fat cell proliferation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. [GOC:mah, GOC:sl]

Fat cell proliferation, also known as adipocyte hyperplasia, is a complex biological process involving the formation of new fat cells from precursor cells called preadipocytes. This process is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis and regulating body fat stores.

The process begins with the activation of preadipocytes, which are quiescent cells that reside in adipose tissue. This activation can be triggered by various stimuli, including hormonal signals (such as insulin, growth hormone, and leptin), nutritional factors (such as fatty acids and glucose), and mechanical stress.

Once activated, preadipocytes undergo a series of coordinated events, including:

* **Commitment:** The preadipocytes become committed to the adipocyte lineage, expressing specific transcription factors and signaling molecules.
* **Proliferation:** Committed preadipocytes proliferate to increase the number of adipocyte precursor cells.
* **Differentiation:** The preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes, acquiring the characteristic features of fat cells, including the ability to store triglycerides.

During differentiation, preadipocytes undergo significant changes in morphology and gene expression. They accumulate lipid droplets, synthesize and express key adipocyte-specific proteins (such as perilipin, adiponectin, and leptin), and acquire the ability to respond to hormones and other regulatory signals.

The process of fat cell proliferation is tightly regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways, including the Wnt, PPAR, and MAPK pathways. These pathways are influenced by various factors, including diet, exercise, and genetics.

Fat cell proliferation is crucial for maintaining energy homeostasis. During periods of caloric surplus, the body increases fat cell proliferation to store excess energy as triglycerides. Conversely, during periods of caloric deficit, fat cell proliferation is suppressed, and existing fat cells may undergo lipolysis (fat breakdown).

Disruptions in fat cell proliferation can contribute to various health problems, including obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying fat cell proliferation is essential for developing therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat these conditions.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (46)