fomesafen has been researched along with glutamic acid in 161 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 22 (13.66) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 37 (22.98) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 71 (44.10) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 28 (17.39) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (1.86) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Hou, ZL; Wang, XM; Yuan, B | 1 |
| Currie, SN; Stein, PS | 1 |
| Miura, M | 1 |
| Kawarada, K; Kowada, K; Matsumoto, N | 1 |
| Iwamoto, ET | 1 |
| Kihara, M; Kubo, T; Misu, Y | 1 |
| Grundemar, L; Reis, DJ; Wahlestedt, C | 1 |
| Kihara, M; Kubo, T | 1 |
| Cusick, CG; Dempesy, CW; Fontana, CJ; Richardson, DE | 1 |
| Koshiya, N; Kumada, M; Masuda, N; Terui, N | 1 |
| Iwamoto, GA; Waldrop, TG | 1 |
| Han, J; Mao, L; Wang, Q | 1 |
| Gebhart, GF; Zhuo, M | 2 |
| Carstens, E; Hartung, M; Stelzer, B; Zimmermann, M | 1 |
| Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Woolf, C | 1 |
| Duranti, R; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z | 1 |
| Otsuka, M; Yanagisawa, M | 1 |
| Henry, JL; Sessle, BJ | 1 |
| Gebhart, GF; Jones, SL | 1 |
| Gebhart, GF; Ossipov, MH | 1 |
| Masaki, M; Shinozaki, H | 1 |
| Gordon, FJ | 1 |
| Aimone, LD; Gebhart, GF | 1 |
| Bishop, VS; Hasser, EM; Haywood, JR; Nelson, DO | 1 |
| Chai, CY; Chan, SH; Kuo, JS; Lin, AM; Lin, YF; Pan, CM | 1 |
| Morrison, S; Reis, DJ; Sapru, HN; Willette, RN | 1 |
| Atkins, JN; Cruz, JM; Jackson, DV; Muss, HB; Richards, F; Wells, HB; White, DR; Zekan, PJ | 1 |
| Gebhart, GF; Randich, A; Roose, MG | 1 |
| Kul'chitskiĭ, VA; Tkachenko, BI | 1 |
| Granata, AR; Perrone, MH; Reis, DJ; Talman, WT | 1 |
| Brennan, MJ; Kramer, S; Loots, JM | 1 |
| Ito, M | 1 |
| Granata, AR; Reis, DJ | 1 |
| Granata, AR; Reis, DJ; Talman, WT | 1 |
| Coderre, TJ; Yashpal, K | 1 |
| de Groat, WC; Hisamitsu, T; Matsumoto, G | 1 |
| Czachurski, J; Offner, B; Seller, H; Zanzinger, J | 1 |
| Inui, K; Nosaka, S | 1 |
| Chai, CY; Horng, HT; Liu, JC; Ma, JC; Wang, SD; Wayner, MJ; Wu, WC | 1 |
| de Groat, WC; Roppolo, JR; Yoshiyama, M | 1 |
| Sved, AF; Tsukamoto, K; Yin, M | 1 |
| Murase, S; Nosaka, S; Takayama, M | 1 |
| de Groat, WC; Roppolo, JR; Thor, KB; Yoshiyama, M | 1 |
| Colombari, E; Menani, JV; Talman, WT | 1 |
| Iwabuchi, N | 1 |
| Jia, H; Tang, JS; Yuan, B; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Kawakita, K; Sumiya, E | 1 |
| Heinricher, MM; Roychowdhury, SM | 1 |
| Kasparov, S; Paton, JF | 1 |
| Chianca Júnior, DA; Colombari, E; Haibara, AS; Machado, BH; Mauad, H | 1 |
| Amano, M; Asari, T; Fukumori, R; Hagiwara, Y; Kubo, T | 1 |
| Cairns, BE; Hu, JW; Sessle, BJ | 2 |
| Barbeau, H; Bouyer, L; Brustein, E; Chau, C; Giroux, N; Reader, TA; Rossignol, S | 1 |
| Chitravanshi, VC; Sapru, HN | 1 |
| Chan, JY; Len, WB | 1 |
| Ally, A; Chaiyakul, P; Lillaney, R; Maher, TJ | 1 |
| Castellucci, VF; Storozhuk, MV | 1 |
| Czachurski, J; Zanzinger, J | 1 |
| Bedol, D; Dreshaj, IA; Ferguson, DG; Haxhiu, MA; Yamamoto, B | 1 |
| Rankin, CH; Wicks, SR | 1 |
| Edwards, E; Paton, JF | 1 |
| Chavez, JC; Dreshaj, IA; Erokwu, B; Haxhiu, MA; Pichiule, P | 1 |
| Barceló, AC; Belforte, JE; Pazo, JH | 1 |
| Fukuda, H; Furukawa, N; Hatano, M | 1 |
| Owens, NC; Verberne, AJ | 1 |
| Mishina, M; Seo, N; Takeuchi, T; Wainai, T | 1 |
| de Groat, WC; Namiki, M; Yokoyama, O; Yoshiyama, M | 1 |
| Basilico, C; Korada, S; Schwartz, ML; Vaccarino, FM; Zheng, W | 1 |
| Bieger, D; Dong, H; Loomis, CW | 1 |
| Lang, EJ | 1 |
| Hamon, M; Laguzzi, R; Maisonneuve, B; Sévoz-Couche, C | 1 |
| Cattaert, D; Le Bon-Jego, M | 1 |
| Bereiter, DA; Cairns, BE; Hu, JW; Sessle, BJ; Sim, Y | 1 |
| Wu, E | 1 |
| Fogel, R; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Sundin, L; Taylor, EW; Turesson, J | 1 |
| Lin, TB | 2 |
| Carley, DW; Pavlovic, S; Radulovacki, M; Saponjic, J | 2 |
| Madden, CJ; Sved, AF | 1 |
| Van Gelder, RN | 1 |
| Ashitomi, K; Hatano, T; Miyazato, M; Nishijima, S; Ogawa, Y; Sugaya, K | 1 |
| SCHWOBEL, G; TAMM, J | 1 |
| CURTIS, DR; PHILLIS, JW; WATKINS, JC | 1 |
| Alaburda, A; Hounsgaard, J | 1 |
| Burleson, M; Sundin, L; Turesson, J | 1 |
| Li, WC; Roberts, A; Soffe, SR | 1 |
| Antonelli, T; Carai, MA; Carta, F; Castelli, MP; Cignarella, G; Ferraro, L; Gessa, GL; Mocci, I; Tanganelli, S | 1 |
| Delaney, A; Fleetwood-Walker, SM; Garry, EM; Mitchell, R; Moss, A; Rosie, R | 1 |
| Bereiter, DA; Hirata, H; Okamoto, K; Tashiro, A | 1 |
| Carley, DW; Pavlovic, S; Radulovacki, M | 1 |
| Ashitomi, K; Miyazato, M; Morozumi, M; Nishijima, S; Ogawa, Y; Sugaya, K | 1 |
| Honda, M; Ono, H; Shimizu, S; Tanabe, M | 1 |
| Belforte, JE; Pazo, JH | 1 |
| de Groat, WC; Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Liu, H; Yao, S | 1 |
| Chen, CH; Chen, KJ; Chen, LW; Cheng, CL; Ho, YC; Huang, PC; Liao, JM; Lin, JJ; Lin, TB | 1 |
