fomesafen has been researched along with Bronchial Spasm in 61 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 47 (77.05) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 3 (4.92) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 6 (9.84) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 5 (8.20) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Adcock, JJ; Belvisi, MG; Birrell, MA; Bonvini, SJ; Carlsten, C; Chen, S; Dubuis, ED; Hu, S; Maher, SA; McGilvery, CM; Mudway, IS; Porter, AE; Robinson, RK; Shaffer, MSP; Tetley, TD; Wortley, MA | 1 |
Bhatt, NK; Chi, JJ; Dang, RP; Rizzi, CJ | 1 |
Bolser, DC; Canning, BJ; Chang, AB; Mazzone, SB; McGarvey, L; Smith, JA | 1 |
Flores, JR | 1 |
van den Aardweg, JG | 1 |
PETERS, RM | 1 |
GUERRANT, JL; PEARSALL, HR | 1 |
Canning, BJ; Mazzone, SB; Mori, N | 1 |
Canning, BJ | 1 |
Dilip, KK; Gopinath, R; Jonnavithula, N; Nirmala, J; Padmaja, D | 1 |
Groeben, H; Peters, J | 1 |
Ado, AD | 2 |
Goto, K; Hosokawa, T; Kamei, J; Misawa, M; Ohtani, K; Yanaura, S | 1 |
Götz, M | 1 |
Altounyan, RE | 1 |
Lanser, K; Sill, V | 1 |
Atkins, FM; Fanning, M; Georgitis, JW; Middleton, E | 1 |
Higenbottam, T | 1 |
Bedell, GN; Godsey, K; Zavala, DC | 1 |
Downes, H; Gerber, N; Hirshman, CA | 2 |
Lloyd, TC | 1 |
Hayden, J; Schoenwald, PK; Sprung, J | 1 |
Canning, BJ; Mazzone, SB; Reynolds, SM | 1 |
Canning, BJ; Mazzone, SB | 1 |
Vaage, J | 1 |
Aviado, DM | 1 |
Boucher, RC; Hogg, JC; Paré, PD | 1 |
Gayrard, P; Orehek, J | 1 |
Morr, H; Morr-Strathmann, U | 1 |
Jammes, Y; Orehek, J | 1 |
Dunnill, MS | 1 |
Lenfant, C; Newball, HH | 1 |
Ulmer, WT; Weller, W; Zimmermann, I | 1 |
Kubínyi, J; Sutarík, L; Tomori, Z | 1 |
Berger, D; Nolte, D | 1 |
Shephard, RJ | 1 |
Paintal, AS | 1 |
Kaukel, E; Lanser, K; Sill, V | 1 |
Nagy, L; Vass, K; Vastag, E | 1 |
Islam, MS; Ulmer, WT | 1 |
Korpas, J; Widdicombe, JG | 1 |
Anderson, N; Choudry, NB; Fuller, RW; Karlsson, JA | 1 |
Biggs, DF; Goel, V | 1 |
Abraham, W; Baugh, L; Lahr, P; Matthews, E | 1 |
Altiere, RJ; Diamond, L; Gillespie, MN; Szarek, JL | 1 |
Ma, JY | 1 |
Chan-Yeung, M; Lam, S | 1 |
Strohl, KP; van Lunteren, E | 1 |
Mathew, OP; Sant'Ambrogio, G | 1 |
Amyot, R; Couture, J; Jeanneret-Grosjean, A; Michoud, MC | 1 |
Berk, JL; Lenner, KA; McFadden, ER | 1 |
Bai, TR; Martin, JG; Shore, SA; Wang, CG | 1 |
Maldonado, J; Marco, V; Pellicer, C; Perpiñá, M; Ponce, J | 1 |
Yoshida, M | 1 |
Islam, MS; Melville, GN; Ulmer, WT | 1 |
Bergman, NA; Brakensiek, AL | 1 |
Mills, JE; Widdicombe, JG | 1 |
McCulloch, MW; Proctor, C; Rand, MJ | 1 |
Catanese, B; Cioli, V; Garau, A; Pozzatti, C; Silvestrini, B | 1 |
13 review(s) available for fomesafen and Bronchial Spasm
Article | Year |
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Anatomy and neurophysiology of cough: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel report.
Topics: Bronchial Spasm; Cough; Expert Testimony; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Male; Mechanoreceptors; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Respiratory Muscles; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vagus Nerve | 2014 |
[The different types of dyspnoea].
Topics: Bronchial Spasm; Chemoreceptor Cells; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyspnea; Humans; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors; Reflex | 2013 |
Anatomy and neurophysiology of the cough reflex: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.
