Compounds > dimethyl maleate
Page last updated: 2024-12-10

dimethyl maleate

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Description

dimethyl maleate: structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

dimethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with methanol. It is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5271565
CHEMBL ID2259700
CHEBI ID35460
SCHEMBL ID75864
MeSH IDM0045935

Synonyms (58)

Synonym
4-02-00-02204 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-k39366x5n0
dimethylester kyseliny maleinove
k39366x5n0 ,
ec 210-848-5
2-butenedioic acid (2z)-, 1,4-dimethyl ester
methyl maleate
wln: 1ov1u1vo1 -c
sipomer dmm
nsc5161
dimethyl cis-butenedioate
2-butenedioic acid (z)-, dimethyl ester
nsc-5161
624-48-6
dimethyl cis-ethylenedicarboxylate
maleic acid, dimethyl ester
dimethyl maleate
2-butenedioic acid, dimethyl ester, (z)-
CHEBI:35460 ,
2-butenedioic acid (2z)-, dimethyl ester
nsc 5161
brn 0471705
dimethylester kyseliny maleinove [czech]
einecs 210-848-5
ai3-07869
maleic acid dimethyl ester
dimethyl (z)-but-2-enedioate
2-butenedioic acid, dimethyl ester, (2z)-
dimethyl (2z)-but-2-enedioate
dimethyl maleate, 96%
M0012
NCGC00248247-01
cas-624-48-6
dtxcid2020765
dtxsid4040765 ,
NCGC00254898-01
tox21_300996
CHEMBL2259700
(z)-dimethyl 2-butenedioate
dimethyl cis-ethenedicarboxylate
dimethyl maleate [inci]
SCHEMBL75864
AKOS022152549
di-methyl maleate
NCGC00248247-02
tox21_113653
dimethyl (2z)-2-butenedioate #
2-butendioic acid, dimethyl ester, (z)-
F8886-8253
1,4-dimethyl (2z)-but-2-enedioate
mfcd00008459
maleic acid, bis-methyl ester
E75804
Q2377169
AMY4058
EN300-305308
BS-23530
CS-W011010

Research Excerpts

Actions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Dimethyl maleate induced an increase in ROS and MDA in the blood, but not in the brain, of the PCA rats, compared with non-treated PCA rats. "( Induction of systemic oxidative stress leads to brain oedema in portacaval shunted rats.
Bosoi, CR; Rose, CF; Tremblay, M, 2014)		1.85
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
maleate esterCompounds of the general formula ROOC-CH=CH-COOR' where R and R' are organyl groups
diesterA diester is a compound containing two ester groups.
methyl esterAny carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.49710.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.00370.023723.228263.5986AID743222; AID743223
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.95770.000627.21521,122.0200AID743202; AID743219
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (53)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1136548Antifungal activity against Mucor mucedo ATCC 7941 at <100 ug/ml at pH 5.6 after 5 days in absence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136561Antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9129 at pH 7 after 5 days in presence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136557Antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9129 at pH 5.6 after 5 days in presence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136570Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 at <100 ug/ml at pH 7 after 5 days in presence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136552Antifungal activity against Mucor mucedo ATCC 7941 at <100 ug/ml at pH 7 after 5 days in absence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136542Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 at <100 ug/ml at pH 5.6 after 5 days in presence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136550Antifungal activity against Mucor mucedo ATCC 7941 at <100 ug/ml at pH 5.6 after 5 days in presence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136554Antifungal activity against Mucor mucedo ATCC 7941 at <100 ug/ml at pH 7 after 5 days in presence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136564Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 at <100 ug/ml at pH 5.6 after 5 days in absence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1432755Competitive inhibition of Sporosarcina pasteurii CCM 2056 urease assessed as reduction in ammonia production preincubated with enzyme followed by addition of varying levels of urea as substrate measured for 120 mins by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Potent covalent inhibitors of bacterial urease identified by activity-reactivity profiling.
AID1136572Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 at <100 ug/ml at pH 5.6 after 5 days in absence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1432760Inhibition of Sporosarcina pasteurii CCM 2056 urease assessed as reduction in ammonia production by measuring steady state enzyme-inhibitor complex using urea as substrate measured for 120 mins by phenol-hypochlorite method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Potent covalent inhibitors of bacterial urease identified by activity-reactivity profiling.
AID1136566Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 at <100 ug/ml at pH 5.6 after 5 days in presence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1432751Inhibition of Sporosarcina pasteurii CCM 2056 urease assessed as reduction in ammonia production using urea as substrate measured for 120 mins by phenol-hypochlorite method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Potent covalent inhibitors of bacterial urease identified by activity-reactivity profiling.
AID1432754Time-dependent Sporosarcina pasteurii CCM 2056 urease assessed as reduction in ammonia production using urea as substrate by phenol-hypochlorite method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Potent covalent inhibitors of bacterial urease identified by activity-reactivity profiling.
AID1136559Antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9129 at pH 7 after 5 days in absence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136546Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 at <100 ug/ml at pH 7 after 5 days in presence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136568Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 at <100 ug/ml at pH 7 after 5 days in absence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1432759Inhibition of Sporosarcina pasteurii CCM 2056 urease assessed as reduction in ammonia production by measuring initial state enzyme-inhibitor complex using urea as substrate measured for 120 mins by phenol-hypochlorite method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Potent covalent inhibitors of bacterial urease identified by activity-reactivity profiling.
AID1136555Antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9129 at pH 5.6 after 5 days in absence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1136544Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 at <100 ug/ml at pH 7 after 5 days in absence of 10% beef serum1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Antifungal properties of 2-bromo-3-fluorosuccinic acid esters and related compounds.
AID1432756Reversible inhibition of Sporosarcina pasteurii CCM 2056 urease assessed as reduction in ammonia production by measuring recovery of enzyme activity at 10 times IC50 preincubated for 60 mins followed by 100-fold dilution in to PBS containing urea as subst2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Potent covalent inhibitors of bacterial urease identified by activity-reactivity profiling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (26)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19902 (7.69)18.7374
1990's4 (15.38)18.2507
2000's5 (19.23)29.6817
2010's8 (30.77)24.3611
2020's7 (26.92)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 42.82