| Ito, S; Ohta, T; Otsuguro, K | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Li, Y; Song, G; Wang, G; Wang, H; Yu, S; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Ishizuka, K; Murakami, T; Oskutyte, D; Satoh, Y | 1 |
| Chen, GD; Chen, JC; Chen, MJ; Ho, YC; Huang, PC; Liao, JM; Lin, JJ; Lin, SY; Lin, TB; Pan, SF; Peng, HY | 1 |
| Ally, A; Kabadi, S; Maher, TJ; Patel, M; Phattanarudee, S | 1 |
| Chang, YT; Chen, MJ; Cheng, CL; Huang, PC; Lee, SD; Liao, JM; Lin, TB; Pan, SF; Tang, CY; Tsai, MC | 1 |
| Delgado-Lezama, R; Hounsgaard, J; Russo, RE | 1 |
| Machado, BH; Weissheimer, KV | 1 |
| Ashitomi, K; Miyazato, M; Nishijima, S; Ogawa, Y; Sugaya, K | 1 |
| Chen, CH; Chen, KJ; Cheng, CL; Ho, YC; Hsu, TH; Liao, JM; Lin, TB; Liou, JT; Peng, HY; Tung, KC | 1 |
| Fu, LW; Guo, ZL; Longhurst, JC; Zhou, W | 1 |
| Chen, GD; Chen, MJ; Huang, PC; Liao, JM; Lin, TB; Liou, YM; Pan, SF; Peng, HY; Shyu, JC; Tung, KC | 1 |
| Bonagamba, LG; Braccialli, AL; Braga, VA; de Paula, PM; Machado, BH; Paton, JF; Soriano, RN | 1 |
| Carley, DW; Isenovic, ER; Radulovacki, M | 1 |
| Dohi, T; Endo, C; Irifune, M; Kawahara, M; Kikuchi, N; Morita, K; Saida, T; Sato, T; Shimizu, Y; Takarada, T | 1 |
| Kawabe, K; Kawabe, T; Sapru, HN | 1 |
| Chen, GD; Cheng, CL; Cheng, YW; Chou, D; Ho, YC; Hsu, TH; Lee, SD; Lin, TB; Peng, HY; Tung, KC | 1 |
| Browning, KN; Wan, S | 1 |
| Chen, AD; De, W; Duan, YC; Gao, XY; Xu, B; Zhong, MK; Zhu, GQ | 1 |
| Aida, T; Banerjee, P; Danysz, W; Filipkowski, RK; Kaczmarek, L; Kiryk, A; Knapska, E; Meyza, K; Tanaka, K; Wilczynski, GM | 1 |
| Kitta, T; Matsumoto, M; Mitsui, T; Nonomura, K; Tanaka, H; Yoshioka, M | 1 |
| Carley, DW; Radulovacki, M; Stoiljkovic, M | 1 |
| Gao, Z; King, N; Koba, S; Li, J; Lu, J; Sinoway, L; Xing, J | 1 |
| Asano, K; Chancellor, MB; de Groat, WC; Egawa, S; Furuta, A; Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Chen, GD; Chiu, CH; Hsien, MC; Lai, CY; Lee, SD; Liao, JM; Lin, TB; Lu, HT; Peng, HY; Tung, KC | 1 |
| Jackson, VM; Wayman, CP; Wilson, LA | 1 |
| Barani, H; Halasova, E; Jakus, J; Knocikova, J; Poliacek, I; Visnovcova, N | 1 |
| Finger, TE; Ikenaga, T; Ogura, T | 1 |
| Manalo, E; Pietri, T; Ryan, J; Saint-Amant, L; Washbourne, P | 1 |
| Ishizuka, K; Murakami, T; Satoh, Y | 1 |
| Kondo, S; Matsumoto, M; Ueda, H; Usdin, TB | 1 |
| Ishii, H; Izumi, H; Niioka, T | 1 |
| Johansson, M; Sundin, L; Turesson, J | 1 |
| Koganezawa, T; Shimomura, Y; Terui, N | 1 |
| Kitamura, A; Niijima, A; Sato, W; Torii, K; Uneyama, H | 1 |
| Goyagi, T; Nishikawa, T; Tobe, Y | 1 |
| Coolen, LM; de Oliveira, CV; Lehman, MN; McKenna, KE; Staudt, MD | 1 |
| Ashitomi, K; Kadekawa, K; Nishijima, S; Sugaya, K; Yamamoto, H | 1 |
| Du, JQ; Han, M; Huo, FQ; Liu, XH; Sun, N; Tang, JS; Zhu, JX | 1 |
| Machado, BH; Moraes, DJ; Zoccal, DB | 1 |
| Akrami, A; Bianchetti, E; Bonanno, G; Kuzhandaivel, A; Milanese, M; Nasrabady, SE; Nistri, A | 1 |
| Chancellor, MB; Hikita, K; Hinata, N; Honda, M; Muraoka, K; Saito, M; Takenaka, A; Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Kitagawa, J; Mostafeezur, RM; Takatsuji, H; Yamada, Y; Yamamura, K; Zakir, HM | 1 |
| Guo, ZL; Li, M; Longhurst, JC; Tjen-A-Looi, SC | 1 |
| Du, JQ; Han, M; Li, Q; Liu, XH; Sun, N; Tang, JS; Zhu, JX | 1 |
| Mendelowitz, D; Woerman, AL | 1 |
| Ishizuka, K; Iwasaki, S; Nagamine, Y; Satoh, Y; Yajima, E | 1 |
| Iwata, K; Kitagawa, J; Mostafeezur, RM; Shinoda, M; Takahashi, K; Takatsuji, H; Unno, S; Yamada, Y; Yamamura, K; Zakir, HM | 1 |
| Chang, JC; Chang, WP; Chen, IM; Cheng, JK; Chiu, HF; Lin, CH; Lin, CI; Lin, PH | 1 |
| Cahoon, EB; Cahoon, R; Patel, KP; Wang, HJ; Zheng, H; Zucker, IH | 1 |
| Lebedeva, SA; Mikhailova, LI; Perfilova, VN; Tyurenkov, IN; Zhakupova, GA | 1 |
| Dombrowski, MD; Llewellyn-Smith, IJ; Mischel, NA; Mueller, PJ; Subramanian, M | 1 |
| Inoue, M; Ishizuka, K; Satoh, Y; Tsuji, K; Tsujimura, T | 1 |
| Chiba, H; Kanno, Y; Kitta, T; Mitsui, T; Moriya, K; Ohmura, Y; Shinohara, N; Yoshioka, M | 1 |
| Chen, FX; Li, LX; Li, YQ; Qi, QQ; Wang, P; Zhao, DY; Zuo, XL | 1 |
| Friedrich, VL; Holstein, GR; Martinelli, GP | 1 |
| Hamamoto, H; Kheawfu, K; Okonogi, S; Pikulkaew, S; Sekimizu, K | 1 |
| Hasser, EM; Kline, DD; Matott, MP | 1 |
| Hatam, M; Ketabchi, F; Mirzaei-Damabi, N; Nasimi, A; Yeganeh, F | 1 |
| Bolser, DC; Davenport, PW; Kotmanova, Z; Martvon, L; Musselwhite, MN; Pitts, T; Poliacek, I; Rose, MJ; Shen, TY | 1 |
| Ohkoshi, S; Sakazume, T; Satoh, Y | 1 |
5 review(s) available for fomesafen and glutamic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Autonomic processing of the cardiovascular reflexes in the nucleus tractus solitarii.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Chemoreceptor Cells; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Potassium Cyanide; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Reflex; Serotonin; Solitary Nucleus | 1997 |
Making (a) sense of non-visual ocular photoreception.
Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Cryptochromes; Drosophila Proteins; Eye Proteins; Flavoproteins; Geniculate Bodies; Glutamic Acid; Melatonin; Neuropeptides; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Pupil; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Reflex; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Rod Opsins; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus | 2003 |
Modulation of reflex and sleep related apnea by pedunculopontine tegmental and intertrigeminal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Apnea; Brain Mapping; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Nerve Net; Neurons; Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus; Reflex; Respiration; Sleep; Trigeminal Nuclei | 2004 |
Mechanisms underlying the recovery of lower urinary tract function following spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Brain; Efferent Pathways; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Interneurons; Nerve Growth Factors; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Potassium Channels; Reflex; Sodium Channels; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Synaptic Transmission; Tachykinins; Urinary Bladder; Urination Disorders; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | 2006 |
(In)activity-related neuroplasticity in brainstem control of sympathetic outflow: unraveling underlying molecular, cellular, and anatomical mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Exercise; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Neuronal Plasticity; Reflex; Risk Factors; Sedentary Behavior; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 2015 |
1 trial(s) available for fomesafen and glutamic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Amelioration of vincristine neurotoxicity by glutamic acid.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Constipation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Mental Processes; Middle Aged; Nervous System; Paresthesia; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Reflex; Vincristine | 1988 |
155 other study(ies) available for fomesafen and glutamic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Role of the deep mesencephalic nucleus in the antinociception induced by stimulation of the anterior pretectal nucleus in rats.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Mesencephalon; Microinjections; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Tail | 1992 |
Glutamate antagonists applied to midbody spinal cord segments reduce the excitability of the fictive rostral scratch reflex in the turtle.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Thorax; Turtles | 1992 |
[Circulatory regulation mechanism of the central nervous system].
Topics: Animals; Electrophysiology; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hemodynamics; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Reflex; Vasomotor System | 1992 |
Conditioning stimulation of the central amygdaloid nucleus inhibits the jaw-opening reflex in the cat.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Brain Stem; Cats; Conditioning, Classical; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Jaw; Neck Muscles; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Reflex; Trigeminal Nuclei | 1992 |
Characterization of the antinociception induced by nicotine in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the nucleus raphe magnus.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Dioxolanes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hemicholinium 3; Male; Mecamylamine; Medulla Oblongata; Naloxone; Nicotine; Procainamide; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex | 1991 |
Ipsilateral but not contralateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the caudal ventrolateral medulla inhibits aortic baroreceptor reflex in rats.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Dizocilpine Maleate; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Muscimol; N-Methylaspartate; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Long-lasting inhibition of the cardiovascular responses to glutamate and the baroreceptor reflex elicited by neuropeptide Y injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Injections; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neuropeptide Y; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Stereotaxic Techniques | 1991 |
Unilateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii produces an inhibition of baroreflexes in rats.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Pressure; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex | 1991 |
A sympathoinhibitory area in cat rostral medulla: its role in cardiovascular tone regulation and baroreflex.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Muscimol; Phentolamine; Pressoreceptors; Propranolol; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Muscarinic; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vagotomy | 1991 |
Neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla mediate the arterial baroreceptor reflex by inhibiting barosensitive reticulospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Mapping; Carotid Sinus; Depression, Chemical; Efferent Pathways; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hemodynamics; Injections; Kainic Acid; Kidney; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Pressoreceptors; Rabbits; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical; Vasomotor System | 1991 |
Cardiovascular responses to chemical stimulation of the inferior olive in the cat.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Cats; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Homocysteine; Kainic Acid; Olivary Nucleus; Pressoreceptors; Reflex | 1991 |
Characterization of inhibition of spinal nociceptive reflex by stimulation of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in the pentobarbital-anesthetized rat.
Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Injections; Nociceptors; Pain Measurement; Pentobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 1990 |
Characterization of descending inhibition and facilitation from the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and gigantocellularis pars alpha in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Tail | 1990 |
Suppression of a hind limb flexion withdrawal reflex by microinjection of glutamate or morphine into the periaqueductal gray in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hindlimb; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical | 1990 |
Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide synergistically modulate the gain of the nociceptive flexor withdrawal reflex in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Drug Synergism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Injections, Spinal; Leg; Motor Neurons; Muscles; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nociceptors; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Reflex; Substance P; Toes | 1986 |
D-Arg1, D-Trp7,9, Leu11-substance P (spantide) does not antagonize substance P-induced hyperexcitability of the nociceptive flexion withdrawal reflex in the rat.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Injections, Spinal; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Substance P | 1987 |
Effect of a tachykinin antagonist on a nociceptive reflex in the isolated spinal cord-tail preparation of the newborn rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium; Capsaicin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Neuropeptides; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nociceptors; Rats; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Tail; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone | 1988 |
Effects of glutamate, substance P and eledoisin-related peptide on solitary tract neurones involved in respiration and respiratory reflexes.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Cats; Eledoisin; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Interneurons; Medulla Oblongata; Reflex; Respiration; Respiratory Center; Substance P | 1985 |
Characterization of coeruleospinal inhibition of the nociceptive tail-flick reflex in the rat: mediation by spinal alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Animals; Efferent Pathways; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Pain; Pons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Reflex; Spinal Cord | 1986 |
Characterization of inhibition of the spinal nociceptive tail-flick reflex in the rat from the medullary lateral reticular nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Haloperidol; Injections, Spinal; Male; Methysergide; Microinjections; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Phentolamine; Prazosin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Reticular Formation; Spinal Cord; Yohimbine | 1986 |
A new class of potent centrally acting muscle relaxants: pharmacology of oxazolidinones in rat decerebrate rigidity.
