Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Gagging

Contraction of the muscle of the PHARYNX caused by stimulation of sensory receptors on the SOFT PALATE, by psychic stimuli, or systemically by drugs.

Synonyms(3)

Synonym
Reflex, Pharyngeal
Gagging
Pharyngeal Reflex

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Although gagging is a frequent problem that, when severe, can jeopardize the dental procedure, no single protocol is used to alleviate this phenomenon."( Barenboim, SF; Dvoyris, V; Kaufman, E, 2009)
"Gagging is a protective reflex, but when the gag reflex becomes abnormally active, it poses a difficulty for the dentist because it hinders all aspects of dental procedures including diagnosis, radiography, and any form of active procedure."( Agrawal, K; Agrawal, N; Garg, R; Singhal, A, 2014)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"The causes of problematic gagging are discussed and a behavioral method for its treatment is recommended."( Getz, T; Milgrom, P; Ramsay, DS; Weinstein, P, 1987)
"As the patient had a strong gagging reflex, intravenous sedation and inhalation sedation were used, enabling full-mouth prosthetic treatment to be performed."( Juri, M, 2007)
"As the patient's gagging reflex exhibited reduced sensitivity following treatment, it was considered to have a significant psychogenic component: this must be taken into account in future treatment so that medical staff avoid instigating or exacerbating the patient's gagging reflex."( Juri, M, 2007)

Research

Studies (184)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199090 (48.91)23.3326
1990's39 (21.20)12.5806
2000's34 (18.48)18.1394
2010's18 (9.78)28.8240
2020's3 (1.63)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
ammonium hydroxide0medium11
carbon monoxide0low10
chlorine0low10
histamine0low10
nitrous oxide0medium82
4-aminobenzoic acid0low10
benextramine0low10
benzocaine0low20
bumetanide0low10
cisapride0medium11
cystamine0low10
diazepam0medium53
fentanyl0medium43
fluphenazine0low10
flumazenil0medium11
flunitrazepam0low10
fluoxetine0low20
halothane0medium21
hexobarbital0medium11
lidocaine0medium157
imipramine0low10
indomethacin0low10
isoflurane0medium11
ketamine0low10
loperamide0low10
meperidine0medium11
metoclopramide0medium21
midazolam0medium97
muscimol0low10
apnea0medium73
pentobarbital0low10
phenoxybenzamine0low10
prilocaine0medium21
procaine0low10
propofol0medium1610
propyliodone0low10
succinylcholine0low10
tetracaine0low10
phentolamine0low10
methylene blue0low10
isoprene0low20
benzonatate0low10
diphenhydramine hydrochloride0medium11
bicuculline0low10
dimenhydrinate0medium11
glycopyrrolate0medium11
sodium hydroxide0low10
amiloride0low10
sabinene0low10
barium sulfate0low30
copper sulfate0low10
substance p0low10
fomesafen0medium976
remifentanil0medium11
nicotine0low10
glucuronic acid0medium11
atropine0medium11
aconine0low10
lithium chloride0low10
inositol 3-phosphate0medium41
pancuronium0low10
cocaine0medium11
tropisetron0low10
etomidate0medium11
pyrantel0low10
capsaicin0low10
thiopental0medium75
dezocine0medium11
oxantel0low10
phenylephrine hydrochloride0medium31
granisetron0medium22
naloxone0low10
cp 999940low10
dexmedetomidine0medium11
nalbuphine0medium11
barium0low10
resiniferatoxin0low10
s 17430medium11
psd 5020medium21
benzoylaconine0low10
piperidines0medium32
aconitine0low10
cyclosporine0low10

