negative regulation of somatostatin secretion

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. [GOC:BHF]

Negative regulation of somatostatin secretion is a complex process involving various mechanisms and cellular components. Somatostatin, a peptide hormone, plays a crucial role in regulating hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland. Its release is tightly controlled by various factors, ensuring appropriate levels of other hormones, such as growth hormone and insulin. Negative regulation of somatostatin secretion involves a series of events that aim to decrease the production and release of this inhibitory hormone.

Several mechanisms contribute to negative regulation of somatostatin secretion:

* **Autocrine Feedback:** Somatostatin itself can negatively regulate its own secretion. When somatostatin levels rise, it can bind to somatostatin receptors on somatostatin-producing cells (somatotrophs), leading to a decrease in further somatostatin release. This feedback loop helps maintain appropriate somatostatin levels.
* **Paracrine Inhibition:** Other hormones and factors can inhibit somatostatin secretion through paracrine mechanisms. For instance, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), which stimulates growth hormone release, can also inhibit somatostatin release. This intricate interplay between hormones ensures proper coordination of their secretion.
* **Neural Regulation:** The nervous system exerts significant control over somatostatin secretion. Neurons in the hypothalamus, the brain region responsible for regulating many bodily functions, can release neurotransmitters that stimulate or inhibit somatostatin release. For example, dopamine can increase somatostatin secretion, while norepinephrine can decrease it.
* **Intracellular Signaling Pathways:** Various intracellular signaling pathways are involved in regulating somatostatin secretion. For example, the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, activated by cAMP, can stimulate somatostatin secretion. Conversely, the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway can inhibit somatostatin release.
* **Other Factors:** Various physiological conditions and factors can influence somatostatin secretion. For instance, stress, fasting, and low blood glucose levels can stimulate somatostatin release. Conversely, high blood glucose levels, exercise, and certain medications can suppress somatostatin secretion.

Understanding the complex interplay of these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending the regulation of somatostatin secretion and its physiological significance. Dysregulation of somatostatin secretion can contribute to various hormonal imbalances and diseases. In summary, negative regulation of somatostatin secretion involves a intricate network of feedback mechanisms, hormonal interactions, and neural pathways, ensuring the precise control of this inhibitory hormone.'
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Compounds (12)