Topics: Animals; Azepines; Decerebrate State; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Male; Motor Endplate; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Rigidity; Neurons; Oxazoles; Oxazolidinones; Piperidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Tremor | 1986 |
Aortic baroreceptor reflexes are mediated by NMDA receptors in caudal ventrolateral medulla.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Aorta; Aspartic Acid; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Injections, Intraventricular; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; N-Methylaspartate; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission; Valine | 1987 |
Spinal monoamine mediation of stimulation-produced antinociception from the lateral hypothalamus.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Catecholamines; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral; Injections, Spinal; Male; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Spinal Cord | 1987 |
Inhibition of renal sympathetic nervous activity by area postrema stimulation in rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Cerebral Ventricles; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kidney; Male; Pressoreceptors; Rabbits; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1987 |
A cardioinhibitory area in the midbrain central tegmental field of cats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Cats; Decerebrate State; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart; Heart Rate; Homocysteine; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Reflex; Tegmentum Mesencephali | 1987 |
Stimulation of opiate receptors in the dorsal pontine tegmentum inhibits reflex contraction of the urinary bladder.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Fentanyl; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Microinjections; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pressure; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Tegmentum Mesencephali; Urinary Bladder | 1988 |
Characterization of antinociception produced by glutamate microinjection in the nucleus tractus solitarius and the nucleus reticularis ventralis.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Injections, Spinal; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Nociceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Reticular Formation; Tail | 1988 |
[The participation of the structures of the ventral sections of the medulla oblongata in realizing vasomotor pressor reflexes].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Carotid Sinus; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Electrolysis; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Intestine, Small; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Muscles; Reflex; Vascular Resistance; Vasomotor System | 1988 |
Evidence that glutamic acid is the neurotransmitter of baroreceptor afferent terminating in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Stem; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Medulla Oblongata; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission; Vagus Nerve | 1981 |
The effect of folates on the reflex activity in the isolated hemisected frog spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Folic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots; Xenopus laevis | 1982 |
Experimental verification of Marr-Albus' plasticity assumption for the cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Electric Stimulation; Eye Movements; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Models, Neurological; Motor Activity; Neuronal Plasticity; Purkinje Cells; Reflex | 1982 |
Release of [3H]L-glutamine acid (L-Glu) and [3H]D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) in the area of nucleus tractus solitarius in vivo produced by stimulation of the vagus nerve.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission; Vagus Nerve | 1983 |
Glutamatergic mechanisms in the nucleus tractus solitarius in blood pressure control.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reflex; Serotonin; Vagus Nerve | 1984 |
Intracellular messengers contributing to persistent nociception and hyperalgesia induced by L-glutamate and substance P in the rat formalin pain model.
Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arginine; Dexamethasone; Formaldehyde; Glutamic Acid; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal; Isoquinolines; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Piperazines; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Reflex; Substance P | 1994 |
Role of glutamate and NMDA receptors in the descending limb of the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Neural Pathways; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Urinary Bladder | 1995 |
Somato-sympathetic reflex transmission in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata: spatial organization and receptor types.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Cold Temperature; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Mechanoreceptors; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neurons, Afferent; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission | 1994 |
Target site of inhibition mediated by midbrain periaqueductal gray matter of baroreflex vagal bradycardia.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic; Blood Pressure; Brain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart; Heart Rate; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Membrane Potentials; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Periaqueductal Gray; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Vagus Nerve | 1993 |
Activation of neurons in cardiovascular areas of cat brain stem affects spinal reflexes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain Stem; Cats; Decerebrate State; Diencephalon; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hemodynamics; Male; Mesencephalon; Neurons; Pons; Reflex | 1994 |
Interactions between glutamatergic and monoaminergic systems controlling the micturition reflex in the urethane-anesthetized rat.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Apomorphine; Biogenic Monoamines; Dizocilpine Maleate; Female; Fenclonine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Levodopa; Peripheral Nerves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Reserpine; Urethane; Urination | 1994 |
Effect of atropine injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius on the regulation of blood pressure.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Male; Microinjections; Norepinephrine; Parasympatholytics; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Stereotaxic Techniques | 1994 |
Chemical stimulation of the nucleus locus coeruleus: cardiovascular responses and baroreflex modification.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Denervation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Homocysteine; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical | 1993 |
Effects of LY274614, a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, on the micturition reflex in the urethane-anaesthetized rat.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Anesthesia; Animals; Decerebrate State; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electromyography; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Injections, Spinal; Irritants; Isoquinolines; Pipecolic Acids; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Tetrazoles; Urethane; Urinary Bladder; Urination | 1993 |
Commissural NTS contributes to pressor responses to glutamate injected into the medial NTS of awake rats.
Topics: Animals; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Carotid Arteries; Chemoreceptor Cells; Glutamic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus | 1996 |
Sacral glutamatergic transmission in the descending limb of the micturition reflex in the cat.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Decerebrate State; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Motor Neurons; Neural Pathways; Pons; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Urinary Bladder; Urination | 1997 |
Involvement of the frontal ventrolateral orbital cortex in descending inhibition of nociception mediated by the periaqueductal gray in rats.
Topics: Animals; Coloring Agents; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Microinjections; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Nociceptors; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex | 1997 |
Inhibitory effects of acupuncture manipulation and focal electrical stimulation of the nucleus submedius on a viscerosomatic reflex in anesthetized rats.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Brain; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Hot Temperature; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurons; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Thalamic Nuclei; Viscera | 1997 |
Reflex-related activation of putative pain facilitating neurons in rostral ventromedial medulla requires excitatory amino acid transmission.