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index42.82 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.30 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.93 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index59.29 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index1.98 (0.95)

This Compound (42.82)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other26 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		2.110azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
2-butynedioic acid
2-butynedioic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. butynedioic acid : An acetylenic compound that is acetylene in which the hydrogens are replaced by carboxy groups.		2.1510acetylenic compound;
C4-dicarboxylic acid
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		2.01102-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		1.9710imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.1510acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		1.9810aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		1.9510aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		1.9510nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		1.9810antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dithionitrobenzoic acid
Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.		1.9810nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide		indicator
methylmethacrylate
Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.		2.0510enoate ester;
methyl ester		allergen;
polymerisation monomer
carbazole
carbazole: structure in first source		2.110carbazole
methyl acrylate
[no description available]		2.0510enoate ester
furaldehyde
Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.		2.0110aldehyde;
furans		Maillard reaction product;
metabolite
shikimic acid
Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.		2.3110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl acrylate
[no description available]		2.0510enoate ester
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.0310cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
propiolic acid
propiolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propynoic acid : A terminal acetylenic compound that is a 3-carbon, straight-chain, monounsaturated fatty acid having one acetylenic bond.		2.1510acetylenic fatty acid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
monounsaturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenobiotic metabolite
indole-3-carbaldehyde
indole-3-carbaldehyde: metabolite of tryptophan; structure. indole-3-carbaldehyde : A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.		2.110heteroarenecarbaldehyde;
indole alkaloid;
indoles		bacterial metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.110dialdehydebiomarker
acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester
acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester: inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation		2.420
cyclopentenone
2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.		2.1510alicyclic ketone;
enone		Hsp70 inducer
2-cyclohexen-1-one
2-cyclohexen-1-one: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with specified locant for double bond. cyclohexenone : The parent compound of the cyclohexenones, composed of cyclohexanone having one double bond in the ring.. cyclohex-2-enone : A cyclohexenone having its C=C double bond at the 2-position.		2.1510cyclohexenone
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .		1.9710methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		1.9710diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		2.0110copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		2.0310diatomic bromine
2-butynoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510
phenylpropiolic acid
phenylpropiolic acid: structure. phenylpropiolic acid : An acetylenic compound that is propynoic acid in which the acetylenic hydrogen is replaced by a phenyl group.		2.1510acetylenic compound;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
benzenes
ethyl 2-butynoate
[no description available]		2.1510
ethylphenylpropiolate
ethylphenylpropiolate: structure		2.1510
fullerene c60
Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.		2.110fullerenegeroprotector
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		2.110chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
carbazomycin b
carbazomycin B: from Streptomyces Strain H 1051-MY 10; structure not given in first source, but MF given as C15-H15-N-O2; structure contains hydroxy-methoxy-dimethylcarbazole		2.110
carbazomycin a
carbazomycin A: from Streptomyces Strain H 1051-MY 10; structure not given in first source, but MF given as C16-H17-N-O2; structure contains dimethoxy-dimethylcarbazole moiety		2.110
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.		2.0110arenecarbaldehyde;
furans;
primary alcohol		indicator;
Maillard reaction product
aconitic acid
trans-aconitic acid : The trans-isomer of aconitic acid.		2.1510aconitic acidfundamental metabolite
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.1510butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid
cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid		2.1510cinnamic acidplant metabolite
fumaric acid
fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.1510butenedioic acidfood acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		1.9910octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
dimethyl fumarate
[no description available]		2.9340diester;
enoate ester;
methyl ester		antipsoriatic;
immunomodulator
ethyl cinnamate
ethyl cinnamate: a pine weevil antifeedant; structure in first source		2.1510alkyl cinnamate;
ethyl ester
diethyl fumarate
diethyl fumarate : A dieter obtained by the formal condensation of fumaric acid with ethanol.		2.420diestermetabolite
3-(4-methylbenzoyl)acrylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510carbonyl compound
nadp
[no description available]		1.9810
diethyl maleate
diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.		2.3920ethyl ester;
maleate ester		glutathione depleting agent
dibutyl maleate
[no description available]		1.9510
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		1.9910octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		1.9910
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		1.9510antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
ethyl fumarate
[no description available]		2.1510
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		2.4520butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
candicidin
Candicidin: Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component.. candicidin D : A 38-membered ring lactone containing seven (E)-double bonds between positions 22 and 35 and substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11, 13, 17 and 19, oxo groups at positions 3, 7 and 15, a carboxy group at position 18, a 3-amino-3,6-dideoxymannopyranosyloxy group at position 21, a methyl group at position 36 and a 7-(4-aminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-oxoheptan-2-yl group at position 37. It is the major component of candicidin, a mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus.. candicidin : A mixture of the antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. It is composed of candicidins A, B, C and D, with candicidin D being the major component. Candicidin is active against some fungi of the genus Candida, and has been used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.		1.9510macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal drug;
bacterial metabolite
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		1.9810organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chitosan
[no description available]		2.4820
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		02.110
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		02.110
Chronic Liver Failure
[description not available]		02.110
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		02.110
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.110
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		02.110
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		02.110
End Stage Liver Disease
Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.		02.110
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.0510
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.0610
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0610
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.0610
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		01.9810
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		01.9810
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		01.9810
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		01.9710
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9710
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		01.9710
Fetal Resorption
The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).		01.9710
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		01.9710
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		01.9710