Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy

Sudden death in a patient with EPILEPSY associated with SEIZURES and seizure-related symptoms (e.g., APNEA; HYPOXEMIA) without other identifiable accidental causes (e.g., DROWNING; WOUNDS AND INJURIES).

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
SUDEP
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is thought to be related to peri-ictal cardiac dysfunction, respiratory depression, and autonomic dysfunction, albeit the exact etiology is unknown."( Long, L; Xiao, B; Zhao, H, 2022)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Prevention of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a critical goal for epilepsy therapy."( Faingold, CL; Tupal, S, 2019)

Research

Studies (43)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's5 (11.63)28.8240
2020's38 (88.37)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
carbamates0low10
carbamazepine0low10
citalopram0low10
valproic acid0low10
fenfluramine0low20
fluoxetine0low20
lamotrigine0low30
apnea0low90
prazosin0low20
pilocarpine0low10
pentylenetetrazole0low30
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol0low10
methacholine chloride0low10
tubercidin0low10
flurothyl0low10
kainic acid0low30
acetylcysteine0low10
fomesafen0low10
atomoxetine hydrochloride0low20
duloxetine hydrochloride0low10
adenosine0low10
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low20
5-iodotubercidin0low10
reboxetine0low10
levetiracetam0low10
perampanel0low10
losartan potassium0low10
neuropeptide y0low10
adenosine kinase0low20
piperidines0low10
clozapine0low10

