linoleic-acid and Hyperlipoproteinemias

Topics: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Platelets; Diabetes Complications; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemias; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Linolenic Acids; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Thrombosis

Intraindividual comparisons of diets supplemented with sunflowerseed oil (rich in linoleic acid, LA, C18:2n-6), linseed oil (enriched with alpha-linolenic acid, LNA, C18:3n-3) and canned mackerel (rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, C20:5n-3 and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, C22:6n-3) were made in 30 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) of phenotypes IIa (n = 9), IIb (n = 7), IV (n = 7) and V (n = 7). The lipid- and blood pressure-lowering effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly those of the EPA- and DHA-rich diet, were confirmed irrespective of the type of HLP. Apolipoproteins A-I and B remained unchanged. The most remarkable finding was a substantial depression of free fatty acids (FFA) within a standardized glucose tolerance test (GTT) associated with the fall of serum triglycerides after diets enriched with n-6 and especially after those supplemented with n-3 PUFA. It was suggested that the decrease of FFA indicates reduced peripheral lipolysis, which might be a hitherto ignored factor involved in the triglyceride-lowering action of n-6 and, more pronounced, of n-3 PUFA.

Topics: Adult; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V; Hyperlipoproteinemias; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Linolenic Acids; Linseed Oil; Lipids; Middle Aged; Plant Oils; Sunflower Oil; Triglycerides

Topics: Blood Platelets; Dietary Fats; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemias; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids

Seventeen patients with hypertriglyceridaemia were given a lipid-lowering diet with a high P/S-ratio 2.1 during a 3-week period. The very low density lipoprotein triglycerides decreased by 43%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 19% and high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12%. There was a marked increase of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) in all plasma lipid esters with a concomitant decrease of the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. There was a slight increase of the linoleic acid metabolites 18:3 n-6, 20:3 n-6 and 20:4 n-6 in serum triglycerides whereas the fatty acids of the n-3 series decreased in all plasma lipid esters. In the platelets a similar pattern was found with an increase of linoleic acid and its metabolite 22:4 n-6 and a decrease of 18:1 n-9 as well as of the n-3 fatty acids. No significant differences in platelet reactivity was found. However, in a few patients there was an increased platelet aggregation after the diet period. Our results suggest that this diet based on a very high content of linoleic acid may not affect platelet reactivity in a beneficial way. The reason may be an increased turnover of arachidonic acid in the platelets or an imbalance between the n-6 and n-3 series of fatty acids.

Topics: Adult; Aged; beta-Thromboglobulin; Blood Platelets; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemias; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Lipoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Platelet Aggregation

Linoleic acid in serum total lipids was the first variable in the stepwise regression analysis of metabolic, nutritional and cardiovascular factors in a secondary preventive study of postinfarction middle-aged men. It was followed in the regression analysis where the dependent variable was cardiovascular death by previous myocardial infarction, heart volume index and hyperlipoproteinaemia. Linoleic acid was the only fatty acid entering the regression. Unlike other fatty acids, it exhibited by its low percentage an accumulation of deaths. The decreased percentage of linoleic acid was also evident in the comparison of fatty acid patterns of cardiovascular deaths to age- and triglyceride-matched men free from ischaemic heart disease. This study confirms prospective associations found in previously healthy men. Conclusions are drawn about the relevance of low serum linoleic acid to long term prognosis after MI.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Czechoslovakia; Dietary Fats; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemias; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Prognosis