fomesafen and Ache

Topics: HIV Infections; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Pain; Parkinson Disease; Postural Balance; Reflex; Spinal Cord Injuries; Stroke

Topics: Central Nervous System Sensitization; Humans; Nociception; Pain; Perceptual Defense; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; Blood-Brain Barrier; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Neuroimmunomodulation; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Facial Expression; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics; Animals; Humans; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Conditioning, Psychological; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord Injuries; Translational Research, Biomedical

Topics: Animals; Humans; Learning; Motor Activity; Pain; Reflex; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord

Topics: Cough; Humans; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Reflex; TRPV Cation Channels

Topics: Cluster Headache; Cornea; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Chemoreceptor Cells; Esophagogastric Junction; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Mechanoreceptors; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Pain; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells; Sensory Thresholds; Stomach

Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Animals; Humans; Ischemia; Pain; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Sympathetic Nervous System

Topics: Central Nervous System; Humans; Neural Pathways; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Reflex; Urinary Tract; Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena; Urination; Urination Disorders

Topics: Databases, Factual; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Psychomotor Agitation; Reflex

Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Brain; Efferent Pathways; Humans; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Pain Measurement; Proprioception; Reflex; Task Performance and Analysis

Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Case-Control Studies; Central Nervous System Sensitization; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Reflex; Research Design; Whiplash Injuries

Topics: Animals; Imprinting, Psychological; Muscle, Skeletal; Nerve Net; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Electrophysiology; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Microelectrodes; Muscles; Nerve Fibers; Neurons, Efferent; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vascular Resistance; Vasoconstriction

Topics: Animals; Feedback; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Pain; Perception; Rats; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells; Sleep

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Movement; Muscle, Skeletal; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Central Nervous System Diseases; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Neural Conduction; Neurologic Examination; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Reflex; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Female; Fetal Therapies; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Pain; Perception; Pregnancy; Reflex

Topics: Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Humans; Lower Extremity; Muscle Contraction; Nerve Fibers; Nervous System Diseases; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Pain Management; Reaction Time; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Athletic Injuries; Child; Gait; Hip Injuries; Humans; Medical History Taking; Pain; Pain Measurement; Palpation; Physical Examination; Posture; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Range of Motion, Articular; Reflex; Sports Medicine

Topics: Electromyography; Facial Muscles; Humans; Jaw; Mastication; Masticatory Muscles; Pain; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Cough; Dyspnea; Humans; Neural Pathways; Pain; Perception; Psychophysics; Quality of Life; Reflex

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Body Patterning; Cell Differentiation; Cilia; Drosophila; Drosophila Proteins; Female; Hearing; Ion Transport; Male; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Models, Biological; Mutagenesis; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Reflex; Sense Organs; Touch; TRPC Cation Channels

Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Foot; Humans; Models, Neurological; Neural Pathways; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Pain Measurement; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Blood Circulation; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Pain; Pressoreceptors; Reflex; Stress, Physiological; Vascular Resistance

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Chronic Disease; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Endorphins; Humans; Hypnosis; Nervous System; Pain; Pain Management; Periaqueductal Gray; Placebos; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Reflex; Substance P; Thalamus

Topics: Acute Disease; Anesthesia, Epidural; Behavior Therapy; Child; Chronic Disease; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Endorphins; Humans; Male; Narcotics; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Raphe Nuclei; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spine; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Animals; Axonal Transport; Axons; Capsaicin; Cholecystokinin; Edema; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Ganglia, Spinal; Nerve Degeneration; Nerve Fibers; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Sensation; Substance P

Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Volume; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Circadian Rhythm; Feedback; Humans; Light; Neurons; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Hemodynamics; Humans; Meperidine; Morphine; Narcotics; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Rabbits; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Respiratory Insufficiency; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Brain; Cats; Evoked Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Membrane Potentials; Movement; Muscles; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Periodicity; Peripheral Nerves; Posture; Potassium; Ranidae; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Aged; Aging; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Medical History Taking; Middle Aged; Pain; Physical Examination; Reflex

Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Brain; Diet; Hydroxydopamines; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Neurotoxins; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Serotonin

Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Neurokinin A; Neurons; Pain; Receptors, Neurokinin-2; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Substance P

Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Humans; Joint Diseases; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Endorphins; Headache; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Serotonin

Topics: Animals; Hindlimb; Neuropeptides; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Brain; Humans; Methods; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Pain; Perception; Reflex; Sensation

Topics: Animals; Humans; Kidney Pelvis; Muscle, Smooth; Neuropeptides; Pain; Reflex; Ureter

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cats; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Ion Transport; Models, Neurological; Morphine; Nerve Fibers; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuralgia; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons, Afferent; Neuropeptides; Nociceptors; Pain; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission; Viscera

Topics: Analgesia; Child Development; Homeostasis; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Infant, Newborn; Nervous System; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Safety; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Foot Diseases; Hoof and Claw; Lameness, Animal; Pain; Physical Examination; Reflex

Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Animals; Brain; Cytokines; Humans; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Jaw; Masseter Muscle; Motor Neurons; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesia; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Diagnostic Imaging; Environmental Exposure; Fibromyalgia; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Hypnosis; Multiple Chemical Sensitivity; Neural Pathways; Neuralgia; Pain; Perception; Placebo Effect; Reflex; Somatosensory Cortex; Thalamus

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biological Evolution; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Fever; Humans; Hypothalamus; Mammals; Models, Neurological; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord; Thermoreceptors

Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Bradykinin; Ear; Humans; Models, Biological; Nociceptors; Pain; Phospholipases; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Reflex

Topics: Asthma; Barotrauma; Central Nervous System; Decompression Sickness; Diving; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Ear Diseases; Embolism, Air; Extremities; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Inert Gas Narcosis; Lung; Male; Migraine Disorders; Myocardial Infarction; Osteonecrosis; Oxygen; Pain; Physical Examination; Physical Fitness; Pneumothorax; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Embolism; Reflex; Skin; Unconsciousness; Vision, Ocular

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bradykinin; Carrageenan; Dogs; Edema; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Hydroxy Acids; Inflammation; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Pain; Peroxides; Phospholipases; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Pyrans; Rabbits; Rats; Reflex

Topics: Anal Canal; Fecal Incontinence; Humans; Neural Pathways; Pain; Rectum; Reflex; Sensation; Sensory Receptor Cells; Thermosensing; Touch

Topics: Animals; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Evoked Potentials; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Raphe Nuclei; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord

Topics: Electrophysiology; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Reference Values; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Cats; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Hypoglossal Nerve; Jaw; Models, Neurological; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Substance P; Trigeminal Nerve

Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Electrophysiology; Nerve Net; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Rats; Reflex

Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Injections, Spinal; Norepinephrine; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tachyphylaxis

Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Humans; Mandible; Masticatory Muscles; Motor Neurons; Movement; Pain; Reflex; Sensation

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Operant; Female; Food; Macaca; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Reinforcement, Psychology; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Cats; Dental Pulp; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Escape Reaction; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Haplorhini; Humans; Masticatory Muscles; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Dogs; Heart; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Pain; Reflex; Shock, Cardiogenic; Shock, Septic; Shock, Traumatic; Sympathetic Nervous System

Topics: Abdomen; Acoustic Stimulation; Aphasia; Automatism; Brain; Child; Electroencephalography; Emotions; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Language Disorders; Pain; Photic Stimulation; Reflex; Syndrome

Topics: Arousal; Auditory Perception; Behavior; Brain; Consciousness; Crying; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Electrooculography; Eye Movements; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Motor Activity; Orientation; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Posture; Proprioception; Reflex; Reflex, Startle; Respiration; Sensation; Sleep; Sleep Stages; Vestibule, Labyrinth; Visual Perception; Wakefulness

Topics: Age Factors; Analgesics; Animals; Aspirin; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroshock; Hot Temperature; Methods; Mice; Nalorphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pain; Pressure; Rats; Reaction Time; Reflex; Sex Factors; Spasm; Species Specificity; Tail; Time Factors; Vocalization, Animal

Topics: Aggression; Animals; Conditioning, Classical; Humans; Mice; Pain; Rats; Reflex

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Reflex

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Humans; Nociception; Pain; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Reflex; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Antitussive Agents; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Conscious Sedation; Cough; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fentanyl; Gagging; Gastroscopy; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Propofol; Prospective Studies; Reflex; Research Design; Tetrahydronaphthalenes; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Analgesia; Autonomic Nervous System; Conditioning, Classical; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Nociception; Pain; Placebo Effect; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Male; Middle Aged; Nociception; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Acids; Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Benzocaine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Duodenum; Dyspepsia; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Manometry; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Smooth; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Stomach