Protein Targets (866)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE160016
Genome polyprotein 0011
USP1 protein, partial100010
AR protein300030
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor140014
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]170017
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1140014
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha280028
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a110011
Histone H2A.x9009
chromobox protein homolog 1190019
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 32002
geminin210021
Polyphenol oxidase 20101
Cellular tumor antigen p53210021
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase0101
Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0101
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0101
Cytochrome P450 1B10202
Dihydropteroate synthase 0011
Chain A, Toluene-4-monooxygenase system protein A0101
Chain U, UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR0101
Chain A, UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR0101
Chain A, UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR0101
Chain A, HADH2 protein6006
Chain B, HADH2 protein6006
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase100010
acid sphingomyelinase2002
acetylcholinesterase6006
thioredoxin reductase180018
TDP1 protein230023
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1140014
regulator of G-protein signaling 4110011
glucocerebrosidase5005
arylsulfatase A140014
alpha-galactosidase2002
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2320032
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 18008
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1120012
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor4004
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 14004
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2200020
huntingtin isoform 24004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1180018
lamin isoform A-delta10220022
Membrane primary amine oxidase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 011013
Bile salt export pump030030
Prothrombin0101
Coagulation factor X0101
Plasminogen0101
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator0202
Tissue-type plasminogen activator0202
Cationic trypsin0101
Coagulation factor XI0101
Plasma kallikrein0102
Vitamin K-dependent protein C0101
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator0202
Trypsin-10101
Trypsin-20101
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0404
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10202
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 30202
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Trypsin-30101
Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70808
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 20202
Acid-sensing ion channel 10101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2021021
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0707
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 50202
Solute carrier family 22 member 10405
Solute carrier family 22 member 20405
Acid-sensing ion channel 30101
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger0101
ATAD5 protein, partial9009
Microtubule-associated protein tau110011
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha190019
D(1A) dopamine receptor110011
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A4004
GLI family zinc finger 3180018
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3170017
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha9009
pregnane X nuclear receptor130013
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0101
DNA polymerase beta3003
short transient receptor potential channel 6 isoform 10011
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3017017
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4017018
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4022123
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2010114
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M408111
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M107110
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30619
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M407110
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M507110
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5011114
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M206110
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1011115
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3011114
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor013114
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C021021
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
Histamine H2 receptor51110
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH 0001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0112
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1015015
Cholinesterase0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor016218
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor012214
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor012214
Acetylcholinesterase0404
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor012214
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor014217
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 10101
Adenosine receptor A2a0214
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor016218
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 50101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0102
glp-1 receptor, partial6006
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma170017
G110011
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta110011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor6006
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor9009
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 17007
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1130013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi1310225
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit140014
Interferon beta120012
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 110011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-11310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta1310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-21310225
Glutamate receptor 2141015
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-51310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-31310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-11310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-21310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-41310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-31310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-61310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-11310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-31310225
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-21310225
TAR DNA-binding protein 437007
GABA theta subunit1310225
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1110011
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 56006
Ataxin-2110011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon1310225
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial110011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
Chain A, Cruzipain4004
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit6006
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4140014
IDH16006
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 16006
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 13003
snurportin-13003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0909
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0909
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1013821
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-109211
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2012719
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3012416
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5010616
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3010414
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2010515
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2011617
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-409211
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0909
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6010212
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10909
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30909
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0909
Chain A, Ferritin light chain5005
Luciferase5005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)4004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 26006
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a3003
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 14004
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 120103
Carbonic anhydrase 10305
Carbonic anhydrase 20317
Carbonic anhydrase 30102
Carbonic anhydrase 40204
Carbonic anhydrase 60103
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0103
Carbonic anhydrase 70103
Solute carrier family 12 member 20101
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 173003
Carbonic anhydrase 90103
Carbonic anhydrase 130103
Carbonic anhydrase 140103
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0103
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase110011
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30303
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20426
Potassium channel subfamily K member 90101
15-lipoxygenase, partial4004
phosphopantetheinyl transferase8008
GLS protein100010
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)7007
progesterone receptor140014
67.9K protein4004
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma110011
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor100010
mitogen-activated protein kinase 16006
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)9009
peripheral myelin protein 22130013
