatty acids related to symptomatic carotid artery disease.. We included patients with symptomatic (n=22) and asymptomatic (n=23) carotid artery disease. We determined all-C18:1 trans, linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n6), alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), and the omega-3 index (sum of eicosapentaenoic [C20:5n3] and docosahexaenoic [C22:6n3] acids) in both red blood cells and carotid plaque phospholipids by gas-chromatography.. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, we only observed a significant association for LA, whose red blood cell status was inversely related to symptomatic carotid artery disease (odds ratio, 0.116 [95% CI, 0.022-0.607],. Cell membrane enrichment in LA, which reflects its intake, was inversely related to symptomatic carotid disease. This increases evidence supporting a favorable role of dietary LA in vascular health.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carotid Artery Diseases; Chromatography, Gas; Endarterectomy, Carotid; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Male; Phospholipids; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Prevalence

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticholesteremic Agents; Carotid Artery Diseases; Cholesterol, Dietary; Coronary Disease; Endpoint Determination; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Feeding Behavior; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Inflammation; Japan; Linoleic Acid; Longevity; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Plant Oils; Risk Factors; Triglycerides

Markers of lipid peroxidative damage have been shown to be elevated in individuals with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and human atherosclerotic plaque contains products resulting from lipid peroxidation. In particular, the presence of fatty acid oxidation products such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) has previously been suggested as a marker of plaque instability and symptomatic cerebrovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to quantitate the levels of various oxidation products of linoleic acid (HODEs) and arachidonic acid (HETEs), respectively, in human atherosclerotic plaque tissue and assess their level in relation to plaque histopathology, symptoms of cerebrovascular disease and preexisting atherosclerotic risk factors. We also assessed the correlation between the levels of the hydroxy fatty acid compounds and F(2)-isoprostanes, an established marker of in vivo free radical mediated oxidation. Hydroxy fatty acid oxidation products were identified in all histological subtypes of advanced plaque. However, there were no significant differences in levels between the histopathologically classified sub-groups or between patients symptomatic or asymptomatic for cerebrovascular disease. Arachidonic acid oxidation products were significantly higher in those subjects who also had symptomatic peripheral vascular disease. The level of linoleic acid oxidation products was significantly higher in individuals who consumed alcohol on a regular basis. While F(2)-isoprostanes and fatty acid oxidation products were highly correlated (P<0.01), levels of the hydroxy fatty acid compounds were 20-40-fold higher than F(2)-isoprostanes. Chiral analysis of the plaque extracts indicated that all HODEs and HETEs originated primarily from non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. While our results do not support previous reports that fatty acid oxidation products such as the HETEs are associated with plaque instability and symptomatic cerebrovascular disease, further work is warranted to determine the potential of these compounds as circulating markers for underlying atherosclerotic disease and lipid peroxidative stress.

Topics: Aged; Arachidonic Acid; Arteriosclerosis; Carotid Artery Diseases; Culture Techniques; Endarterectomy, Carotid; Fatty Acids; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Isoprostanes; Linoleic Acid; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Probability; Prognosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric

Dietary intake of linolenic acid is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. However, it is unknown whether linolenic acid is associated with a lower risk of carotid atherosclerosis.. The objective was to examine the association between dietary linolenic acid and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques and the intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries.. In a cross-sectional design, we studied 1575 white participants of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study who were free of coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. High-resolution ultrasound was used to assess intima-media thickness and the presence of carotid plaques beginning 1 cm below to 1 cm above the carotid bulb. We used logistic regression and a generalized linear model for the analyses.. From the lowest to the highest quartile of linolenic acid intake, the prevalence odds ratio (95% CI) of a carotid plaque was 1.0 (reference), 0.47 (0.30, 0.73), 0.38 (0.22, 0.66), and 0.49 (0.26, 0.94), respectively, in a model that adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, waist-to-hip ratio, education, field center, smoking, and the consumption of linoleic acid, saturated fat, fish, and vegetables. Linoleic acid, fish long-chain fatty acids, and fish consumption were not significantly related to carotid artery disease. Linolenic acid was inversely related to thickness of the internal and bifurcation segments of the carotid arteries but not to the common carotid artery.. Higher consumption of total linolenic acid is associated with a lower prevalence odds of carotid plaques and with lesser thickness of segment-specific carotid intima-media thickness.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Animals; Body Constitution; Carotid Artery Diseases; Cholesterol, Dietary; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Dietary Fiber; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Educational Status; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids; Female; Fishes; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Odds Ratio; Smoking; Vegetables

Oxidation of lipoproteins, particularly low-density lipoprotein, is thought to play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. We set out to identify and quantitate the major fatty acid oxidation products in human atherosclerotic plaque obtained from individuals undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Oxidized lipids were extracted from plaque homogenate under conditions to prevent artifactual oxidation. Identification and quantitation was performed using HPLC and GC-MS. High levels of hydroxyoctadecanoic acids (0.51 +/- 0.17 ng/microg of linoleic acid), 15-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (HETE) (0.66 +/- 0.24 ng/microg of arachidonic acid), and 11-HETE (0.84 +/- 0.24 ng/microg of arachidonic acid) were detected in all atherosclerotic plaques (n = 10). Low levels of 9-oxo-octadecanoic acid (oxoODE) (0.04 +/- 0.01 ng/microg of linoleic acid), were present in all samples, while 13-oxoODE (0.01 +/- 0.008 ng/microg of linoleic acid) was present in only 4 of the 10 plaque samples. Of interest was the identification of two previously unidentified compounds in atherosclerotic plaque, 11-oxo-eicosatetranoic acid in 9 of the 10 samples and 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatetranoic acid in 3 samples. Chiral analysis revealed that all the major compounds identified in this study are of a nonenzymatic origin. This study is the first to provide a convenient HPLC method to quantify all the products of both linoleic acid and arachidonic acid oxidation in human atherosclerotic plaque. The quantitation of lipid peroxidation products in plaque may be important given the potential biological activity of these compounds and their possible relationship to plaque pathogenesis and instability.

Topics: Aged; Arachidonic Acid; Carotid Artery Diseases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fatty Acids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; Linoleic Acid; Oleic Acid; Oxidants; Palmitic Acid; Stearic Acids; Stereoisomerism