Topics: Animals; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission; Tail | 1997 |
Changes in baroreceptor vagal reflex performance in the developing rat.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Chemoreceptor Cells; Female; Glutamic Acid; Heart Conduction System; Heart Rate; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vagus Nerve | 1997 |
Evidence for the involvement of endogenous aspartate in the mediation of carotid chemoreceptor reflexes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Blood Pressure; Carotid Body; Chemoreceptor Cells; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Phenylephrine; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Stereotaxic Techniques | 1997 |
Evidence that excitatory amino acid receptors within the temporomandibular joint region are involved in the reflex activation of the jaw muscles.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Brain Stem; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electromyography; Evans Blue; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Jaw; Kainic Acid; Lidocaine; Male; Masseter Muscle; N-Methylaspartate; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Temporomandibular Joint; Trigeminal Nerve | 1998 |
Pharmacological activation and modulation of the central pattern generator for locomotion in the cat.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Denervation; Dopamine Agents; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Levodopa; Locomotion; Methoxamine; Motor Neurons; Muscle, Skeletal; N-Methylaspartate; Norepinephrine; Periodicity; Reflex; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Sympatholytics; Sympathomimetics; Synaptic Transmission | 1998 |
Phrenic nerve responses to chemical stimulation of the subregions of ventral medullary respiratory neuronal group in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Carotid Body; Chemoreceptor Cells; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Respiration; Stimulation, Chemical | 1999 |
Glutamatergic projection to RVLM mediates suppression of reflex bradycardia by parabrachial nucleus.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Bradycardia; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neural Pathways; Pons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Time Factors | 1999 |
Changes in extracellular glutamate and pressor response during muscle contraction following AMPA-receptor blockade in the RVLM and CVLM.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Female; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Medulla Oblongata; Microdialysis; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Reflex; Tibial Nerve; Vasoconstriction | 1999 |
Some receptor properties in motor neurons of an Aplysia withdrawal reflex.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Aplysia; Concanavalin A; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Motor Neurons; Receptors, Glutamate; Reflex; Synapses | 1999 |
Chronic oxidative stress in the RVLM modulates sympathetic control of circulation in pigs.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Cardiovascular System; Glutamic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitrogen Oxides; Oxidative Stress; Reflex; Spermine; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Swine; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2000 |
Involvement of glutamate in transmission of afferent constrictive inputs from the airways to the nucleus tractus solitarius in ferrets.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bronchoconstriction; Capsaicin; Ferrets; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Histamine; Lung; Male; Microdialysis; Neurons, Afferent; Oxygen; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Receptors, AMPA; Reflex; Respiration; Solitary Nucleus; Synaptic Transmission | 2000 |
Mutations of the caenorhabditis elegans brain-specific inorganic phosphate transporter eat-4 affect habituation of the tap-withdrawal response without affecting the response itself.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Caenorhabditis elegans; Carrier Proteins; Electroshock; Glutamic Acid; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Kinetics; Mutation; Nerve Net; Pharynx; Phosphate-Binding Proteins; Physical Stimulation; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission | 2000 |
Glutamate stimulation of raphe pallidus attenuates the cardiopulmonary reflex in anaesthetised rats.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Biguanides; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Male; Microinjections; Phrenic Nerve; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Serotonin; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4; Reflex; Respiration; Serotonin Antagonists; Serotonin Receptor Agonists; Solitary Nucleus; Stimulation, Chemical; Vagus Nerve | 2000 |
The excitatory amino acid glutamate mediates reflexly increased tracheal blood flow and airway submucosal gland secretion.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Blood Pressure; Dogs; Female; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Respiration; Respiratory Mucosa; Trachea | 2000 |
Striatal modulation of the jaw opening reflex.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Jaw; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex | 2001 |
Temporomandibular-evoked jaw muscle reflex: role of brain stem NMDA and non-NMDA receptors.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Coloring Agents; Electromyography; Evans Blue; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Lidocaine; Male; Masticatory Muscles; Membrane Potentials; Muscle Contraction; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Temporomandibular Joint; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus | 2001 |
Glutaminergic vagal afferents may mediate both retching and gastric adaptive relaxation in dogs.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Catheterization; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dogs; Esophagus; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Ganglionic Blockers; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium; Neurons, Afferent; Quinoxalines; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Stomach; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve; Vomiting | 2001 |
Regional haemodynamic responses to activation of the medial prefrontal cortex depressor region.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Iliac Artery; Male; Neural Inhibition; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Regional Blood Flow; Splanchnic Circulation; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasodilation | 2001 |
Regulation of acute nociceptive responses by the NMDA receptor GluRepsilon2 subunit.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Central Nervous System; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamic Acid; Heterozygote; Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Reaction Time; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Changes in dopaminergic and glutamatergic excitatory mechanisms of micturition reflex after middle cerebral artery occlusion in conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sulpiride; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic; Urination; Wakefulness | 2002 |
Fibroblast growth factor 2 is necessary for the growth of glutamate projection neurons in the anterior neocortex.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Differentiation; Cell Count; Cell Size; Cerebral Cortex; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Interneurons; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neocortex; Neurons; Pentobarbital; Pyramidal Cells; Reflex; Stem Cells | 2002 |
Mediation by nucleus tractus solitarii glutamatergic neurotransmission of the cardiovascular reflex evoked by distal esophageal distension.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Esophagus; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Male; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Vagus Nerve; Visceral Afferents | 2002 |
Facilitation and attenuation of a visceral nociceptive reflex from the rostroventral medulla in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Catheterization; Colon; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Glutamic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptors; Pain; Peritoneum; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Rectum; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Stimulation, Chemical | 2002 |
GABAergic and glutamatergic modulation of spontaneous and motor-cortex-evoked complex spike activity.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebellum; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Motor Cortex; Nerve Fibers; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Olivary Nucleus; Picrotoxin; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Synapses | 2002 |
Glutamate and NO mediation of the pressor response to 5-HT3 receptor stimulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii.
Topics: Animals; Biguanides; Blood Pressure; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Guanylate Cyclase; Indazoles; Male; Neurons; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Oxadiazoles; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Serotonin; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; Reflex; Serotonin; Serotonin Receptor Agonists; Solitary Nucleus; Synaptic Transmission | 2002 |
Inhibitory component of the resistance reflex in the locomotor network of the crayfish.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Chloride Channels; Computer Simulation; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Female; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Locomotion; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Microinjections; Motor Neurons; Nerve Net; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Reflex; Walking | 2002 |
Influence of sex on reflex jaw muscle activity evoked from the rat temporomandibular joint.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Estrogens; Estrous Cycle; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Male; Masticatory Muscles; Muscle Contraction; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sex Characteristics; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders | 2002 |
Evidence against the presence of NMDA receptors at a central glutamatergic synapse in leeches.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Association Learning; Central Nervous System; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kynurenic Acid; Leeches; Motor Neurons; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons, Afferent; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2002 |
Involvement of glutamate in gastrointestinal vago-vagal reflexes initiated by gastrointestinal distention in the rat.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Duodenum; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Stomach; Vagus Nerve | 2003 |
Evidence for glutamatergic mechanisms in the vagal sensory pathway initiating cardiorespiratory reflexes in the shorthorn sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Amidines; Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Brain Mapping; Dizocilpine Maleate; Fishes; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Vagus Nerve | 2003 |
Dynamic pelvic-pudendal reflex plasticity mediated by glutamate in anesthetized rats.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Anesthesia; Animals; Bicuculline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Laminectomy; N-Methylaspartate; Neural Pathways; Neuronal Plasticity; Pelvis; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Urethra | 2003 |
Intertrigeminal region attenuates reflex apnea and stabilizes respiratory pattern in rats.