Topics: Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Male; Nausea; Pain; Photic Stimulation; Piperidines; Pupil; Reflex; Remifentanil; Sleep Stages; Visual Acuity; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Conditioning, Psychological; Cross-Over Studies; Electromyography; Humans; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Perception; Reflex; Unconscious, Psychology; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Citalopram; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Reflex; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Skin; Spinal Nerves

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cold Temperature; Conditioning, Psychological; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nociception; Pain; Psychophysics; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Afferent Pathways; Analgesics; Cannabinoids; Central Nervous System; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Dronabinol; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive; Neural Conduction; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Placebos; Reaction Time; Reflex; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Acepromazine; Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Horses; Imidazoles; Male; Pain; Reflex; Time Factors; Xylazine

Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Nerve Net; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Spine; Young Adult

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Sublingual; Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Migraine without Aura; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitroglycerin; Nociceptors; Pain; Placebos; Psychophysics; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Leg; Male; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Pain Management; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Aging; Conditioning, Psychological; Female; Genotype; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pressure; Reflex; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Adolescent; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Factors; Skin; Statistics as Topic; Sural Nerve; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biophysics; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Female; Forearm; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Growth Factor; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Sweating; Swine

Topics: Arousal; Breathing Exercises; Electric Stimulation; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Respiration; Statistics as Topic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Bradykinin; Capsaicin; Dinoprostone; Electric Stimulation; Female; Histamine; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Microdialysis; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peroneal Nerve; Pruritus; Psychophysics; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Serotonin; Skin; Sympathetic Nervous System

Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Indoles; Middle Aged; Pain; Pressure; Rectum; Reflex; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sensory Thresholds; Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cold Temperature; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Male; Middle Aged; Nociceptors; Pain; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Physical Stimulation; Pressure; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Male; Middle Aged; Nociceptors; Outpatients; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Quality of Life; Reflex; Self Care; Sickness Impact Profile; Surveys and Questionnaires

Topics: Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Joint Diseases; Knee Joint; Leg; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Prospective Studies; Reaction Time; Reflex

Topics: Adult; alpha-Galactosidase; Axons; Body Temperature Regulation; Double-Blind Method; Fabry Disease; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Conduction; Neurologic Examination; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peripheral Nerves; Reflex; Sensation; Sweating; Vibration

Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Diastole; Electromyography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Neck; Nociceptors; Pain; Pressoreceptors; Reflex; Systole

Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Reflex; Skin; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Upper Extremity; Vibration

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Conditioning, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Neural Inhibition; Neuropsychological Tests; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Psychophysics; Random Allocation; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Statistics, Nonparametric

Topics: Acrolein; Adult; Axons; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Ion Channels; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Male; Menthol; Neoplasm Proteins; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Time Factors; TRPM Cation Channels; Vasodilation

Topics: Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Dopamine Agents; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Face; Female; Head Movements; Humans; Levodopa; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Parkinson Disease; Reaction Time; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Sex Characteristics

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Arm; Biomechanical Phenomena; Electromyography; Escape Reaction; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Movement; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reaction Time; Reflex; Rest

Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Horses; Isoflurane; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Consciousness; Dogs; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Migraine Disorders; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Reflex; Tension-Type Headache

Topics: Adult; Dyspnea; Electric Stimulation; H-Reflex; Humans; Male; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System; Phrenic Nerve; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Butorphanol; Consciousness; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Forelimb; Horses; Male; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Cyclooxygenase 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Isoxazoles; Male; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Conditioning, Psychological; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Feedback, Psychological; Female; Humans; Jaw; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Photic Stimulation; Reflex; Stress, Psychological

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Piperidines; Propofol; Prospective Studies; Reflex; Remifentanil

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Horses; Ketamine; Male; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Female; Forearm; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Southeastern United States; White People

Topics: Analgesia; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Male; Pain; Prazepam; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Skin; Tilidine

Topics: Adult; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Reflex; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Azepines; Benzimidazoles; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Nociceptors; Oxazepines; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Analgesics; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Ketamine; Lasers; N-Methylaspartate; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Placebos; Pressure; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Sural Nerve

Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Humans; Leg; Male; Motor Neurons; Muscle, Skeletal; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Posture; Reflex; Skin Physiological Phenomena

Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Isoflurane; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Sural Nerve

Topics: Adult; Afferent Pathways; Blood Pressure; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Jaw; Male; Masseter Muscle; Nerve Endings; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Reaction Time; Reference Values; Reflex; Stress, Mechanical; Temporal Muscle

Topics: Adult; Electromyography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Jaw; Male; Masseter Muscle; Motor Neurons; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Reflex; Stress, Psychological

Topics: Action Potentials; Adolescent; Adult; Conditioning, Operant; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Recruitment, Neurophysiological; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Sural Nerve

Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cold Temperature; Cross-Over Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Threshold; Pressure; Reference Values; Reflex; Sparteine; Tramadol

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials; Foot; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Posture; Reaction Time; Reference Values; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Face; Female; Humans; Jaw; Lasers; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Nociceptors; Pain; Photic Stimulation; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Physical Stimulation; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots

Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Nefopam; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Recruitment, Neurophysiological; Reflex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Axons; Female; Forearm; Humans; Hyperemia; Iontophoresis; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Norepinephrine; Pain; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Skin; Sodium Chloride; Sympathomimetics

Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Pain; Pain Management; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Tomography, Emission-Computed

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electromyography; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Motor Neurons; Pain; Reflex; Regression Analysis

Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Ketamine; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Recruitment, Neurophysiological; Reflex; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Axons; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Female; Gels; Humans; Injections, Intradermal; Lidocaine; Male; Melitten; Middle Aged; Pain; Reflex; Skin Temperature; Thermography; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Aged; Axons; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Keratinocytes; Leprosy; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Growth Factors; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Reflex; Skin; Sodium Channels; Thiolester Hydrolases; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Vasodilation

Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Central Nervous System; Ketamine; Pain; Posture; Propofol; Rabbits; Reflex; Thiopental

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; beta-Endorphin; Humans; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Pain; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Attention; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Reflex; Spine

Topics: Adult; Axons; Blood Proteins; Bradykinin; Erythema; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Histamine; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Microdialysis; Nociceptors; Pain; Psychophysics; Reflex; Serotonin; Skin

Topics: Adult; Cold Temperature; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pressure; Reflex; Sural Nerve

Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Reflex; Sensation; Spasm; Spinal Cord Diseases; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eyelashes; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Masks; Pain; Preanesthetic Medication; Propofol; Reflex

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Anesthetics, Local; Bloodletting; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Crying; Drug Combinations; Humans; Infant; Lidocaine; Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; Pain; Prilocaine; Reflex; Surface Properties; Time Factors

Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Evaluation; Muscles; Pain; Paraplegia; Proprioception; Reflex; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Conditioning, Operant; Electric Stimulation; Female; Heart Rate; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Respiration; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Humans; Hyperalgesia; Hyperesthesia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Pain; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Bupivacaine; Electromyography; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Knee Joint; Male; Menisci, Tibial; Middle Aged; Muscles; Pain; Postoperative Complications; Reflex; Reflex, Abnormal

Topics: Adult; Analgesia; Diazepam; Differential Threshold; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Electroshock; Female; Foot; Humans; Male; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Analgesics; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Audiovisual Aids; Behavior; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gold; Humans; Methods; Pain; Penicillamine; Phenyl Ethers; Propionates; Psychological Tests; Reflex; Terminology as Topic

Topics: Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Humans; Pain; Placebos; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Carbamazepine; Dibenzazepines; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Pain; Phenytoin; Placebos; Reflex; Spasm

Topics: American Indian or Alaska Native; Humans; Nociception; Oklahoma; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Cold Temperature; Humans; Pain; Pupil; Reflex; Reflex, Pupillary; Water

Topics: Graphite; Humans; Neurons; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Electroacupuncture; Jaw; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Laser-Evoked Potentials; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Pain; Reflex; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Neuralgia

Topics: Electric Stimulation; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Perception; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Analgesia; Critical Illness; Deep Sedation; Delirium; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Mortality; Nociceptive Pain; Pain; Reflex; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Animals; Ankyrins; Cytokines; Hypothermia; Hypothermia, Induced; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Mice; Nerve Fibers; Pain; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; TRPA1 Cation Channel; Vagus Nerve

Topics: Electric Stimulation; Humans; Magnetoencephalography; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Bacteriuria; Female; Humans; Outpatients; Pain; Reflex; Urinalysis; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Conditioning, Classical; Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Control; Female; Humans; Male; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Young Adult

