linoleic-acid and Diabetic-Nephropathies

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association of the fat content in the diet with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes.. Patients from the Diabetes research clinic at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (Brazil) were consecutively recruited. The inclusion criterion was the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The exclusion criteria were as follows: body mass index >40 kg/m2, heart failure, gastroparesis, diabetic diarrhea, dietary counseling by a registered dietitian during the previous 12 months, and inability to perform the weighed diet records (WDR). The dietary fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) consumption was estimated by 3-day WDR. Compliance with the WDR technique was assessed by comparison of protein intake estimated from the 3-day WDR and from the 24-h urinary nitrogen output performed on the third day of the WDR period. The presence of DKD was defined as urinary albumin excretion (UAE) ≥ 30 mg / 24 h or/and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Urinary albumin was measured twice and eGFR was estimated by using the CKD-EPI equation.. A total of 366 patients were evaluated; of these, 33% (n = 121) had DKD. Multivariate analysis showed that the intake of linolenic acid was negatively associated with DKD (OR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.35-0.93; P = 0.024), adjusted for gender, smoking, cardiovascular disease, ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blocker use, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and HDL cholesterol. In a separate model, similar results were observed for linoleic acid, adjusting to the same co-variables (OR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.91-0.99; P = 0.006).. The lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linolenic and linoleic acid, is associated with chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Topics: Aged; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fats; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Factors

Growing evidence indicates that oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in Diabetic nephropathy (DN). In a previous study we demonstrated that ALA/LA protected HK-2 cells against high glucose-induced cytotoxicity. So we aimed to establish the glucose injury model of HK-2 cells and investigate the beneficial effects of ALA/LA on high glucose-induced excessive production of TGF-β1 and the possible mechanisms mediating the effects.. The expression of OS markers in high glucose-induced HK-2 cells treated with ALA/LA., including the antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as the apoptosis rate were assayed by ELISA and flow cytometry. The p38/transforming growth factor β. ALA/LA exerts protective effects in vitro through inhibition of ROS generation, down regulation of the activation of the p38MAPK pathway and the expression of TGF-β

Topics: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glucose; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

An excess of Oxidative Stress can occur either through an increase in the generation of free radicals and their metabolites (which overwhelm the protective capacity of the normal defence mechanisms of the body) or through a decrease in the protective ability of the body to withstand normal Oxidative Stress or both. Excessive Oxidative Stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its chronic complications like retinopathy and nephropathy. Through various mechanisms, it plays a prominent role in the progression and acceleration of atherosclerosis. Free radicals being highly unstable due to their high reactivity are very difficult to measure accurately. Recourse is therefore taken to measure the compounds that are formed due to the activity of these free radicals. These compounds are relatively more stable and therefore can be measured as diene congugate and lipid peroxides. Another valuable measurement is to measure the levels of reduced glutathione in serum. Measurements of these products can be an excellent parameter to judge the metabolic control of diabetes.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Arteriosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Progression; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Free Radicals; Glutathione; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Oxidative Stress

In non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, microalbuminuria predicts early mortality, predominantly from cardiovascular disease. Increased free radical activity and abnormalities in hemostasis have been implicated in the development of vascular disease. Therefore, we measured markers of free radical activity (nonperoxide-conjugated diene isomer of linoleic acid [PL-9,11-LA'] and lipid peroxides expressed as malondialdehyde [MDA]) along with the hemostatic variables: fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWf), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and plasmin activity (B beta 15-42) in 24 NIDDM patients (12 patients with microalbuminuria and 12 without microalbuminuria) and in 12 age-matched control subjects. There were no differences in linoleic acid (PL-9,12-LA) concentrations between the three groups. PL-9,11-LA' was elevated in the microalbuminuric patients compared with control subjects (P less than 0.05), but there was no difference between the two diabetic groups. MDA was elevated in the microalbuminuric diabetic patients compared with those patients without microalbuminuria (P less than 0.05) and control subjects (P less than 0.001). MDA was also increased in the patients without microalbuminuria compared with control subjects (P less than 0.01). Except for B beta 15-42, all the hemostatic variables were increased (P less than 0.05) in the diabetic patients compared with control subjects. The microalbuminuric diabetic patients had further increases in vWf (P less than 0.03) and t-PA (P less than 0.03) compared with patients with microalbuminuria. Our study suggests that there is an increase in free radical activity and abnormalities in hemostatic variables favoring a hypercoagulable state in NIDDM, especially in those with microalbuminuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Nephropathies; Free Radicals; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Regression Analysis