Topics: Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Neural Pathways; Pons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Serotonin; Trigeminal Ganglion | 2003 |
Cardiovascular regulation after destruction of the C1 cell group of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Catecholamines; Chemoreceptor Cells; Denervation; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sciatic Nerve; Stimulation, Chemical; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2003 |
Inhibitory effect of intrathecal glycine on the micturition reflex in normal and spinal cord injury rats.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Glycine Agents; Injections, Spinal; Lumbosacral Region; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glycine; Reflex; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Strychnine; Urinary Bladder; Urination | 2003 |
[Testing of reaction time in application of glutamic acid].
Topics: Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Reaction Time; Reflex | 1952 |
Actions of aminoacids on the isolated hemisected spinal cord of the toad.
Topics: Amino Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Neurons; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots | 1961 |
Metabotropic modulation of motoneurons by scratch-like spinal network activity.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Motor Neurons; Nerve Net; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Periodicity; Physical Stimulation; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Turtles | 2003 |
Identification of central mechanisms vital for breathing in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Chemoreceptor Cells; Glutamic Acid; Hypoxia; Ictaluridae; Medulla Oblongata; Nerve Net; Oxygen; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Signal Transduction | 2003 |
The spinal interneurons and properties of glutamatergic synapses in a primitive vertebrate cutaneous flexion reflex.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Coloring Agents; Electrodes, Implanted; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Larva; Locomotion; Muscle, Skeletal; Neurons, Afferent; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Physical Stimulation; Reaction Time; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord; Synapses; Xenopus | 2003 |
Selective gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor ligands increase extracellular glutamate in the hippocampus, but fail to activate G protein and to produce the sedative/hypnotic effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Benzocycloheptenes; Binding, Competitive; Brain Chemistry; Extracellular Space; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Hippocampus; Hydroxybutyrates; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ligands; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred DBA; Microdialysis; Organophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cell Surface; Reflex | 2003 |
Specific involvement in neuropathic pain of AMPA receptors and adapter proteins for the GluR2 subunit.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Chronic Disease; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Hyperalgesia; Male; N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins; Neuralgia; Nuclear Proteins; Pain Threshold; Peptides; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Protein Binding; Protein Subunits; Protein Transport; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Reflex; RNA, Messenger; Synaptic Transmission; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2003 |
A novel class of neurons at the trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis transition region monitors ocular surface fluid status and modulates tear production.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Homeostasis; Lacrimal Apparatus; Male; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Ophthalmic Solutions; Physical Stimulation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical; Tears; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 2004 |
Pontine intertrigeminal region attenuates sleep apneas in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Injections; Male; Plethysmography; Pons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep Stages; Trigeminal Ganglion; Vagus Nerve; Wakefulness | 2004 |
Tetanization-induced pelvic-to-pudendal reflex plasticity in anesthetized rats.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Decerebrate State; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Long-Term Potentiation; N-Methylaspartate; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Neuronal Plasticity; Pelvis; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Valine | 2004 |
Dietary glycine inhibits bladder activity in normal rats and rats with spinal cord injury.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Body Weight; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glycine; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Urinary Bladder; Urine | 2005 |
GABAB receptors do not mediate the inhibitory actions of gabapentin on the spinal reflex in rats.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Neural Inhibition; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-B; Reflex; Spinal Cord | 2004 |
Striatal inhibition of nociceptive responses evoked in trigeminal sensory neurons by tooth pulp stimulation.
Topics: Action Potentials; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Chi-Square Distribution; Corpus Striatum; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Jaw; Male; Microinjections; Muscle, Skeletal; Naphthalenes; Nerve Fibers; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Oxepins; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 2005 |
Thiopental sodium reduces glutamate extracellular levels in rat intact prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Microdialysis; Postural Balance; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Thiopental | 2005 |
Effects of a calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus, on glutamate-dependent potentiation in pelvic-urethral reflex in anesthetized rats.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Electromyography; Female; Glutamic Acid; Immunosuppressive Agents; Injections, Spinal; Neuronal Plasticity; Pelvis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Tacrolimus; Urethra; Urination | 2006 |
Zinc modulates primary afferent fiber-evoked responses of ventral roots in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bicuculline; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Nerve Fibers; Neurons, Afferent; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots; Strychnine; Substance P; Zinc | 2006 |
Modulation of the Hering-Breuer reflex by raphe pallidus in rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamic Acid; Male; Rabbits; Raphe Nuclei; Reflex; Respiration; Vagus Nerve | 2006 |
Role of the parvicellular reticular formation in facilitating the jaw-opening reflex in rats by stimulation of the red nucleus.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Jaw; Lidocaine; Male; Masticatory Muscles; Medulla Oblongata; Muscle Contraction; Neural Pathways; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Red Nucleus; Reflex; Reticular Formation; Synaptic Transmission | 2006 |
Estrogen modulates the spinal N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-mediated pelvic nerve-to-urethra reflex plasticity in rats.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Estrogens; Female; Glutamic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neuronal Plasticity; Pelvis; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Urethra | 2006 |
Cardiovascular responses and neurotransmitter changes during static muscle contraction following blockade of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) within the ventrolateral medulla.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Efferent Pathways; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Guanidines; Heart Rate; Medulla Oblongata; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Reticular Formation; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission | 2006 |
Effects of selective unilateral dorsal root(s) rhizotomy on micturition reflex in anesthetized rats.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Anesthesia; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Contraction; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Rhizotomy; Spinal Nerve Roots; Urination; Urodynamics | 2006 |
Heterosynaptic modulation of the dorsal root potential in the turtle spinal cord in vitro.
Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Presynaptic Terminals; Receptors, GABA; Reflex; Sodium Channel Blockers; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots; Synaptic Transmission; Turtles | 2007 |
Inhibitory modulation of chemoreflex bradycardia by stimulation of the nucleus raphe obscurus is mediated by 5-HT3 receptors in the NTS of awake rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Chemoreceptor Cells; Consciousness; Glutamic Acid; Granisetron; Heart; Heart Rate; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Microinjections; Neural Pathways; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; Reflex; Serotonin Antagonists; Solitary Nucleus | 2007 |
Intrathecal glutamate promotes glycinergic neuronal activity and inhibits the micturition reflex in urethane-anesthetized rats.
Topics: Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Injections, Spinal; Lumbosacral Plexus; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Nerves; Urinary Bladder; Urodynamics | 2006 |
Acute unilateral ureteral distension inhibits glutamate-dependent spinal pelvic-urethra reflex potentiation via GABAergic neurotransmission in anesthetized rats.
Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Anesthesia; Animals; Bicuculline; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hydrostatic Pressure; Long-Term Potentiation; N-Methylaspartate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Spinal Nerves; Synaptic Transmission; Ureter; Urethra | 2007 |
Role of glutamate in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in acupuncture-related modulation of visceral reflex sympathoexcitation.
Topics: Acupuncture; Animals; Cats; Female; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microdialysis; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins; Visceral Afferents | 2007 |
Spinal glutamatergic NMDA-dependent pelvic nerve-to-external urethra sphincter reflex potentiation caused by a mechanical stimulation in anesthetized rats.
Topics: Action Potentials; Anesthesia; Animals; Dilatation; Electromyography; Female; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Injections, Spinal; Muscle, Skeletal; Pelvis; Peripheral Nerves; Physical Stimulation; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Spinal Cord Injuries; Urethra | 2007 |
Involvement of L-glutamate and ATP in the neurotransmission of the sympathoexcitatory component of the chemoreflex in the commissural nucleus tractus solitarii of awake rats and in the working heart-brainstem preparation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Brain Stem; Chemoreceptor Cells; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Nitroprusside; Potassium Cyanide; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Nervous System; Wakefulness | 2007 |
Impact of intertrigeminal region AMPA receptor blockade on respiratory responses in rats.
Topics: Animals; Apnea; Glutamic Acid; Male; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Serotonin; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Nuclei; Vagus Nerve | 2007 |
Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, induces loss of righting reflex, antinociception, and immobility in response to noxious stimulation in mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Immobilization; Male; Mice; Movement; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Reflex; Riluzole | 2007 |
Cardiovascular responses to somatosensory stimulation and their modulation by baroreflex mechanisms.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Sciatic Nerve; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2007 |
Glutamate-mediated spinal reflex potentiation involves ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in anesthetized rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia; Animals; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; N-Methylaspartate; Peripheral Nerves; Phosphorylation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Urethra | 2008 |
D-glucose modulates synaptic transmission from the central terminals of vagal afferent fibers.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Denervation; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Extracellular Space; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Nerve Fibers; Nerve Net; Neurons, Afferent; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Synaptic Transmission; Vagus Nerve | 2008 |
Paraventricular nucleus is involved in the central pathway of cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradykinin; Capsaicin; Central Nervous System; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart; Kainic Acid; Lidocaine; Male; Microinjections; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2008 |
Behavioral characterization of GLT1 (+/-) mice as a model of mild glutamatergic hyperfunction.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Size; Conditioning, Psychological; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurotoxins; Reflex | 2008 |
GABAergic mechanism mediated via D receptors in the rat periaqueductal gray participates in the micturition reflex: an in vivo microdialysis study.
Topics: Animals; Benzazepines; Denervation; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Extracellular Space; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Reflex; Sympatholytics; Urination | 2008 |
Local antagonism of intertrigeminal region metabotropic glutamate receptors exacerbates apneic responses to intravenous serotonin.
Topics: Animals; Apnea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Indans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Microinjections; Pons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Reflex; Respiratory Center; Serotonin; Serotonin Agents; Trigeminal Nuclei; Vagus Nerve | 2009 |
Spinal P2X receptor modulates muscle pressor reflex via glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Posterior Horn Cells; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Reflex | 2009 |
Role of alpha2-adrenoceptors and glutamate mechanisms in the external urethral sphincter continence reflex in rats.
Topics: Animals; Female; Glutamic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Reflex; Urethra | 2009 |
Colon mustard oil instillation induced cross-organ reflex sensitization on the pelvic-urethra reflex activity in rats.
Topics: Animals; Colon; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Glutamic Acid; Inflammation; Male; Mustard Plant; Pelvis; Piperidines; Plant Oils; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Purines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; RNA, Small Interfering; Roscovitine; TRPV Cation Channels; Urethra | 2009 |
Neuropeptide modulation of a lumbar spinal reflex: potential implications for female sexual function.
Topics: Animals; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamic Acid; Lumbar Vertebrae; Neuropeptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex; Reflex, Monosynaptic; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots; Spine | 2009 |
Medullary raphe midline is involved in production of expulsive expirations in anesthetized rabbits.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Chinchilla; Cough; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electrodes, Implanted; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Rabbits; Raphe Nuclei; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Respiratory Muscles; Trachea | 2008 |
Vagal gustatory reflex circuits for intraoral food sorting behavior in the goldfish: cellular organization and neurotransmitters.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Feeding Behavior; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Goldfish; Interneurons; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Membrane Potentials; Motor Neurons; Neural Pathways; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Synaptic Transmission | 2009 |
Glutamate drives the touch response through a rostral loop in the spinal cord of zebrafish embryos.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Electrophysiology; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Escape Reaction; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Receptors, AMPA; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Swimming; Synapses; Zebrafish | 2009 |
Modulation of the masseteric monosynaptic reflex by stimulation of the vestibular nuclear complex in rats.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Glutamic Acid; Male; Masseter Muscle; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical; Trigeminal Nuclei; Vestibular Nuclei | 2009 |
Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor is a functional marker of nociceptive myelinated fibers responsible for neuropathic pain.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Capsaicin; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Piperidines; Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 2; Reflex; Sciatica; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; TRPV Cation Channels | 2010 |
Vagal visceral inputs to the nucleus of the solitary tract: involvement in a parasympathetic reflex vasodilator pathway in the rat masseter muscle.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Atropine; Biophysics; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; GABA Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Hemodynamics; Hexamethonium; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Lip; Male; Masseter Muscle; Muscimol; Neural Pathways; Nicotinic Antagonists; Parasympatholytics; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Vagus Nerve; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents | 2010 |
Involvement of non-NMDA receptors in central mediation of chemoreflexes in the shorthorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Blood Pressure; Chemoreceptor Cells; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fishes; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hypoxia; Immunohistochemistry; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Oxygen; Poisons; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Seasons; Sodium Cyanide | 2010 |
The viscerosympathetic response in rabbits is mediated by GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs into the sympathetic premotor neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Rabbits; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Splanchnic Nerves; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2010 |
Effects of intragastric infusion of inosine monophosphate and L: -glutamate on vagal gastric afferent activity and subsequent autonomic reflexes.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Pathways; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Inosine Monophosphate; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Sodium Chloride; Stomach; Sucrose; Taste; Vagus Nerve | 2011 |
Neuroprotective effects and suppression of ischemia-induced glutamate elevation by β1-adrenoreceptor antagonists administered before transient focal ischemia in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blood Gas Analysis; Body Temperature; Brain Chemistry; Consciousness Disorders; Extracellular Space; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Glutamic Acid; Hemodynamics; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Microdialysis; Morpholines; Neuroprotective Agents; Norepinephrine; Pain Threshold; Propanolamines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Urea | 2011 |
Activation of NMDA receptors in lumbar spinothalamic cells is required for ejaculation.