Topics: Humans; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Skin; TRPV Cation Channels

Topics: Animals; Crustacea; Nociception; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Brain Injuries; Case-Control Studies; Critical Illness; Deep Sedation; Female; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Middle Aged; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Predictive Value of Tests; Proof of Concept Study; Prospective Studies; Pupil; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results; Suction

Topics: Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Cold Temperature; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Pain; Pain Perception; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Efferent Pathways; Electromyography; Electroshock; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Pyramidal Tracts; Reflex; Self Report; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Volition; Young Adult

Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Behavioral Symptoms; Brain; Capsaicin; Cough; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neural Pathways; Pain; Reflex; Respiratory System; Sensory System Agents

Topics: Adult; Blinking; Central Nervous System; Cold Temperature; Dopamine; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Lasers; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Neurons; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Touch

Topics: Adult; American Indian or Alaska Native; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Neural Inhibition; Nociception; Nociceptive Pain; Oklahoma; Pain; Psychological Trauma; Reflex; Risk Factors; Spinal Cord; White People

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Brain Mapping; Face; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Nociception; Nociceptors; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Skull; Tail

Topics: Blinking; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Male; Mechanoreceptors; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nociceptors; Optogenetics; Pain; Postsynaptic Potential Summation; Reflex; Touch

Topics: Anesthesia, General; Consciousness Monitors; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Pain; Propofol; Reflex

Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Benzoquinones; Calcium; Capsaicin; Cell Death; Cysteine; Ganglia, Spinal; HEK293 Cells; Hepatocytes; Humans; Imines; Intracellular Space; Ion Channel Gating; Male; Metabolome; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pain; Phosphorylation; Reducing Agents; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Skin; TRPV Cation Channels

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations; Disability Evaluation; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gait; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Recovery of Function; Reflex; Retrospective Studies; Sacrum; Thoracic Vertebrae; Treatment Outcome; Urination

Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Computer Simulation; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Models, Theoretical; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Young Adult

Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Brain Stem; Inflammation; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Female; Forehead; Functional Laterality; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Male; Middle Aged; Nociception; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Psychophysics; Reflex; Skin; Ultraviolet Rays; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes, Implanted; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Urination

Topics: Animals; Cyclohexanes; Electric Stimulation; Female; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Pain; Piperazines; Pudendal Nerve; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Urinary Bladder

Topics: Animals; Electromyography; Male; Muscles; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Rocuronium

Topics: Aging; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Male; Pain; Pain Threshold; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Pregnanolone; Progesterone; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Young Adult

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Female; Forelimb; Male; Motor Cortex; Nociception; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sensorimotor Cortex; Sensory Receptor Cells; Somatosensory Cortex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Discrimination Learning; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Hypothalamus; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Proof of Concept Study; Reflex; Tears; Trigeminal Nerve

Topics: Action Potentials; Amygdala; Animals; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Pain; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results; Spine; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Vocalization, Animal

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attention; Cognition; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Manometry; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Middle Aged; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biophysical Phenomena; Electric Stimulation; Female; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Young Adult

Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Inflammation; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Adenosine A1; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Ibuprofen; Inflammation; Knee Joint; Male; Naproxen; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Arousal; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Indians, North American; Male; Middle Aged; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Photic Stimulation; Reflex; Spinal Cord; White People

Topics: Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Levodopa; Lower Extremity; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple System Atrophy; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Parkinson Disease; Psychophysics; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Arousal; Cues; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Empathy; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Perception; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adolescent; Adult; Amygdala; Conditioning, Classical; Cues; Electric Stimulation; Facial Muscles; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Neural Inhibition; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Urinary Bladder

Topics: Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Axons; Cystitis, Interstitial; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Middle Aged; Pain; Prospective Studies; Reflex; Tilt-Table Test; Urinary Bladder Diseases; Valsalva Maneuver

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Amygdala; Analgesics; Animals; Arthritis; Carrageenan; Disease Models, Animal; Hyperalgesia; Kaolin; Knee Joint; Male; Maze Learning; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Vocalization, Animal

Topics: Adult; Brain Stem; Caffeine; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Perception; Reflex; Smoking; Young Adult

Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, General; Consciousness Monitors; Dyskinesias; Electroencephalography; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Intraoperative Awareness; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngeal Masks; Laryngoscopy; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Nociception; Pain; Piperidines; Propofol; Reflex; Remifentanil; Unconsciousness

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Pain; Reflex; Tears; Urination

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Young Adult

Topics: Female; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Pain; Reflex; Tears; Urination

Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Conditioning, Operant; Disease Models, Animal; Ganglia, Spinal; Hindlimb; Membrane Potentials; NAV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Neurons; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Sodium Channel Blockers; Spinal Cord Injuries; Tetrodotoxin; Transduction, Genetic; Up-Regulation

Topics: Animals; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Perception; Peptide Fragments; Periaqueductal Gray; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Random Allocation; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Somatostatin; Valine; Vocalization, Animal

Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Carrageenan; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Fentanyl; Inflammation; Male; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Psychophysics; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results; Sensory Deprivation; Skin; Time Factors; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Muscle, Skeletal; Nociception; Pain; Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid; Reflex; Spinal Cord Compression; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Adalimumab; Animals; Antirheumatic Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Electrodes, Implanted; Electromyography; Etanercept; Foot; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Osmotic Pressure; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Nerves; Subcutaneous Tissue; Thigh

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Heart Rate; Hot Temperature; Male; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Management; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord; Touch

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Biophysics; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Complex Regional Pain Syndromes; Dystonia; Female; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Models, Biological; Muscle Weakness; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pain; Range of Motion, Articular; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Tremor

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Management; Reflex; Relaxation Therapy; Spinal Cord; Young Adult

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breath Holding; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Young Adult

Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple System Atrophy; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Parkinson Disease; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Flavonoids; Male; Neurons; Nociception; Pain; Pain Threshold; Phosphorylation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Reflex; Time Factors; Tongue; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus; Xerostomia

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Anomura; Avoidance Learning; Electroshock; Odorants; Pain; Predatory Behavior; Reflex

Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Consciousness; Dogs; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Male; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Pregnanediones; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Extremities; Interneurons; Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mutation; Neural Pathways; Pain; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells; Spinal Cord; Transcription Factors; Walking

Topics: Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Neck; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Arthritis; Benzoxazines; Carrageenan; Disease Models, Animal; Hormone Antagonists; Indoles; Kaolin; Male; Maze Learning; Microdialysis; Pain; Piperidines; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Oxytocin; Receptors, Vasopressin; Reflex; Vocalization, Animal

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Middle Aged; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Residence Characteristics; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Action Potentials; Acute Pain; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Ganglia, Spinal; Immunohistochemistry; Mechanoreceptors; Mice; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neurons; Nociception; Nociceptive Pain; Nociceptors; Optogenetics; Pain; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Postsynaptic Potential Summation; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; Reflex; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Touch

Topics: Adult; Blinking; Electric Stimulation; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Trigeminal Nerve

Topics: Aging; Animals; Dopamine; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Pain; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D3; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Denervation; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Functional Laterality; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Sciatic Nerve; Synaptic Transmission; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal; Vasoconstriction

Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Arthritis; Behavior, Animal; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzoates; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glycine; Kaolin; Male; Maze Learning; Microdialysis; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Reflex

Topics: Axons; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Humans; Lasers; Motor Neurons; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neuralgia; Neurologic Examination; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autonomic Nervous System; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Dementia; Electric Stimulation; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Male; Movement; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Predictive Value of Tests; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results

Topics: Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Electromyography; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Hindlimb; Male; Nitric Oxide; Nitroprusside; Pain; Pain Measurement; Procaine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Vasculitis; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Fingers; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Male; Movement; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Random Allocation; Reaction Time; Reflex; Upper Extremity

Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Reaction Time; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Touch; Young Adult

Topics: Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex; Trauma, Nervous System

Topics: Adult; Arm; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Mechanoreceptors; Movement; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Physical Exertion; Pulmonary Ventilation; Reflex

Topics: Action Potentials; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Jejunum; Mice; Models, Biological; Pain; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Reflex; Reflex, Stretch; Thiazoles; Urinary Bladder; Urination

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzoxazines; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists; Hot Temperature; Male; Morpholines; Naphthalenes; Neural Inhibition; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Synaptic Potentials; Tail; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Capsaicin; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Enzyme Inhibitors; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Male; Masseter Muscle; Mastication; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Phosphorylation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Up-Regulation

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Touch; Trigeminal Nerve; White People; Young Adult

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Afferent Pathways; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Electrophysiology; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neck Muscles; Nociceptors; Pain; Purines; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Reflex; Tension-Type Headache