survival motor neuron protein isoform d7007
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 12002
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10314
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A0101
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 10101
Cytochrome P450 1A20203
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10404
Cannabinoid receptor 2 0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma4004
Spike glycoprotein171220
D(2) dopamine receptor012214
Inositol monophosphatase 17007
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10101
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 20101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10214
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 40112
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20112
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase 150102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0326
cytochrome P450 2D6150015
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d120012
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0326
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0303
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Cytochrome P450 3A40608
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C011012
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor014217
Cytochrome P450 2D60909
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0909
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0303
D(2) dopamine receptor012115
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A011011
Insulin receptor 0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor012114
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor09212
D0909
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A012113
D(1A) dopamine receptor0506
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0909
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A018018
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0808
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0606
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor1304
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B010010
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter016218
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70303
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0415
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20314
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0415
D(3) dopamine receptor011114
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0707
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B016016
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0326
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40314
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0505
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0606
Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0316
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0808
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0326
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0326
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1020020
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0707
Heparanase0011
Chain A, CHIMERA OF IG KAPPA CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain B, CHIMERA OF IG GAMMA-1 CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain H, Fab M82G2, Heavy chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82G2, Light chain0011
Chain H, Fab M82g2, Heavy Chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82g2, Light Chain0011
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0202
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
Liver carboxylesterase 10002
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 014216
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0809
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0506
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0506
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0506
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0506
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 09110
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0202
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0202
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0506
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0506
Leukotriene B4 receptor 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0506
Transporter08110
Glutamate receptor 10101
Glutamate receptor 30101
Glutamate receptor 40101
Substance-P receptor0415
Thrombopoietin4004
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA4004
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1140014
endonuclease IV3003
EWS/FLI fusion protein110011
LMP1 [Human herpesvirus 4]0002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a4004
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0202
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 18008
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0202
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0202
Thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0101
Thymidine kinase0101
Thymidylate synthase0203
Thymidine kinase0101
Deoxycytidine kinase0001
Probable deoxycytidylate deaminase0001
Cytidine deaminase0102
D(1A) dopamine receptor6107
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm20101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] 0101
Thymidine kinase0101
Deoxynucleoside kinase0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor 0011
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a5005
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor3003
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0112
Mu-type opioid receptor013620
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0101
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 10001
Albumin0225
Albumin0044
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB108011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10406
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-416210
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30406
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21529
Translocator protein0315
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Translocator protein0101
Translocator protein0202
Cholecystokinin receptor type A1203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70438
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a7007
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)100010
heat shock protein beta-15005
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1010010
Histamine H1 receptor012214
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 13003
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
Alpha-synuclein2002
lethal factor (plasmid)3003
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0314
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0314
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0314
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0314
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0101
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
D(4) dopamine receptor0619
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0618
Delta-type opioid receptor08210
Mu-type opioid receptor09312
Kappa-type opioid receptor0426
Delta-type opioid receptor011214
Kappa-type opioid receptor0516
Kappa-type opioid receptor011315
Mu-type opioid receptor0304
Mu-type opioid receptor0628
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10606
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10606
flap endonuclease 16006
Bile salt export pump0202
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease6006
caspase-36006
Caspase-72002
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
caspase-32002
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor3003
ras-related protein Rab-9A3003
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter0202
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0202
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0404
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 10101
Cytochrome P450 2C190102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60606
Cytochrome P450 2J20404
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor 0101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20404
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Transporter0202
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Histamine H3 receptor0325
Fumarate hydratase3003
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
PPM1D protein3003
NADPH oxidase 10101
polyprotein3003
Snq2p0002
Spike glycoprotein0123
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0123
M-phase phosphoprotein 83003
Transmembrane protease serine 20123
Epidermal growth factor receptor0202
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 10101
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Integrin beta-33003
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Procathepsin L0224
Integrin alpha-IIb3003
Replicase polyprotein 1a0123
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0123
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0123
Adenosine receptor A30202
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0224
Androgen receptor0101
Substance-K receptor0404
D(1B) dopamine receptor0304
Histamine H2 receptor0729
Trypanothione reductase0202
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs0204
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0123
nonstructural protein 11001
farnesoid X nuclear receptor6006
Adenylate cyclase type 1 0101
Cocaine esterase0303
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B3003
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90103
Major prion protein0022
Vitamin D-binding protein0101
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0011
Integrin beta-10101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Integrin alpha-40101
