Page last updated: 2024-09-27

C-C Fistula

An acquired or spontaneous abnormality in which there is communication between CAVERNOUS SINUS, a venous structure, and the CAROTID ARTERIES. It is often associated with HEAD TRAUMA, specifically basilar skull fractures (SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR). Clinical signs often include VISION DISORDERS and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION.

Synonyms(5)

Synonym
Carotid Artery-Cavernous Sinus Fistula
Traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula
Fistula, Carotid Artery-Cavernous Sinus
Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula
C-C Fistula

Research

Studies (150)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19903 (2.00)23.3326
1990's5 (3.33)12.5806
2000's59 (39.33)18.1394
2010's72 (48.00)28.8240
2020's11 (7.33)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
dimethyl sulfoxide0medium223
aspirin0low30
iohexol0low10
2-propanol0low30
nimodipine0low10
sumatriptan0low10
ticlopidine0low10
methicillin0low10
methylprednisolone0low10
meglumine0low10
enbucrilate0medium141
platinum0low20
tantalum0low90
gadolinium0low20
timolol0low10
propiconazole0low370
fomesafen0low10
clopidogrel0low20
bendamustine hydrochloride0low10
htr composite0low10
nitinol0low20
bimatoprost0low10
cloprostenol0low10
gadolinium dtpa0low10
indocyanine green0low10
gadofosveset trisodium0low10
eye0low510

Protein Targets (277)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit3003
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma2002
GLI family zinc finger 34004
AR protein7007
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A13003
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 15005
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha4004
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha8008
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta3003
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a3003
activating transcription factor 62002
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)3003
Histone H2A.x2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a2002
heat shock protein beta-12002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 15005
lamin isoform A-delta104004
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit2002
Glutamate receptor 22002
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
Chain A, Phospholipase A2 isoform 30011
Chain A, HADH2 protein1001
Chain B, HADH2 protein1001
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase1001
GTP-binding protein (rab7)0011
ras protein, partial0011
interleukin 81001
thioredoxin reductase3003
GLS protein2002
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 43003
EWS/FLI fusion protein4004
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]7007
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha6006
cytochrome P450 2D64004
glucocerebrosidase1001
Rac1 protein0011
IDH12002
cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa), partial0011
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 23003
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 12002
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)4004
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
lethal factor (plasmid)1001
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30707
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40707
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0202
Bile salt export pump0808
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 20202
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Integrin beta-30101
Myeloperoxidase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10101
Integrin alpha-IIb0101
Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Adenosine receptor A10101
Adenosine receptor A2a0202
Substance-P receptor0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Urotensin-2 receptor0101
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1001
Ras-related protein Rab-2A0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12114
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Rho-associated protein kinase 20101
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10707
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10213
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10011
nonstructural protein 14004
chromobox protein homolog 16006
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
geminin4004
Cytochrome P450 2C80202
Cytochrome P450 2B60303
Liver carboxylesterase 10001
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Cytochrome P450 2C190404
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 42002
P2Y purinoceptor 120101
Thromboxane A2 receptor 0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0101
Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor0213
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0101
Prostacyclin receptor0101
Prostaglandin D2 receptor0101
Cereblon isoform 40202
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor4004
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 50011
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0101
Protein cereblon0202
Luciferase2002
progesterone receptor5005
pregnane X nuclear receptor5005
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma2002
ATAD5 protein, partial3003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 34004
Spike glycoprotein2002
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
acetylcholinesterase2002
PPM1D protein1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
G3003
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B2002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20022
Interferon beta3003
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 3003
Glucocorticoid receptor0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Androgen receptor0202
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 13003
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
Ataxin-22002
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial3003
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase2002
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
Chain A, Ferritin light chain3003
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
endonuclease IV1001
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
USP1 protein, partial1001
TDP1 protein4004
regulator of G-protein signaling 42002
farnesoid X nuclear receptor2002
Parkin1001
arylsulfatase A2002
aryl hydrocarbon receptor2002
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 23003
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 12002
peripheral myelin protein 221001
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-40101
Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0112
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H0101
Adenosine receptor A30101
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0202
Cannabinoid receptor 10202
Cytochrome P450 2J20202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-30101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0112
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-10101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-20101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
TAR DNA-binding protein 432002
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0112
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0112
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C0101
Voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-40101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-30101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit0101
Bile acid receptor0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-20101
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit0101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit0101
pregnane X receptor1001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase1001
SMAD family member 21001
SMAD family member 31001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)1001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Cellular tumor antigen p531001
Cytochrome P450 3A40101
Histamine H2 receptor1001
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0101
Carboxypeptidase M0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0426
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0214
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a2002
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2013
Bile salt export pump0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12013
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22013
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22013
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
GABA theta subunit2013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2013
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0011
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0011
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]