Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate. [GOC:mah, PMID:12184814, PMID:17208316]
MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are a family of protein phosphatases that specifically dephosphorylate and inactivate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). MAPKs are key signaling molecules involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and stress responses. MKPs play a crucial role in regulating the duration and intensity of MAPK signaling by removing phosphate groups from specific tyrosine and threonine residues within the activation loop of MAPKs. This dephosphorylation event leads to the inactivation of MAPKs, effectively terminating their signaling cascade. MKPs are highly regulated enzymes themselves, with their activity being influenced by various factors such as cellular stress, growth factors, and hormones. Their expression levels and subcellular localization are also tightly controlled, ensuring that they are appropriately positioned to exert their regulatory effects on MAPKs. The precise molecular mechanism by which MKPs dephosphorylate MAPKs involves a two-step process. First, the catalytic domain of the MKP binds to the MAPK substrate. Second, the MKP uses a conserved catalytic cysteine residue to remove the phosphate group from the MAPK, resulting in the dephosphorylated and inactive form of the MAPK. This dephosphorylation event effectively shuts off the MAPK signaling pathway, preventing further downstream signaling events. MKPs are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring appropriate responses to diverse stimuli. They play a critical role in fine-tuning MAPK signaling, preventing excessive or inappropriate activation of these kinases, which can lead to various cellular dysfunctions and diseases. Dysregulation of MKP activity has been implicated in a range of human diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, MKPs are attractive targets for therapeutic intervention, with the potential to modulate MAPK signaling pathways and treat these conditions.'
"
Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 | A dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P51452] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
imperatorin | imperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005 | psoralens | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite |
oleanolic acid | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite | |
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate | 1-monodecanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has decanoyl (capryl) as the acyl group. rac-1-monodecanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-decanoyl-sn-glycerol. rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate: a monoglyceride of capric acid | rac-1-monoacylglycerol | |
6,7-dichloroquinoline-5,8-dione | 6,7-dichloro-5,8-quinolinedione: structure in first source | ||
nsc 663284 | NSC 663284: structure in first source | quinolone | |
nsc668394 | |||
cefsulodin | cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients. | cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide | antibacterial drug |
caffeic acid | trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid. | caffeic acid | geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
illudalic acid | illudalic acid: isolated from Clitocybe illudens; structure in first source | ||
linoleic acid | linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
stigmasterol 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside | stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: an antioxidant from Monochoria vaginalis; structure in first source stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A steroid saponin that is (3beta,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia. | beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; phytosterols; steroid saponin | metabolite |
3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-indole-5-carboxylic acid | 3-(1-(3-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid: an SHP2 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
rk 682 | |||
variabilin | variabilin: an RGD-containing antagonist of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa from the hard tick, Dermacentor variabilis; amino acid sequence given in first source |