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biomechanical Phenomena; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Foot; Heel; Humans; Leg; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Reflex; Walking; Young Adult

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Electroshock; GABA Agonists; Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Movement; Muscimol; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reflex; Tail; Vocalization, Animal

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl; Male; Morphine; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Phrenic Nerve; Piperazines; Pulmonary Ventilation; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists; Serotonin Antagonists; Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Topics: Adult; Dental Occlusion; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Pain; Prosthodontics; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Stomatognathic System; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Brain Stem; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Immunohistochemistry; Neural Pathways; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Psychological Tests; Reference Values; Reflex; Regression Analysis; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Exercise; Female; Health; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music; Pain; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results; Rest; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Electric Stimulation; Interleukin-1beta; Neuroglia; Neuroprotective Agents; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Xanthines

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics; Chronic Disease; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Headache Disorders; Headache Disorders, Secondary; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine without Aura; Nociceptors; Pain; Psychophysics; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Trigeminal Nerve; Young Adult

Topics: Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Electromyography; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Proprioception; Reflex; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surveys and Questionnaires

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Electromyography; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Feasibility Studies; Hindlimb; Lower Extremity; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Psychological Tests; Reflex; Sex Characteristics; Young Adult

Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Electromyography; Male; Mecamylamine; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neural Pathways; Nicotinic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Nicotinic; Reflex; Trigeminal Nerve

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Movement; Nociceptors; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Rhizotomy; Spinal Cord; Time Factors

Topics: Aged; Deep Brain Stimulation; Eye Diseases; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypothalamus, Posterior; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Pain; Pain Management; Reflex; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Trigeminal Neuralgia

Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Autonomic Pathways; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glycine; Hot Temperature; Injections, Spinal; Lidocaine; Ligation; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microinjections; Motor Cortex; Pain; Pain Management; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Reflex; Resorcinols; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerves

Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Capsaicin; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Piperidines; Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 2; Reflex; Sciatica; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; TRPV Cation Channels

Topics: Adult; Analgesia; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cold Temperature; Electroshock; Evoked Potentials; Female; Foot; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neural Pathways; Pain; Reflex; Regression Analysis; Spinal Cord; Sural Nerve

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Animals; Colon; Evoked Potentials; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Mesencephalon; Movement; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Thalamic Nuclei

Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Capsaicin; Cold Temperature; Freund's Adjuvant; Hindlimb; Hot Temperature; Male; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Skin; TRPA1 Cation Channel; TRPC Cation Channels; TRPM Cation Channels

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Emotions; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Photic Stimulation; Reflex; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Cystitis; Enzyme Activation; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Female; Immunoglobulins; Injections, Intravenous; Pain; Phosphorylation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, trkB; Recombinant Proteins; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder, Overactive

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Conditioning, Psychological; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Perception; Reflex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Androstanols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pain; Piperidines; Reflex; Remifentanil; Rocuronium; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Jaw; Lip; Male; Masseter Muscle; Mastication; Middle Aged; Muscle Fatigue; Pain; Reaction Time; Reflex; Skin; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Chin; Differential Threshold; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Lip; Magnetics; Male; Masseter Muscle; Pain; Pain Threshold; Peripheral Nerves; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Sex Factors; Skin; Young Adult

Topics: Action Potentials; Analysis of Variance; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Capsaicin; Electric Stimulation; Lidocaine; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Trigeminal Ganglion; TRPV Cation Channels

Topics: Humans; Muscle Hypertonia; Muscle Tonus; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Emotions; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Neural Inhibition; Neuropsychological Tests; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Photic Stimulation; Premenstrual Syndrome; Pyramidal Tracts; Reference Values; Reflex; Young Adult

Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Central Nervous System; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Hot Temperature; Male; Microinjections; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nerve Net; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Phenylephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sample Size; Sural Nerve

Topics: Animals; Biophysical Phenomena; Dental Pulp; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Jaw; Male; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Somatosensory Cortex; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Brain; Brain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Motor Cortex; Pain; Pain Measurement; Perception; Reflex; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Sex Characteristics

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Diterpenes; Electric Stimulation; Functional Laterality; Hand Strength; Hot Temperature; Male; Neurotoxins; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Radio Waves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Electromyography; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Pain; Reflex; Tension-Type Headache

Topics: Adrenomedullin; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Central Nervous System; Ganglia, Spinal; Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neuropeptides; Organ Specificity; Pain; Pain Measurement; Receptors, Adrenomedullin; Receptors, Peptide; Reflex; Somatosensory Disorders; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Electric Stimulation; Female; Foot; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Regression Analysis; Skin; Statistics, Nonparametric

Topics: Humans; Neuritis; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Electromyography; Exercise; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Knee; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Exertion; Proprioception; Reflex; Time Factors; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Feedback, Physiological; Female; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Pain; Paresis; Reflex; Therapy, Computer-Assisted; Treatment Outcome; Weight-Bearing

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Neural Conduction; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Sural Nerve; Thoracic Vertebrae; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Female; Hot Temperature; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Norepinephrine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Serotonin; Sex Characteristics; Sodium Chloride; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Arousal; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Photic Stimulation; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Reaction Time; Reflex; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Sex Factors; Spinal Cord; Sural Nerve; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Biophysics; Catastrophization; Depression; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Models, Statistical; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Reflex; Regression Analysis; Sex Characteristics; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Action Potentials; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Conduction; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Reflex; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sensory Receptor Cells; Sural Nerve; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Deglutition; Humans; Interneurons; Jaw; Mastication; Motor Neurons; Muscle Spindles; Nerve Net; Pain; Periodicity; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells

Topics: Adult; Attention; Cognition; Efferent Pathways; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Perceptual Masking; Reflex; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Arginine; Brain Stem; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neck Muscles; Nerve Growth Factor; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Pain; Reflex; Tension-Type Headache

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cues; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Empathy; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Imagination; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Perception; Photic Stimulation; Psychophysics; Reflex; Regression Analysis; Sural Nerve; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Fixatives; Formaldehyde; Gene Expression Regulation; Ginsenosides; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Somatostatin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Parkinson Disease; Physical Stimulation; Psychophysics; Reflex; Severity of Illness Index; Spinal Cord

Topics: Acute Disease; Anesthesia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Cyclic P-Oxides; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Formaldehyde; Hyperalgesia; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intravenous; Lysophospholipids; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nociceptors; Pain; Phosphatidic Acids; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System; Temperature

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Electromyography; Electroshock; Fentanyl; Hot Temperature; Lasers; Male; Manometry; Narcotics; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Skin Temperature; Stress, Mechanical; Tail; Time Factors

Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Mutational Analysis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hand Strength; Hippocampus; Histidine; In Vitro Techniques; Larva; Locomotion; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Protein Binding; Reaction Time; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Rotarod Performance Test; Serine; Smell; Spinal Cord; Statistics, Nonparametric; Touch Perception; Trace Elements; Xenopus; Zinc

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Disease Progression; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Parkinson Disease; Reflex; Somatosensory Disorders; Spinal Cord; Surveys and Questionnaires

Topics: Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Nociception; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord; Time Factors; Young Adult

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Behavior, Animal; Capsaicin; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Freund's Adjuvant; Inflammation; Injections, Intradermal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pruritus; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Sensory System Agents; Skin; Time Factors; TRPV Cation Channels

Topics: Anxiety; Brain; Female; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Neural Pathways; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Female; Male; Microfilament Proteins; Microglia; Muscle, Skeletal; Neuroimmunomodulation; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Blinking; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Sural Nerve; Trigeminal Nerve

Topics: Acupuncture Points; Analgesia; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Electroacupuncture; Lidocaine; Male; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Sodium Chloride; Tail

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cold Temperature; Female; Freund's Adjuvant; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Morphine; Neuropeptide Y; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Amidohydrolases; Analgesics; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Neural Pathways; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Anxiety; Catastrophization; Female; Humans; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Young Adult

Topics: Electromyography; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Ischemia; Menstrual Cycle; Nociception; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pressure; Reflex; Skin; Women's Health

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Conditioning, Classical; Electric Countershock; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Perception; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Jaw; Male; Nociception; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Red Nucleus; Reflex

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Deep Brain Stimulation; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Antagonists; Functional Laterality; Hot Temperature; Indoles; Male; Motor Cortex; Motor Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Piperidines; Raclopride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Dopamine; Dopamine Agonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hyperalgesia; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Pain; Pain Threshold; Pregabalin; Reaction Time; Receptors, Dopamine D3; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots; Time Factors

Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Anesthesia; Animals; Autonomic Denervation; Blood Pressure; Estradiol; Female; Hindlimb; Ovary; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Acetophenones; Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Antioxidants; Axons; Cyclic N-Oxides; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; NADPH Oxidases; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nociceptors; Pain; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Skin; Spin Labels; Superoxides; Vasodilation; Xanthine Oxidase; Young Adult

Topics: Axons; Electric Stimulation; Electrodiagnosis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers; Neural Conduction; Neurologic Examination; Pain; Pain Threshold; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Peroneal Nerve; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Sural Nerve; Sweating; Sympathetic Nervous System; Thermosensing

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biofeedback, Psychology; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Nociception; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neural Pathways; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Tension-Type Headache; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Nuclei

Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Colon; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Rectum; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Visceral Afferents

Topics: Animals; Capsaicin; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Implants; Drug Tolerance; Extracellular Space; Male; Microdialysis; Microinjections; Morphine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Denervation; Functional Laterality; Hepatic Artery; Liver; Male; Mechanoreceptors; Nociceptors; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Skin; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic; Touch

Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Brain Mapping; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebellum; Colon; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; GABA Agonists; Homocysteine; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rectum; Reflex; Stereotaxic Techniques

Topics: Adult; Afferent Pathways; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Weakness; Muscle, Skeletal; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Torque

Topics: Adult; Blood Vessels; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Melitten; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Skin; Skin Temperature; Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation; Vasomotor System

Topics: Animals; Electromyography; Female; Horses; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Estrogens; Estrous Cycle; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Male; Masticatory Muscles; Muscle Contraction; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sex Characteristics; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Halothane; Immunohistochemistry; Isoflurane; Male; Pain; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Aging; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Area Under Curve; Castration; Electromyography; Functional Laterality; Jaw; Male; Masseter Muscle; Muscle, Skeletal; Mustard Plant; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Rats; Reflex; Temporomandibular Joint; Testosterone; Time Factors

Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Digestive System; Duodenal Obstruction; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Medulla Oblongata; Motor Neurons; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Pressure; Rats; Reaction Time; Reflex; Vagus Nerve; Visceral Afferents

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Electromyography; Formaldehyde; Hyperalgesia; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-6; Jaw; Male; Masticatory Muscles; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Reflex; Sialoglycoproteins

Topics: Animals; Decerebrate State; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Hindlimb; Mustard Plant; Pain; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Rabbits; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Capsaicin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Hot Temperature; Immunohistochemistry; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; N-Methylaspartate; Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; Nociceptin; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pressure; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Reflex; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Autonomic Nerve Block; Blood Pressure; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Electrocoagulation; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Incisor; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Lidocaine; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Pain; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Sympathectomy; Sympathetic Nervous System; Thoracoscopy; Vasodilation; Vasomotor System

Topics: Acetazolamide; Animals; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carbonic Anhydrases; Ethoxzolamide; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Spinal; Male; Midazolam; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pentobarbital; Propofol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Bicuculline; Cats; Efferent Pathways; Female; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycine; Locomotion; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Glycine; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Spinal Nerve Roots; Strychnine; Synaptic Transmission; Tegmentum Mesencephali; Vasoconstriction

Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cannabinoids; Demyelinating Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Administration Routes; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Ganglia, Spinal; Immunohistochemistry; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mononeuropathies; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neurons, Afferent; Neuropeptide Y; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Sciatic Nerve; Sodium Channels

Topics: Adult; Autopsy; Death; Embalming; Female; Funeral Rites; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Medieval; Humans; Male; Pain; Postmortem Changes; Reflex; Resuscitation

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bites and Stings; Bradykinin; Corticosterone; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epoprostenol; Formaldehyde; Immobilization; Male; Mice; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peripheral Nervous System; Prostaglandins F; Reflex; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stress, Physiological; Substance P

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Probability; Reaction Time; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Spinal; Animals; History, 20th Century; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pain; Rats; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Consciousness; Female; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Horses; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Recruitment, Neurophysiological; Reflex

Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Electrocardiography; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Jaw; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Muscles; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Psychomotor Performance; Reflex; Sense Organs; Sensory Thresholds; Trigeminal Nuclei; Vibrissae

Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Quipazine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; Reflex; Serotonin Receptor Agonists; Spinal Cord; Sural Nerve; Tropanes

Topics: Adult; Cervical Vertebrae; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Neck Muscles; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reaction Time; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Time Factors; Trigeminal Nerve; Upper Extremity

Topics: Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Infectious; Chronic Disease; Freund's Adjuvant; Hyperalgesia; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Subcutaneous; Ketamine; Male; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Regression Analysis; Vocalization, Animal

Topics: Conditioning, Classical; Humans; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Phagocytosis; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Pain; Pain Management; Palatine Tonsil; Reflex; Tonsillectomy

Topics: Climate; Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex; Weather

Topics: Angina Pectoris; Heart; Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Pallor; Reflex

Topics: Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Movement; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Emotions; Humans; Pain; Pain Perception; Reflex

Topics: Acetylcholine; Conditioning, Classical; Heart; Humans; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Electroencephalography; Morphine; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Heart; Histamine; Histamine Agents; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Pain Perception; Reflex

Topics: Disease; Humans; Pain; Reflex; Shoulder; Upper Extremity

Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Dogs; Higher Nervous Activity; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Conditioning, Classical; Humans; Hypertension; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; Conditioning, Classical; Food; Humans; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Mesencephalon; Pain; Pain, Intractable; Reflex

Topics: Conditioning, Classical; Diagnosis, Differential; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Pain; Physical Examination; Psychosomatic Medicine; Reflex

Topics: Disease; Humans; Pain; Radiculopathy; Reflex; Spinal Diseases; Spinal Nerves; Syndrome

Topics: Conditioning, Classical; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Alcoholic Neuropathy; Alcoholism; Foot Diseases; Humans; Neuritis; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Anxiety; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Glucose; Conditioning, Classical; Metabolism; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Extremities; Humans; Lower Extremity; Neuralgia; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Extremities; Humans; Lower Extremity; Neurology; Pain; Reflex; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Brain; Brain Diseases; Face; Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Appendicitis; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Kyphosis; Pain; Poliomyelitis; Postoperative Care; Radiography; Reflex; Reflex, Abnormal; Scoliosis; Spasm; Spinal Cord Neoplasms; Spinal Neoplasms; Spinal Puncture; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Torticollis; Urinary Incontinence

Topics: Bronchi; Electrophysiology; Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex; Skin

Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Gynecology; Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex; Urinary Bladder Diseases

Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Physiology; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Kidney Diseases; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Pelvic Pain; Reflex; Splanchnic Nerves

Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Pain; Parietal Lobe; Physiology; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells; Spinal Cord; Thalamus

Topics: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Diabetic Neuropathies; Fatigue; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metabolic Diseases; Motion Perception; Pain; Paresthesia; Pharmacology; Physiology; Reflex; Thiamine

Topics: Adolescent; Arthropathy, Neurogenic; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Blood Chemical Analysis; Central Nervous System Diseases; Child; Consanguinity; Cranial Nerves; Diagnosis, Differential; Electromyography; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Neurologic Manifestations; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Reflex

Topics: Conditioning, Classical; Electroencephalography; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Pain; Polyradiculopathy; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells

Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Muscles; Neurophysiology; Oscillometry; Pain; Rabbits; Reflex; Research; Respiration; Skin; Touch; Vagotomy

Topics: Biomedical Research; Brain; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Facial Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Meperidine; Mouth Neoplasms; Neural Conduction; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Reflex; Sound; Stereotaxic Techniques; Thalamus

Topics: Cats; Deglutition; Electric Stimulation; Laryngeal Cartilages; Laryngeal Nerves; Pain; Physiology; Pupil; Reflex; Research; Tachycardia

Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Bradycardia; Calcium Chloride; Carbon Dioxide; Cold Temperature; Crustacea; Fructose; Glutamates; Heart; Heart Rate; Nitrogen; Pain; Pharmacology; Physiology; Reflex; Research; Respiration; Sensory Receptor Cells; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Touch; Water

Topics: Anatomy; Bone Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lumbosacral Region; Muscles; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Neural Conduction; Neurologic Examination; Pain; Reflex; Reflex, Stretch; Spinal Nerves; Tendons

Topics: Aluminum; Aluminum Oxide; Cats; Electrophysiology; Hydroxides; Injections, Spinal; Mesencephalon; Neuralgia; Neurophysiology; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Reflex; Research; Sensation; Spinal Cord; Subarachnoid Space; Thalamus

Topics: Analgesia; Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Pain; Pain Insensitivity, Congenital; Reflex; Reflex, Abnormal; Trisomy