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 10001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70203
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0707
D(2) dopamine receptor0303
Adenylate cyclase type 30101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40103
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0303
Adenosine receptor A10203
D(1B) dopamine receptor0606
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0101
Adenylate cyclase type 20101
Adenylate cyclase type 40101
D(4) dopamine receptor0606
Histamine H1 receptor0516
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0303
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0404
Adenylate cyclase type 80101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0101
AP-2 complex subunit sigma0101
N-acetyltransferase Eis0202
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Adenylate cyclase type 60101
Adenylate cyclase type 50101
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0505
Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor0101
Genome polyprotein 0202
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Zinc finger protein 6640101
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
Protease 0202
Adenylyl cyclase 7 0101
D0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0404
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0505
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0303
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0202
activating transcription factor 65005
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)0011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator0001
GALC protein2002
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B4004
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 30001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20203
Solute carrier family 22 member 30304
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0001
Histamine H1 receptor0123
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50112
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Histamine N-methyltransferase 0101
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10304
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0101
Envelope glycoprotein0011
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10303
Chain A, membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase-20101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase2002
interleukin 83003
SMAD family member 23003
SMAD family member 33003
Parkin1001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)3003
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 13003
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase0101
Prostaglandin E synthase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0102
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0102
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0202
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20101
Phospholipase A2, major isoenzyme0101
Interleukin-80101
Androgen receptor0011
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0102
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10404
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Caspase-10001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0101
Substance-P receptor0202
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20404
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30404
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0102
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 20101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0404
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 30101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30102
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Lactoylglutathione lyase0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20102
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60102
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0101
Rho-associated protein kinase 20101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 90101
P2Y purinoceptor 120101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30203
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma0101
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 20112
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20516
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70437
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Cholinesterase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 180101
inositol monophosphatase 11001
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0112
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX122002
Menin0101
Nociceptin receptor0101
Calmodulin 0112
Angiopoietin-1 receptor0011
Kappa-type opioid receptor0203
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
dopamine D1 receptor1001
ClpP2002
Thymidylate synthase 0101
Thymidylate synthase 0101
DNA polymerase eta isoform 12002
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
Toll-like receptor 40101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30102
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Thymidylate synthase0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10011
Thymidylate synthase0202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0224
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Folate receptor beta0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Folate receptor alpha0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Histidine decarboxylase0112
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20011
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC0202
Reduced folate transporter0202
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0202
Caspase-71001
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Pteridine reductase 10101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Proton-coupled folate transporter0101
Multidrug resistance associated protein0102
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20001
Chain E, Fibrin beta chain0101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
T cell receptor, partial1001
luteinizing hormone receptor1001
integrase, partial0101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase0001
TSHR protein1001
Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 10101
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
Smad32002
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial1001
luciferase1001
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a1001
neutrophil cytosol factor 10101
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
caspase-9 isoform alpha precursor0101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
caspase-3 isoform a preproprotein0101
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
Vpr2002
replicative DNA helicase0001
recombinase A0011
POsterior Segregation0011
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Glutathione reductase0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0102
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain1001
Albumin0001
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0102
Microtubule-associated protein tau0112
Cruzipain0101
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0102
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 0102
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
Myeloperoxidase0101
Lactoperoxidase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0101
D-amino-acid oxidase0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-10022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-20011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
60 kDa chaperonin0101
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Adenosine receptor A10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80002
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40213
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0314
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30225
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0314
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0314
Cytochrome P450 2A60213
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20225
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30225
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40225
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50225
Cytochrome P450 2A50101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-like 20202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40314
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30415
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60225
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-90225
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40415
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70303
Acetylcholine-binding protein0112
Acetylcholine receptor subunit epsilon0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30112
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0314
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60112
Cytochrome P450 2A130112
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50202
Liver carboxylesterase B-10101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Soluble acetylcholine receptor0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20213
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-100225
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60202
Integrin beta0011
Glycoprotein IIb0011
Hsf1 protein0011
estrogen receptor beta isoform 10101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Nischarin0101
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10202
Substance-P receptor0202
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Substance-K receptor0112
Neuromedin-K receptor0112
Substance-K receptor0101
Substance-K receptor0101
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 10011
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X20011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-10011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]