Topics: Animals; Bronchial Spasm; Cough; Humans; Reflex; Respiratory Muscles; Respiratory System; Vagus Nerve | 2006 |
[Bronchial responsiveness in children with asthma--their reactions to non-specific and specific stimuli].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adolescent; Aerosols; Airway Resistance; Asthma; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Croup; Fenoterol; Histamine; Humans; Influenza, Human; Mast Cells; Mechanoreceptors; Nucleotides, Cyclic; Receptors, Adrenergic; Reflex; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Hypersensitivity | 1982 |
[Bronchial motor tonus].
Topics: Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Humans; Mechanoreceptors; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Smooth; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Receptors, Drug; Reflex; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1981 |
Cellular mechanisms in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of asthma.
Topics: Aged; Airway Obstruction; Asthma; Atropine; Bronchial Spasm; Calcium; Eosinophils; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Mast Cells; Middle Aged; Mucus; Parasympathomimetics; Reflex; Respiratory Function Tests | 1981 |
Regulation of bronchomotor tone during anesthesia.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Medulla; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Animals; Asthma; Axons; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Carotid Artery, Internal; Chemoreceptor Cells; Cough; Ganglia, Autonomic; Histamine Release; Medulla Oblongata; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Smooth; Nicotine; Parasympatholytics; Pressoreceptors; Receptors, Drug; Reflex; Respiratory Insufficiency; Respiratory System; Smoking; Sympathomimetics; Vagus Nerve | 1975 |
Some aspects of pulmonary defence.
Topics: Antibody Formation; Bronchial Spasm; Cilia; Cough; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin A; Lung; Lymphatic System; Macrophages; Mucus; Particle Size; Pulmonary Alveoli; Reflex; Respiration; Respiratory System; Virus Diseases | 1979 |
Aspects of the cough reflex.
Topics: Bronchial Spasm; Cough; Humans; Lung; Nerve Fibers; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells | 1991 |
Occupational asthma.
Topics: Asthma; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchitis; Byssinosis; Cyanates; Dust; Edible Grain; Forecasting; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Insecticides; Lignans; Naphthols; Occupational Diseases; Organophosphorus Compounds; Prognosis; Reflex; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Serology; Skin Tests; Smoking; Terminology as Topic | 1986 |
The muscles of the upper airways.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Bronchial Spasm; Humans; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Laryngeal Diseases; Larynx; Lip; Mechanoreceptors; Muscles; Neuromuscular Diseases; Nose; Palate, Soft; Pharynx; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors; Reflex; Respiration; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Respiratory System; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Vagus Nerve; Vocal Cords | 1986 |
Laryngeal receptors and their reflex responses.
Topics: Bronchial Spasm; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cough; Deglutition; Humans; Irritants; Larynx; Mucus; Pressoreceptors; Receptors, Drug; Reflex; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Sensory Receptor Cells | 1986 |
[Bronchial tonus].
Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Dogs; Humans; Lung; Lung Compliance; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Smooth; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1972 |
2 trial(s) available for fomesafen and Bronchial Spasm
Article | Year |
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Lidocaine exerts its effect on induced bronchospasm by mitigating reflexes, rather than by attenuation of smooth muscle contraction.
Topics: Adult; Airway Resistance; Anesthetics, Local; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchial Spasm; Double-Blind Method; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Methacholine Chloride; Muscle, Smooth; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Propiophenones; Reflex | 2007 |
Cold-induced bronchoconstriction: role of cutaneous reflexes vs. direct airway effects.
Topics: Adult; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Cold Temperature; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Male; Reflex; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Skin Physiological Phenomena | 1987 |
46 other study(ies) available for fomesafen and Bronchial Spasm
Article | Year |
---|---|
Mechanistic link between diesel exhaust particles and respiratory reflexes.
Topics: Aged; Air Pollutants; Animals; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Particulate Matter; Reflex; Vehicle Emissions | 2018 |
Oculorespiratory Reflex During Repair of an Orbital Fracture.
Topics: Adult; Bronchial Spasm; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Oculomotor Muscles; Orbital Fractures; Reflex; Respiration, Artificial; Tomography, X-Ray Computed | 2019 |
Seven Protective Reflexes Every Dentist Should Know.
Topics: Acclimatization; Aerosols; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Local; Asthma; Behavior Control; Bronchial Spasm; Cough; Dental Care; Gagging; Humans; Laryngismus; Reflex | 2016 |
Bronchospasm due to increased carbon dioxide in inspired air; a vagal reflex.
Topics: Acidosis, Respiratory; Bronchial Spasm; Carbon Dioxide; Cell Respiration; Reflex; Respiration; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Spasm | 1955 |
Reflex bronchospasm caused by localized airway obstruction, an asthma-like syndrome.
Topics: Airway Obstruction; Asthma; Bronchi; Bronchial Diseases; Bronchial Spasm; Disease; Humans; Reflex; Spasm | 1960 |
Synergistic interactions between airway afferent nerve subtypes regulating the cough reflex in guinea-pigs.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Bradykinin; Bronchial Spasm; Capsaicin; Citric Acid; Cough; Guinea Pigs; Lung; Male; Mechanoreceptors; Microinjections; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Reflex; Substance P; Tachykinins | 2005 |
"Kratschmer" reflex during rhinoplasty.