Topics: Back Pain; Biomedical Research; Conditioning, Classical; Electroshock; Humans; Neck; Pain; Plethysmography; Reflex; Syndrome; Vasomotor System

Topics: Acetylcholine; Bradykinin; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Pharmacology; Potassium; Reflex; Research; Sensory Receptor Cells; Sodium; Sodium, Dietary

Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Electromyography; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Joint Diseases; Knee Joint; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Physiology; Plasma; Reflex; Sensation

Topics: Adaptation, Ocular; Biomedical Research; Cerebral Cortex; Conditioning, Classical; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Eye; Humans; Male; Pain; Physiology; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells; Vision, Ocular

Topics: Arousal; Autonomic Nervous System; Central Nervous System; Cerebral Cortex; Consciousness; Humans; Neurophysiology; Orientation; Pain; Perception; Reflex; Sleep

Topics: Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Blood Circulation; Blood Vessels; Pain; Reflex; Sympathectomy

Topics: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Cardiovascular System; Humans; Pain; Reflex; Sleep; Stupor

Topics: Pain; Reflex; Skin Physiological Phenomena

Topics: Cell Division; Epinephrine; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Blood; Blood Sedimentation; Conditioning, Classical; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Osmosis; Pain; Permeability; Reflex

Topics: Brain; Brain Diseases; Face; Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Formaldehyde; Halothane; Immunohistochemistry; Nitrous Oxide; Pain; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Freund's Adjuvant; Hindlimb; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Stress, Physiological; Swimming; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Electromyography; Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Psychometrics; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Whiplash Injuries

Topics: Anal Canal; Humans; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Head; Hyperesthesia; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Pain, Referred; Reflex; Skin

Topics: Arthritis; Humans; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypothalamic Hormones; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neuropeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Prolactin-Releasing Hormone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Axons; Diabetic Neuropathies; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers; Neural Conduction; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Peroneal Nerve; Reference Values; Reflex; Skin

Topics: Adult; Attention; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Pain Measurement; Perception; Reflex; Stress, Psychological; Sural Nerve

Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Formaldehyde; Hot Temperature; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Electrophysiology; Estradiol; Female; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Ovariectomy; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex

Topics: Administration, Topical; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Capsaicin; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Melatonin; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Tetrahydronaphthalenes; Tryptamines

Topics: Animals; Benzoxazines; Burns; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists; Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists; Disease Models, Animal; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Indoles; Male; Morpholines; Naphthalenes; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Reflex; Skin

Topics: Acute Disease; Afferent Pathways; Analgesia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Suckling; Behavior, Animal; Central Nervous System; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Male; Mechanoreceptors; Mouth; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Skin; Sucking Behavior; Touch

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cognition; Electric Stimulation; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Language Tests; Neuropsychological Tests; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pressure; Reflex; Risk Factors; Sex Factors

Topics: Adult; Catheterization; Colon; Compliance; Fasting; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Male; Pain; Postprandial Period; Rectum; Reflex; Sensation

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Carrageenan; Cell Line, Tumor; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hot Temperature; Humans; Inflammation; Isoenzymes; Male; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pressure; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Time Factors; Tretinoin

Topics: Animals; Burns; Colitis; Colon; Conditioning, Psychological; Dizocilpine Maleate; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Male; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Rectum; Reflex; Skin; Synaptic Transmission; Visceral Afferents

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Horses; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reaction Time; Recruitment, Neurophysiological; Reflex

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environment, Controlled; Formaldehyde; Heart Rate; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Neuropeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Reflex

Topics: Humans; Pain; Reflex; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Humans; Pain; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Reflex; Spleen

Topics: Humans; Pain; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Reflex; Spleen

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pain; Phenotype; Reflex; Tail

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Case-Control Studies; Demography; Female; Hormones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Postmenopause; Reflex; Sex Characteristics

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Decompression, Surgical; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypesthesia; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lumbosacral Region; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Weakness; Neural Conduction; Neurologic Examination; Pain; Reflex; Retrospective Studies; Sensation Disorders; Spinal Stenosis; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic

Topics: Adult; Afferent Pathways; Brain; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Neural Conduction; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peripheral Nerves; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Autoimmunity; Bacterial Infections; Cytokines; Humans; Immune System; Inflammation; Neuroimmunomodulation; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Nerve Endings; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Thumb

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Dynorphins; Electroacupuncture; Female; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Brachial Plexus; Decerebrate State; Efferent Pathways; Female; GABA Agonists; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Isonicotinic Acids; Male; Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; Nociceptors; Pain; Piperidines; Pons; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tachycardia

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Conditioning, Psychological; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Inflammation; Jaw; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Reflex; Temporal Muscle

Topics: Action Potentials; Adult; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Neural Conduction; Neural Inhibition; Neuromuscular Junction; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Skin; Synaptic Transmission; Torque; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Volition

Topics: Conditioning, Psychological; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Humans; Jaw; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pilot Projects; Reflex; Software; Stress, Psychological; Sural Nerve

Topics: Adult; Afferent Pathways; Blinking; Brain Stem; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Muscle Contraction; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Reflex, Stretch; Sex Characteristics; Temporal Muscle; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Nuclei

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Muscle Contraction; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Protein Subunits; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; Reflex; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urinary Bladder

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Capsaicin; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dinoprostone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electromyography; Indomethacin; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Procaine; Propofol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Colon; Dilatation, Pathologic; Galanin; Ganglia, Spinal; Humans; Male; Neuropeptides; Pain; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rectum; Reflex; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Tachykinins; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Visceral Afferents

Topics: Animals; Colitis; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Gastrointestinal Motility; Inflammation; Male; Pain; Pain Management; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid

Topics: Adult; Differential Threshold; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Sensation; Sex Characteristics; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Time Factors

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Formaldehyde; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Muscle Tonus; Pain; Pain Measurement; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Purinones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Carrageenan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Hindlimb; Inflammation; Male; Medetomidine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Reflex; Spinal Cord Injuries; Time Factors

Topics: Affect; Animals; Bicuculline; Conditioning, Classical; Electric Stimulation; Electroshock; Fear; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Hindlimb; Hypothalamus; Male; Muscimol; Pain; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, GABA-A; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Tail; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus; Vocalization, Animal

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Reflex; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasoconstriction; Whiplash Injuries

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cold Temperature; Female; Guanethidine; Hand; Humans; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Norepinephrine; Pain; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic; Sympatholytics; Temporal Arteries; Thermosensing; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Capsaicin; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Foot; Hindlimb; Male; Mice; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Peripheral Nerves; Predictive Value of Tests; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Reflex; Spinal Nerve Roots; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Blood Pressure; Drug Tolerance; Electric Stimulation; Heart Rate; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Morphine; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Pain; Pain Threshold; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Stereoisomerism; Sural Nerve

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Female; Ketamine; Ketoprofen; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Organ Culture Techniques; Pain; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Axons; Dronabinol; Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Male; Neural Conduction; Pain; Pilot Projects; Psychometrics; Reflex; Vasodilation

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cluster Analysis; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Reaction Time; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Statistics as Topic; Touch

Topics: Adult; Cues; Electroshock; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Photic Stimulation; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Sural Nerve

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Conditioning, Psychological; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Female; Foot; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reaction Time; Reflex; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Ankle; Ankle Injuries; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Posture; Reaction Time; Reflex; Sprains and Strains; Supination

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Arousal; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Depression; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Sex Characteristics; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Brain; Depressive Disorder; Efferent Pathways; Electroshock; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Female; Humans; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Leg; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Paraplegia; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Afferent Pathways; Anesthetics; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hindlimb; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Nociceptors; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Rabbits; Reaction Time; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cystitis, Interstitial; Female; Humans; Ice; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex; Urinary Bladder, Overactive; Water

Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Body Weight; Conditioning, Psychological; Exploratory Behavior; Fear; Female; Genotype; Health; Heterozygote; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Movement; Pain; Pain Measurement; Phenotype; Postural Balance; Receptor, Galanin, Type 2; Reflex; Sensation; Stress, Psychological

Topics: Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Neurological; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pain, Intractable; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spinothalamic Tracts; Stress, Psychological; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Citrulline; Conditioning, Classical; Extinction, Psychological; Extracellular Fluid; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Reinforcement, Psychology

Topics: Alcoholic Neuropathy; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Hyperalgesia; Male; Neuralgia; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase 1; Injections, Spinal; Ligation; Male; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Pain; Prostaglandins; Pyrazoles; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Prostaglandin E; Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; Reflex; Spinal Nerves; Sulfonamides