Protein Targets (509)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, HADH2 protein3003
Chain B, HADH2 protein3003
Luciferase4004
interleukin 81001
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma8008
GLI family zinc finger 37007
AR protein9009
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)5005
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 37007
progesterone receptor6006
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]8008
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 18008
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha5005
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha110011
farnesoid X nuclear receptor5005
pregnane X nuclear receptor5005
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha100010
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta5005
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma5005
aryl hydrocarbon receptor3003
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a6006
Histone H2A.x6006
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 13003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 28008
heat shock protein beta-13003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 16006
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 17007
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit4004
Cellular tumor antigen p538008
Glutamate receptor 24217
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha1001
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 55005
Ataxin-28008
Chain A, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 30101
Adenosine kinase0101
Adenosine receptor A10314
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10202
Adenosine receptor A30202
Adenosine receptor A2b0213
Adenosine receptor A2a0213
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0101
Adenosine kinase0305
Adenosine kinase0101
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A0101
Adenosine kinase0101
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific0202
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 10303
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A3003
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase2002
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
acetylcholinesterase5005
dopamine D1 receptor1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
pregnane X receptor2002
phosphopantetheinyl transferase2002
USP1 protein, partial3003
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
Microtubule-associated protein tau7007
Thrombopoietin1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 45005
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor5005
arylsulfatase A4004
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2130013
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 17007
D(1A) dopamine receptor6006
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
flap endonuclease 13003
geminin8008
peripheral myelin protein 224004
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
Histone deacetylase 30303
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Histone deacetylase 40303
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Histone deacetylase 10303
Histone deacetylase 70303
Histone deacetylase 20303
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100303
Histone deacetylase 11 0303
Histone deacetylase 80303
Histone deacetylase 60303
Histone deacetylase 90303
Histone deacetylase 50303
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase5005
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE5005
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Structure of PAE2307 in complex with adenosine0011
Chain B, Structure of PAE2307 in complex with adenosine0011
Chain A, ADENOSINE RECEPTOR A2A0101
Chain A, ADENOSINE RECEPTOR A2A0101
Chain A, tRNA (guanine-N(1)-)-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Uncharacterized protein MJ08830011
signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced1001
NPYLR7B0011
IDH17007
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 10022
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 15005
high affinity choline transporter 1 isoform a0101
Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 10202
Calcium dependent protein kinase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 70011
Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 20202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 0101
Adenosine deaminase0001
Avidin0011
Adenosine deaminase0001
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase0202
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Insulin receptor0001
Phosphoglycerate kinase 20101
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha0112
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta0001
Adenosine receptor A30225
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A 0101
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein0022
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 10001
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 20101
Endoplasmin0112
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 0101
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 20001
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 40001
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 30001
Streptavidin0011
Adenosylhomocysteinase0001
Adenosine receptor A2a0124
Adenosine receptor A2b0012
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial0101
Adenosine receptor A10225
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 0101
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha0203
Adenosine receptor A10011
Adenosine deaminase 0001
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 20202
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta0203
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha0203
Solute carrier family 28 member 30202
Adenosine kinase0102
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta0203
5-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine deaminase0001
Adenosine transporter 10001
thioredoxin reductase9009
ATAD5 protein, partial4004
TDP1 protein100010
lamin isoform A-delta108008
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
glp-1 receptor, partial4004
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 49009
cytochrome P450 2D67007
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30909
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40909
Bile salt export pump012012
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 09110
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10707
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 24004
Vpr1001
Bile salt export pump0303
Albumin0033
Major prion protein0011
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0303
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0202
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0304
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70103
Cytochrome P450 2B60011
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0204
Cytochrome P450 2J20304
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2010010
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0303
Frizzled-80011
P2X purinoceptor 40101
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A14004
EWS/FLI fusion protein5005
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor3003
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0202
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40606
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10707
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0808
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0404
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Aromatase0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0505
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0619
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0617
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0639
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0415
Histamine H1 receptor0428
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0617
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
Spike glycoprotein6006
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0415
Sigma intracellular receptor 20202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0202
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0808
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10505
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10404
Transporter0404
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit2002
Fumarate hydratase3003
GLS protein4004
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease3003
G4004
polyprotein3003
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0101
glucocerebrosidase2002
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
caspase-33003
Adenylate cyclase type 1 0101
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor2002
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor3003
chromobox protein homolog 17007
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d6006
DNA polymerase beta1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor2002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)3003
short transient receptor potential channel 6 isoform 10011
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 13003
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 11001
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi3104
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
Interferon beta6006
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 4004
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20325
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40213
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10103
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10405
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30405
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40405
Cytochrome P450 3A40203
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0606
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50405
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50505
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0506
Calmodulin-10101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Cytochrome P450 2D60102
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20405
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10538
D(2) dopamine receptor0205
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0505
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-13104
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0628
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0607
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta3104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-23104
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0405
D0303
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-53104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-33104
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30415
Endothelin receptor type B0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor0203
D(4) dopamine receptor0305
D(1B) dopamine receptor0102
Adenylate cyclase type 30101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0426
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40001
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-13104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-23104
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0628
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Endothelin receptor type B0101
Histamine H2 receptor0202
D(1B) dopamine receptor0202
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0101
Adenylate cyclase type 20101
Adenylate cyclase type 40101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-43104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-33104
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-63104
D(4) dopamine receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0516
Histamine H1 receptor0101
Histamine H1 receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0101
Cytochrome P450 2C190102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0318
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0316
D(3) dopamine receptor0305
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Adenylate cyclase type 80101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0628
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Histamine H2 receptor3003
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60405
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0505
Calmodulin 0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-13104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-33104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-23104
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Adenylate cyclase type 60101
Adenylate cyclase type 50101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Transporter0202
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0101
Adenylyl cyclase 7 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0101
GABA theta subunit3104
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 14004
D0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon3104
Histamine H4 receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
Histamine H3 receptor0202
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial4004
Smad33003
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a2002
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 12002
snurportin-12002
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
Alpha-synuclein2002
Caspase-71001
caspase-31001
huntingtin isoform 21001
ras-related protein Rab-9A2002
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 10101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor 0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Chain A, Glutamate receptor 20011
Chain A, Glutamate receptor 20011
Chain C, Glutamate receptor 20011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain1001
endonuclease IV1001
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 12002
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 30213
Glutamate receptor 40213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20224
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 20112
Glutamate receptor 30011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30202
Glutamate receptor 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0213
GALC protein2002
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 10101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 10101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A0101
Type-1A angiotensin II receptor 0101
Type-1B angiotensin II receptor0202
Type-2 angiotensin II receptor0101
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B0101
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A0101
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0101
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
galanin receptor type 30101
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 10202
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 20202
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 11001
Cytochrome P450 2A60213
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor DM10101
Cytochrome P450 2A130112
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
67.9K protein2002
alpha-galactosidase1001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
interferon gamma precursor0001
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0112
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Beta-casein0101
Interstitial collagenase0101
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Matrix metalloproteinase-90101
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-mannosidase 2C10011
Bromodomain-containing protein 20202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0101
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20001
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-20101
Chain A, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Chain A, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase DeoD-type0101
NS5 0011
MSH0001
Hsf1 protein0012
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
Programmed cell death protein 40101
Cocaine esterase0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90001
Tissue factor0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60001
Liver carboxylesterase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]