Topics: Bronchial Spasm; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reflex; Rhinoplasty | 2006 |
[Pathophysiology of bronchial asthma].
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchial Spasm; Humans; Mice; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Cholinergic; Reflex | 1984 |
Analysis of the vagal reflex tracheal constriction in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Constriction, Pathologic; Dogs; Histamine; Isoproterenol; Pentobarbital; Reflex; Trachea; Vagus Nerve | 1984 |
Pharmacology of disodium cromoglycate.
Topics: Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Cromolyn Sodium; Histamine; Humans; Physical Exertion; Reflex; Sulfur Dioxide | 1980 |
Narrowing of glottis opening in humans associated with experimentally induced bronchoconstriction.
Topics: Adult; Bronchial Spasm; Glottis; Histamine; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Muscles; Reflex | 1980 |
The response to atropine sulfate given by aerosol and intramuscular routes to patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Asthma; Atropine; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchoscopy; Female; Fiber Optic Technology; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Lung Volume Measurements; Male; Middle Aged; Premedication; Reflex | 1981 |
Intravenous lidocaine in reflex and allergic bronchoconstriction.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Antigens; Ascaris; Bronchial Spasm; Citrates; Dogs; Hypersensitivity; Injections, Intravenous; Lidocaine; Reflex | 1980 |
I.V. lignocaine in reflex and allergic bronchoconstriction.
Topics: Animals; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchial Spasm; Dogs; Infusions, Parenteral; Lidocaine; Reflex | 1980 |
Reflex effects of left heart and pulmonary vascular distension on airways of dogs.
Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Bronchial Spasm; Dogs; Female; Heart; Heart Failure; Lung; Lung Compliance; Male; Reflex; Vagus Nerve | 1980 |
Bronchospasm and "reflex right upper lobe atelectasis".
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Bronchial Spasm; Female; Humans; Pulmonary Atelectasis; Reflex | 1998 |
Multiple mechanisms of reflex bronchospasm in guinea pigs.
Topics: Animals; Bradykinin; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Capsaicin; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Insufflation; Lung; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nervous System; Pressure; Pulmonary Circulation; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Tachykinins; Trachea; Vasodilation | 2001 |
Synergistic interactions between airway afferent nerve subtypes mediating reflex bronchospasm in guinea pigs.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Bronchial Spasm; Capsaicin; Cholinergic Fibers; Guinea Pigs; Laryngeal Mucosa; Laryngeal Nerves; Male; Muscle Contraction; Nerve Fibers; Reflex; Trachea | 2002 |
Vagal reflexes in the bronchoconstriction occurring after induced intravascular platelet aggregation.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Cats; Collagen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indomethacin; Lung Compliance; Partial Pressure; Platelet Aggregation; Reflex; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve; Vascular Resistance | 1976 |
Bronchial mucosal permeability.
Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Ascaris; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Cell Membrane Permeability; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Haplorhini; Histamine; Mast Cells; Mucous Membrane; Reflex; Respiration | 1979 |
[Paradoxical effect of forced inspiration: a new characteristic of asthmatic disease?].
Topics: Asthma; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Humans; Inhalation; Reflex | 1976 |
Influence of inhalation anaesthetics on bronchomotor tone--animal experiments on vago-vagal reflex bronchoconstriction.
Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Enflurane; Halothane; Rabbits; Reflex; Vagus Nerve | 1979 |
[Ventilatory response to lung inflation after induced bronchospasm in healthy conscious subjects (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Airway Resistance; Bronchial Spasm; Carbachol; Functional Residual Capacity; Humans; Lung Volume Measurements; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors; Reflex; Respiration; Tidal Volume | 1977 |
The influence of atropine and cromolyn on human bronchial hyperreactivity to aerosolized prostaglandin F2 alpha.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Resistance; Asthma; Atropine; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Cromolyn Sodium; Female; Humans; Lung Volume Measurements; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Prostaglandins F; Reflex; Spirometry | 1977 |
The role of upper airways and of sensoric receptors on reflex bronchoconstriction.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Allergens; Animals; Ascaris; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Dogs; Female; Glossopharyngeal Nerve; Laryngeal Nerves; Male; Reflex; Sensory Receptor Cells; Vagus Nerve | 1979 |
[Reflex bronchospasm induced by cigarette smoke from the upper respiratory tract in rabbits (author's transl)].
Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Bronchial Spasm; Rabbits; Reflex; Respiration; Smoking | 1979 |
On nasobronchial reflex in asthmatic patients.