Topics: Animals; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity; Pain; Reflex; Sensation; Spinal Cord; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Colon; Dilatation, Pathologic; Electromyography; Maternal Deprivation; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Interleukin-1beta; Nerve Fibers; Neuroprotective Agents; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Xanthines

Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; White People

Topics: Adult; Conditioning, Psychological; Electric Stimulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electromyography; Female; Foot; H-Reflex; Humans; Interneurons; Male; Motor Neurons; Muscle, Skeletal; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Immobilization; Male; Mice; Movement; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Reflex; Riluzole

Topics: Animals; Dogs; Electromyography; Forelimb; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Adrenergic Agonists; Adrenergic Antagonists; Amygdala; Anesthetics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Male; Microinjections; Nociceptors; Norepinephrine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Reflex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Skin

Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Cerebral Ventricles; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Galanin; Hypoglossal Nerve; Male; Narcotic Antagonists; Oligopeptides; Oxytocin; Pain; Pain Measurement; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reflex; Substance P; Tongue; Trigeminal Nerve

Topics: Acceleration; Electromyography; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Motor Activity; Movement; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Predictive Value of Tests; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Behavior, Animal; Dopamine; Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila Proteins; Gene Targeting; Ion Channels; Larva; Light; Motor Activity; Motor Neurons; Nervous System; Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Photic Stimulation; Photochemistry; Reflex; Sensory Rhodopsins; Vision, Ocular

Topics: Analgesia; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Homocysteine; Hyperalgesia; Lidocaine; Male; Microinjections; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Periaqueductal Gray; Preoptic Area; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Arm; Attention; Awareness; Cues; Female; Humans; Male; Movement; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Reflex; Reflex, Startle

Topics: Extremities; Humans; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Midazolam; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Nerve Regeneration; Neurologic Examination; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Paraplegia; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recovery of Function; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Nociceptors; Pain; Photic Stimulation; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Bee Venoms; Disability Evaluation; Disease Models, Animal; Efferent Pathways; Gyrus Cinguli; Hyperalgesia; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Drive; Exhalation; Female; Humans; Inhalation; Male; Pain; Reaction Time; Reflex; Skin; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Topics: Amygdala; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Arthritis; Behavior, Animal; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Electrophysiology; Enzyme Activation; Hindlimb; In Vitro Techniques; Neurons; Pain; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Peptide Fragments; Peptides, Cyclic; Potassium Channels; Pyrimidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Synapses; Tetraethylammonium; Vocalization, Animal

Topics: Animals; Artifacts; Behavior, Animal; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Epidermis; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Male; Nerve Fibers; Neural Conduction; Pain; Pain Measurement; Reflex

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Efferent Pathways; Hippocampus; Imprinting, Psychological; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Long-Term Potentiation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nociceptors; Pain; Reaction Time; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Chronaxy; Dogs; Knee; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Carotid Sinus; Dogs; Heart; Ocular Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Pulse; Reflex; Sciatic Nerve; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Brain; Cats; Motor Neurons; Movement; Musculocutaneous Nerve; Neural Conduction; Optic Nerve; Pain; Reflex; Sensation; Spinal Cord; Temperature; Tibia; Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Topics: Animals; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Substance P

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Male; Nerve Fibers; Neural Conduction; Nociceptors; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Rats; Reflex; Substance P

Topics: Aminophylline; Animals; Bucladesine; Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP; Electric Stimulation; Female; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Nerve Fibers; Nucleotides, Cyclic; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Cats; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Methionine; Naloxone; Neurons; Pain; Phenylalanine; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cardiovascular System; Enkephalins; Hemodynamics; Humans; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Vagus Nerve

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cats; Emotions; Hemodynamics; Nociceptors; Pain; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex

Topics: Abdomen; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Male; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Tail

Topics: Animals; Drug Interactions; Histamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Indomethacin; Nociceptors; Pain; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Prostaglandins; Rabbits; Reflex

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Cyclazocine; Dogs; Ethylketocyclazocine; Female; Injections; Medulla Oblongata; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Cyclazocine; Dogs; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Ethylketocyclazocine; Medulla Oblongata; Naloxone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex

Topics: beta-Endorphin; Child; Endorphins; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pain; Pituitary Gland; Reflex

Topics: Administration, Topical; Axons; Capsaicin; Differential Threshold; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Pain; Reflex; Sensation; Skin; Substance P; Vasodilation

Topics: Animals; Axons; Cats; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Intercostal Nerves; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Splanchnic Nerves; Staining and Labeling; Thoracic Nerves

Topics: Humans; Muscles; Nociceptors; Pain; Posture; Reflex; Shoulder; Spinal Cord; Sternum; Synaptic Transmission; Thalamus

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Stress, Psychological

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Brain; Brain Stem; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Muscles; Nerve Regeneration; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain, Intractable; Peripheral Nerves; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Afferent Pathways; Analgesia; Animals; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Jaw; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Radial Nerve; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Brain Stem; Electric Stimulation; Ganglia, Spinal; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Nociceptors; Pain; Reaction Time; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Skin; Spinothalamic Tracts; Sural Nerve; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Animals; Endorphins; Hot Temperature; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Spinal Cord

Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Female; Hot Temperature; Medulla Oblongata; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Pons; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Reticular Formation; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Analgesia; Animals; Female; Hydroxydopamines; Male; Oxidopamine; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Reticular Formation

Topics: Animals; Drug Implants; Electroshock; Environment; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex

Topics: Aged; Angina Pectoris, Variant; Blood Pressure; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Revascularization; Pain; Reflex; Thorax; Time Factors

Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesia; Animals; Carbachol; Cats; Female; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pons; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Afferent Pathways; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Skin

Topics: Angina Pectoris; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; Cats; Gallbladder; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Nerves; Splanchnic Nerves; Sympathetic Nervous System

Topics: Adult; Conditioning, Psychological; Cryotherapy; Electrophysiology; Female; Hand; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Management; Physical Exertion; Psychophysics; Reflex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anal Canal; Chronic Disease; Colon; Constipation; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pressure; Rectum; Reflex; Time Factors

Topics: Affect; Aggression; Animals; Arousal; Association Learning; Cognition; Escape Reaction; Humans; Pain; Punishment; Rats; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Set, Psychology

Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Blood Pressure; Cats; Female; Heart Rate; Knee Joint; Male; Movement; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Catalepsy; Electroencephalography; Humans; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pressure; Rats; Reflex; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Aggression; Agonistic Behavior; Anger; Animals; Fear; Humans; Mice; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Research; Social Environment; Species Specificity

Topics: Adult; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Motor Activity; Motor Neurons; Pain; Proprioception; Reflex; Sensation; Spinal Cord Injuries

Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Dopamine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Child; Cold Temperature; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Mandible; Masticatory Muscles; Motor Neurons; Neural Pathways; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Blood Physiological Phenomena; Blood Transfusion; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electromyography; Functional Laterality; Hindlimb; Male; Pain; Rabbits; Reflex; Time Factors; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials; Facial Muscles; Humans; Masticatory Muscles; Muscles; Neck Muscles; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Angina Pectoris; Cholelithiasis; Humans; Pain; Reflex; Thorax; Trimethaphan; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Analgesics; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Humans; Pain; Pharmacology; Physical Stimulation; Reflex; Temperature; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biological Evolution; Female; Fetus; Hibernation; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Obstetric; Muscle Tonus; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pain; Pregnancy; Reflex; Swine

Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Basal Metabolism; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Kainic Acid; Male; Movement; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Female; Heart Rate; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Benzomorphans; Cats; Endorphins; Morphinans; Motor Neurons; Naloxone; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Reflex; Reflex, Monosynaptic; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Chronaxy; Electric Stimulation; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Mesencephalon; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Reflex; Reticular Formation; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Brain Stem; Electric Stimulation; Lidocaine; Male; Nerve Block; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Reticular Formation; Spinal Cord

Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Humans; Morphine; Pain; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Psychophysics; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Skin

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Dental Pulp; Electrocardiography; Microwaves; Pain; Rabbits; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Dopamine; Male; Pain; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Receptors, Dopamine; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Tail

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Osteochondritis; Pain; Reflex; Sacrum; Spinal Diseases; Spinal Nerve Roots; Syndrome

Topics: Double-Blind Method; Endorphins; Humans; Pain; Phenylalanine; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Hindlimb; Inflammation; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Serotonin; Tachyphylaxis

Topics: Adult; Aged; Coronary Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement; Musculoskeletal System; Pain; Palpation; Reflex

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dental Pulp; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Jaw; Lip; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pain; Rats; Reflex

Topics: Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Pain; Reflex; Sensation

