Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response. [GOC:mah]
Cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulus is a complex process involving a cascade of events that ultimately lead to the release of cortisol, a key stress hormone. The process begins with CRH binding to its receptor, CRHR1, on the surface of pituitary corticotroph cells. This binding activates a signaling pathway involving G proteins and adenylyl cyclase, which ultimately leads to the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP then activates protein kinase A (PKA), which in turn phosphorylates the transcription factor CREB. Phosphorylated CREB then binds to the promoter region of the POMC gene, leading to the increased production of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). POMC is a precursor protein that is cleaved into several bioactive peptides, including ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). ACTH is then released from the pituitary gland and travels to the adrenal glands, where it binds to its receptor, MC2R, on the surface of adrenal cortical cells. This binding activates another signaling pathway, leading to the production of cortisol. Cortisol then travels throughout the body, where it exerts its effects on a variety of tissues and organs. These effects include suppressing inflammation, regulating blood sugar levels, and promoting the breakdown of proteins and fats. In addition to its effects on cortisol production, CRH also has a wide range of other biological effects, including the regulation of appetite, sleep-wake cycles, and emotional behavior. The cellular response to CRH is tightly regulated by a complex feedback mechanism. When cortisol levels rise, they act on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to suppress the production of CRH and ACTH. This feedback loop helps to maintain cortisol levels within a normal range.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 | A nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q92570] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 | A corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13324] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 | A nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43354] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 | A corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P34998] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 | A nuclear receptor subfamily 4 immunity group A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P22736] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| amodiaquine | amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position. Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties. | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| chloroquine | chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses. | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| hypericin | |||
| oxaprozin | oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE. | 1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid | analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| palmidrol | palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid. | endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine | anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent |
| simvastatin | simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL. | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| bexarotene | benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid | antineoplastic agent | |
| 5-chloroindole | 5-chloroindole: a positive allosteric modulator of the 5-HT3 receptor | ||
| 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline | 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline: structure given in first source | aminoquinoline | |
| parecoxib | parecoxib : An N-acylsulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of valdecoxib with propionic acid. It is a prodrug for valdecoxib. parecoxib: structure in first source | isoxazoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| celastrol | monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite | |
| tecastemizole | |||
| desmethylastemizole | desmethylastemizole: astemizole metabolite in dog plasma; structure given in first source | benzimidazoles | |
| celastrol methyl ester | celastrol methyl ester: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; potent inhibitory activity on both Kir2.1 and ERG1 potassium channels, leading to LONG QT SYNDROME | carboxylic ester | |
| nbi 27914 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | ||
| antalarmin | antalarmin : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM). | pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound | corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist |
| arachidonic acid | arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| oleic acid | oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed) | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| (3R,5S)-fluvastatin | (3R,5S)-fluvastatin : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which the stereocentres beta- and delta- to the carboxy group have R and S configuration, respectively. The drug fluvastatin is an equimolar mixture of this compound and its enantiomer. | (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; statin (synthetic) | |
| alitretinoin | Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA. | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist |
| methyl indole-3-carboxylate | methyl indole-3-carboxylate : The methyl ester of indole-3-carboxylic acid. | indoles; methyl ester | metabolite |
| capsaicin | ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| linoleic acid | linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| alprostadil | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent | |
| prostaglandin a1 | prostaglandins A | ||
| anandamide | anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. | endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4 | human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| ssr 125543a | SSR125543: a CRF1 receptor antagonist with antidepressant-like effects | amine | |
| pitavastatin | pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise. | cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic) | antioxidant |
| n-oleoylethanolamine | N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide. | endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1 | EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| cp 154526 | |||
| ucb 35625 | UCB 35625: J-113863 is the (trans)-isomer; structure in first source | ||
| r 121919 | |||
| pexacerfont | pyrazolopyridine | ||
| 4-(3-pentylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine | 4-(3-pentylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine: an hCRF(1) antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| nbi-34041 | NBI-34041: high-affinity CRF1 (corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1) receptor antagonist for attenuating elevated stress response | ||
| dmp 696 | DMP 696: a CRF(1) receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| triptohypol C | triptohypol C : A pentacyclic triterpenoid with formula C29H40O4, originally isolated from the root bark of Tripterygium regelii. | benzenediols; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| cytosporone b | cytosporone B: a Nur77 agonist; structure in first source | aromatic ketone | |
| cp 154526 | CP 154526: structure in first source | ||
| gsk 561679 | NBI 77860: a CRF1 receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| pci 32765 | ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies. ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor | acrylamides; aromatic amine; aromatic ether; N-acylpiperidine; pyrazolopyrimidine; tertiary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
| bms 665053 | BMS 665053: structure in first source | ||
| nitd 609 | NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source |