Topics: Airway Resistance; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Cold Temperature; Humans; Reflex | 1979 |
Exercise-induced bronchospasm-a review.
Topics: Acidosis, Respiratory; Adult; Airway Resistance; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Child; Humans; Hypercapnia; Hyperventilation; Hypoxia; Lactates; Physical Exertion; Reflex; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Running; Trachea | 1977 |
The nature and effects of sensory inputs into the respiratory centers.
Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Biguanides; Bronchial Spasm; Cats; Cough; Dogs; Histamine; Mechanoreceptors; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors; Receptors, Histamine; Reflex; Respiration; Respiratory Center; Sensory Receptor Cells | 1977 |
[Reflector and topical-irritation induced bronchial constriction].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Airway Resistance; Animals; Bronchial Spasm; Histamine; Isotonic Solutions; Rabbits; Reflex | 1976 |
Bronchoconstriction reflex in bronchial asthma.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Airway Resistance; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Histamine; Humans; Reflex | 1976 |
[Local oversensitivity of sensoric receptors as cause of reflectoric airway obstruction (author's transl)].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Airway Obstruction; Animals; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Dogs; Esophagus; Histamine; Pressure; Receptors, Cholinergic; Reflex; Respiration; Sodium Chloride; Tidal Volume; Vagus Nerve | 1975 |
Separation of cough and reflex bronchoconstriction by inhaled local anaesthetics.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Bronchial Spasm; Capsaicin; Cough; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Neural Conduction; Propiophenones; Reflex | 1990 |
Does capsaicin cause reflex bronchospasm in guinea-pigs?
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Agents; Bronchial Spasm; Capsaicin; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hemodynamics; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Neurons, Afferent; Pulmonary Circulation; Reflex; Respiration; Substance P | 1985 |
[Various mechanisms of disorders of bronchial patency].
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Cholinesterases; Dogs; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Receptors, Cholinergic; Reflex | 1989 |
Pharmacological profile of MDL 26,024GO: a novel antiasthmatic agent.
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Ascaris; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchodilator Agents; Macaca fascicularis; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis; Quinolines; Reflex; Respiratory System; Sheep; Tetrazoles; Time Factors | 1989 |
Reflex activation of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory nervous system in feline airways.
Topics: Airway Resistance; Animals; Autonomic Nerve Block; Bronchial Spasm; Cats; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Female; Ganglia, Autonomic; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Laryngeal Mucosa; Laryngeal Nerves; Male; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Neural Inhibition; Physical Stimulation; Propranolol; Reflex; Serotonin; Vagus Nerve | 1986 |
[The role of vagal reflex on adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma].
Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Female; Humans; Male; Reflex; Vagus Nerve | 1988 |
Reflex decrease of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction after laryngeal stimulation in humans.
Topics: Adult; Airway Resistance; Autonomic Nervous System; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchial Spasm; Cough; Female; Histamine; Humans; Laryngeal Nerves; Male; Neural Pathways; Physical Stimulation; Reflex | 1987 |
Central and local cholinergic components of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Bronchial Spasm; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Histamine; Lung; Lung Compliance; Male; Methacholine Chloride; Methacholine Compounds; Muscle, Smooth; Reflex; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve | 1985 |
The significance of the reflex bronchoconstriction provoked by gastroesophageal reflux in bronchial asthma.
Topics: Adult; Airway Resistance; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Ventilation; Reflex | 1985 |
Role of atropine in antagonizing the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on bronchial and pulmonary vascular systems.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Dogs; Injections, Intravenous; Pulmonary Circulation; Reflex; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists | 1974 |
The effects of halothane and atropine on total respiratory resistance in anesthetized man.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Resistance; Anesthesia, General; Atropine; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Chronic Disease; Halothane; Humans; Lung Compliance; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth; Nitrous Oxide; Reflex; Respiration; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Spirometry; Thiopental; Tubocurarine | 1970 |
Role of the vagus nerves in anaphylaxis and histamine-induced bronchoconstrictions in guinea-pigs.
Topics: Airway Resistance; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Constriction; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Lung Compliance; Reflex; Respiration; Spirometry; Vagus Nerve | 1970 |
Evidence for an adrenergic homeostatic bronchodilator reflex mechanism.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Bronchodilator Agents; Cats; Dogs; Drug Synergism; Guanethidine; Guinea Pigs; Hexamethonium Compounds; Histamine; Homeostasis; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Pressure; Propranolol; Rats; Reflex; Reserpine; Sympathetic Nervous System; Trachea | 1967 |
Additional pharmacological studies on benzydamine.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticonvulsants; Blood Pressure; Bronchial Spasm; Cats; Codeine; Conditioning, Classical; Dextropropoxyphene; Gastrointestinal Motility; In Vitro Techniques; Intestine, Small; Mice; Rabbits; Rats; Reflex; Reserpine; Respiration | 1966 |