Topics: Animals; Ejaculation; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Penis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Spinothalamic Tracts | 2011 |
Effect of chemical stimulation of the medial frontal lobe on the micturition reflex in rats.
Topics: Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Injections; Pons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Stimulation, Chemical; Urination | 2012 |
Chemical lesioning and glutamate administration reveal a major role for the nucleus tractus solitarius in the cardiac-somatic reflex in rats.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Denervation; Glutamic Acid; Hyperalgesia; Male; Microinjections; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus | 2012 |
Sympathoexcitation during chemoreflex active expiration is mediated by L-glutamate in the RVLM/Bötzinger complex of rats.
Topics: Animals; Chemoreceptor Cells; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Exhalation; Glutamic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2012 |
Unusual increase in lumbar network excitability of the rat spinal cord evoked by the PARP-1 inhibitor PJ-34 through inhibition of glutamate uptake.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Cell Count; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Locomotion; Lumbosacral Region; Nerve Net; Phenanthrenes; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 2012 |
Supraspinal and spinal effects of L-trans-PDC, an inhibitor of glutamate transporter, on the micturition reflex in rats.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glutamic Acid; Infusions, Intraventricular; Infusions, Spinal; Muscle Contraction; Neural Inhibition; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Nerves; Time Factors; Urethane; Urinary Bladder; Urination | 2013 |
Cannabinoids facilitate the swallowing reflex elicited by the superior laryngeal nerve stimulation in rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzoxazines; Cannabinoids; Deglutition; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Laryngeal Nerves; Male; Morpholines; Naphthalenes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus | 2012 |
Medullary GABAergic mechanisms contribute to electroacupuncture modulation of cardiovascular depressor responses during gastric distention in rats.
Topics: Acidosis, Respiratory; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cardiovascular System; Electroacupuncture; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Hypercapnia; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Pyridazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A; Reflex; Stomach; Vagus Nerve | 2013 |
Lateral reticular nucleus modulates the cardiosomatic reflex evoked by intrapericardial capsaicin in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Capsaicin; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Glutamic Acid; Heart; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Naloxone; Neural Pathways; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sensory System Agents | 2013 |
Perinatal sulfur dioxide exposure alters brainstem parasympathetic control of heart rate.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Stem; Diving; Environmental Pollutants; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Heart; Heart Rate; Maternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sulfur Dioxide; Synaptic Transmission; Tachycardia; Time Factors; Vagus Nerve | 2013 |
Modulation of two types of jaw-opening reflex by stimulation of the red nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Jaw; Male; Mandibular Nerve; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Red Nucleus; Reflex | 2013 |
Involvement of astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in modulation of the jaw-opening reflex following infraorbital nerve injury.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Constriction, Pathologic; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Jaw; Male; Mandibular Nerve; Maxillary Nerve; Methionine Sulfoximine; Movement Disorders; Muscle, Skeletal; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Trigeminal Motor Nucleus | 2014 |
A mechanistic study on urine retention in d-amphetamine addicts.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Afferent Pathways; Amidines; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Animals; Benzophenanthridines; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Chronic Disease; Colforsin; Dextroamphetamine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Isoquinolines; N-Methylaspartate; Oxidants; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Sulfonamides; Urinary Retention; Urination; Valine | 2014 |
Glutamatergic receptor dysfunction in spinal cord contributes to the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in heart failure.
Topics: Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Failure; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Reflex; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn | 2015 |
[Comparative study of the effects of new neuroactive amino acid derivatives on the postnatal development of the rat's offspring with experimental preeclampsia].
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Maternal Exposure; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Reflex | 2014 |
Suppression of the swallowing reflex by stimulation of the red nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Deglutition; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Glutamic Acid; Laryngeal Nerves; Male; Microinjections; Muscle, Skeletal; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Red Nucleus; Reflex | 2015 |
The role of serotonergic mechanism in the rat prefrontal cortex for controlling the micturition reflex: An in vivo microdialysis study.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; Animals; Citalopram; Dopamine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Microdialysis; Muscle Contraction; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Serotonin; Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists; Urinary Bladder; Urination | 2016 |
Colonic mucosal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mediated visceral hypersensitivity in a mouse model of irritable bowel syndrome.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Colon; Dilatation; Disease Models, Animal; Feces; Glutamic Acid; Intestinal Mucosa; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pain Threshold; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; Viscera | 2016 |
Imidazoleacetic acid-ribotide in vestibulo-sympathetic pathway neurons.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Imidazoles; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reflex; Ribosemonophosphates; Stilbamidines; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vestibular Nuclei | 2016 |
Influence of clove oil and eugenol on muscle contraction of silkworm (Bombyx mori).
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bombyx; Clove Oil; Eugenol; Glutamic Acid; Goldfish; Kainic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Postural Balance; Receptors, Glutamate; Reflex | 2017 |
Glial EAAT2 regulation of extracellular nTS glutamate critically controls neuronal activity and cardiorespiratory reflexes.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Neuroglia; Neurons; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Reflex; Respiration; Solitary Nucleus | 2017 |
Roles of glutamate and GABA of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in generating the cardiovascular chemoreflex.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Chemoreceptor Cells; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus; Male; Pons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Respiration | 2020 |
The role of neuronal excitation and inhibition in the pre-Bötzinger complex on the cough reflex in the cat.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cats; Central Pattern Generators; Cough; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Homocysteine; Inhalation; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Pyridazines; Reflex; Respiratory Rate | 2022 |
Stimulation of the center of the lateral reticular nucleus suppresses the swallowing reflex in rats.
Topics: Animals; Deglutition; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Reflex; Reticular Formation | 2023 |