Topics: Adult; Endorphins; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Obesity; Pain; Reflex; Sensation

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Cats; Ear, External; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electromyography; Motor Neurons, Gamma; Movement; Pain; Pain Management; Pentobarbital; Reaction Time; Reflex; Toothache

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Cats; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electroshock; Pain; Pain Management; Reflex; Thalamic Nuclei

Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Analgesia; Animals; Brain Stem; Cats; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Neurons; Pain; Raphe Nuclei; Reflex; Serotonin

Topics: Adult; Blood Vessels; Electrocardiography; Epoprostenol; Erythema; Face; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Headache; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Pain; Prostaglandins; Reflex

Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic; Neurons, Efferent; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord; Sympathetic Nervous System

Topics: Adult; Arousal; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Electrooculography; Evoked Potentials; Galvanic Skin Response; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Humans; Male; Pain; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Animals; Arousal; Behavior, Animal; Cerebral Cortex; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Electroshock; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Functional Laterality; Humans; Immobilization; Models, Biological; Motor Activity; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Schizophrenia

Topics: Animals; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epidural Space; Female; Fentanyl; Lipids; Male; Meperidine; Methadone; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Skin; Time Factors

Topics: Analgesics; Electrophysiology; Humans; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Skin

Topics: Abdomen; Adolescent; Autonomic Nervous System; Child; Child Behavior; Facial Expression; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Recurrence; Reflex; Sensation; Stress, Physiological; Syndrome; Vasoconstriction

Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Avoidance Learning; Electroencephalography; Hippocampus; Hormones; Hypnosis; Metabolism; Pain; Rabbits; Reflex; Terminology as Topic; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Endorphins; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Electric Stimulation; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Male; Mathematics; Pain; Psychophysics; Reaction Time; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Aged; Humans; Male; Pain; Reflex; Sensation; Spinal Cord; Stomach; Thermosensing; Vasodilation

Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Pain; Rats; Reflex

Topics: Electric Stimulation; Humans; Muscles; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds; Skin

Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Anesthesia; Animals; Baclofen; Dextroamphetamine; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Isoxazoles; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Muscimol; Pain; Phencyclidine; Reflex

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain Mapping; Conditioning, Classical; Dogs; Electrophysiology; Extinction, Psychological; Fear; Feeding Behavior; Food; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Inhibition, Psychological; Orientation; Pain; Reflex

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Attention; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain Stem; Cerebral Cortex; Dogs; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Frontal Lobe; Medulla Oblongata; Motor Neurons, Gamma; Neural Analyzers; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Reticular Formation; Sensation; Somatosensory Cortex; Spinal Cord; Thalamic Nuclei

Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Masticatory Muscles; Pain; Psychophysics; Rats; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Female; H-Reflex; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Respiration; Set, Psychology; Stress, Psychological

Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Brain; Cats; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical

Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Analgesia; Anesthesia; Humans; Pain; Reflex; Reflexotherapy; Somatosensory Cortex; Syndrome

Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Sciatic Nerve; Tail

Topics: Conditioning, Psychological; Environment; Humans; Learning; Pain; Reflex; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Syndrome

Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Injections, Spinal; Nerve Fibers; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Verapamil

Topics: Animals; Female; Nerve Fibers; Pain; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Substance P

Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arginine; Dexamethasone; Formaldehyde; Glutamic Acid; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal; Isoquinolines; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Piperazines; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Reflex; Substance P

Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Analgesics; Anilides; Animals; Arginine; Cystitis; Female; Injections, Spinal; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Reflex, Abnormal; Turpentine; Urinary Bladder; Viscera

Topics: Animals; Brachial Plexus; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Electromyography; Goats; Humans; Median Nerve; Motor Neurons, Gamma; Muscular Diseases; Neck Muscles; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Neurons, Afferent; Neurons, Efferent; Pain; Pressure; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spasm; Ulnar Nerve; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes

Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Galanin; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Pain; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Benzyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Duodenum; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pain; Propylamines; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reflex

Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Acetates; Acetic Acid; Amino Acid Sequence; Anesthesia; Animals; Benzyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Colon; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Pain; Propylamines; Pyrroles; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Thiophenes

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cold Temperature; Denervation; Disease Models, Animal; Foot; Hyperalgesia; Male; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Nerves; Sympathectomy

Topics: Animals; Axons; Blister; Evoked Potentials; Neurons, Afferent; Neuropeptides; Nicotine; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Reflex; Skin; Wound Healing

Topics: Humans; Hypnosis; Models, Biological; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain Stem; Cerebral Ventricles; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Lidocaine; Male; Mice; Microinjections; Models, Neurological; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Synapses; Trigeminal Nerve

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Axons; Hot Temperature; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Serotonin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Axons; Capsaicin; Forearm; Humans; Middle Aged; Pain; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Skin; Sweating; Vasodilation; Wrist

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; H-Reflex; Humans; Knee; Leg; Muscle, Skeletal; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Electromyography; Female; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Hot Temperature; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microelectrodes; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Hot Temperature; Male; Neurons; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Fentanyl; Male; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Arginine; Behavior, Animal; Cold Temperature; Hot Temperature; Male; Methysergide; N-Methylaspartate; Nitroarginine; Nociceptors; Pain; Phentolamine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Analgesia; Female; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain; Pain, Intractable; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Brain; Humans; Models, Neurological; Movement; Nerve Net; Neural Pathways; Pain; Pain Management; Phantom Limb; Reflex

Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Time Factors

Topics: Achilles Tendon; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Pressure; Carotid Arteries; Central Nervous System; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardial Ischemia; Pain; Pressoreceptors; Reflex; Sensory Thresholds

Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Colon; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve

Topics: Animals; Dipyrone; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Pain; Pain Measurement; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Anesthesia; Animals; Female; Nociceptors; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Prolactin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Skin

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cerebellum; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hot Temperature; Imidazoles; Lidocaine; Male; Medetomidine; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Reflex; Skin Temperature; Spinal Cord; Time Factors

Topics: Aged; Arm; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Leg; Male; Motor Activity; Movement; Movement Disorders; Muscles; Pain; Postural Balance; Reflex; Reproducibility of Results; Sensation; Time Factors

Topics: Denervation; History, 19th Century; Humans; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Neurology; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Sensation Disorders; Spinal Cord; Syndrome

Topics: Adult; Conditioning, Psychological; Electric Stimulation; Extremities; Humans; Male; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Reflex; Sensation Disorders; Spinal Cord Injuries; Sural Nerve; Syndrome; Touch; Ulnar Nerve

Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Conditioning, Classical; Electroshock; Fear; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Adult; Anal Canal; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Hydrotherapy; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Management; Rectum; Reflex; Temperature

Topics: Animals; Colon; Gastrointestinal Motility; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Stomach; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Hot Temperature; Injections, Spinal; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Muscles; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Sural Nerve; Synaptic Transmission

Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Blood Proteins; Corticosterone; Male; Pain; Pain Threshold; Phenobarbital; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Seizures; Theophylline

Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; beta-Endorphin; Cerebral Ventricles; Cisterna Magna; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Methionine; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Perfusion; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Ataxia; Axis, Cervical Vertebra; Dogs; Female; Immobilization; Pain; Prognosis; Proprioception; Radiography; Reflex; Spinal Fractures

Topics: Aged; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nociceptors; Pain; Palliative Care; Reflex; Tomography, Emission-Computed

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Brain; Carrageenan; Electric Stimulation; Female; Motor Neurons; Nerve Fibers; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Decerebrate State; Electromyography; Female; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Male; Muscle Contraction; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Tail

Topics: Animals; Decerebrate State; Electromyography; Female; Hindlimb; Hot Temperature; Lasers; Male; Muscle Contraction; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Spinal Cord

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Dentin; Electric Stimulation; Fluorescent Dyes; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Pons; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Stilbamidines; Stimulation, Chemical; Trigeminal Nerve

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Buprenorphine; Nerve Fibers; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; Alfentanil; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Brain; Catalepsy; Cornea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Carriers; Injections, Spinal; Liposomes; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Tissue Distribution

Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Functional Laterality; Hindlimb; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Peripheral Nerves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Tail

Topics: Animals; Decerebrate State; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Hindlimb; Pain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Reflex

Topics: Adult; Afferent Pathways; Female; Histamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mustard Plant; Pain; Pain Measurement; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Escape Reaction; Immersion; Male; Motor Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Temperature

Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Brain Mapping; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Naloxone; Nerve Endings; Neurons; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex

Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Hot Temperature; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Reflex; Tail; Temperature

Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypnosis; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intravenous; Neuromuscular Blockade; Pain; Reflex