1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea profile

1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, also known as **carmustine (BCNU)**, is a chemotherapy drug that belongs to the class of **nitrosoureas**.

**Importance in research:**

Carmustine plays a significant role in research due to its unique properties and applications:

**1. Cancer Treatment:**
- **Alkylating agent:** Carmustine is an alkylating agent that works by damaging DNA, preventing cancer cells from dividing and growing.
- **Treatment of various cancers:** It's used to treat a range of cancers, including brain tumors, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
- **Clinical studies:** Research involving carmustine often focuses on improving its effectiveness and minimizing side effects.

**2. Neurotoxicity and Brain Tumor Research:**
- **Brain-penetrant drug:** Carmustine can cross the blood-brain barrier, making it useful for treating brain tumors.
- **Neurotoxicity:** However, its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier also contributes to its neurotoxicity, a major side effect.
- **Research on neuroprotective strategies:** Ongoing research aims to understand the mechanisms of carmustine-induced neurotoxicity and develop strategies to protect the brain from its damaging effects.

**3. Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine:**
- **Delivery systems:** Carmustine has been investigated as a model drug for developing new drug delivery systems, particularly for targeted delivery to brain tumors.
- **Nanoparticles:** Research focuses on encapsulating carmustine within nanoparticles to improve its bioavailability and reduce its side effects.

**4. Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry:**
- **Understanding its mechanism of action:** Researchers use carmustine as a model to study the mechanisms of alkylating agents and their interactions with DNA.
- **Development of new anticancer drugs:** Insights gained from carmustine research contribute to the development of novel and more effective cancer treatments.

**Overall, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (carmustine) remains an important research tool due to its impact on cancer treatment, neurotoxicity, drug delivery, and our understanding of chemical biology.**

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	75394
CHEMBL ID	12746
SCHEMBL ID	87565
MeSH ID	M0067652

Synonym
n-2-chloroethylnitrosourea
nsc 47547
CNU ,
ski 28404
urea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-
n-(2-chloroethyl)-n-nitrosourea
nsc47547
mp 655
urea, n-(2-chloroethyl)-n-nitroso-
nsc-47547
1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
2365-30-2
2-chloroethyl-n-nitrosourea
(ethyl-3h)-n-(2-chloroethyl)-n-nitrosourea
n-chloroethyl-n-nitrosourea
chloroethylnitrosourea
1-nitroso-1-(2-chloroethyl)urea
ccris 862
n-nitroso-2-chloroethylurea
brn 2246259
CHEMBL12746
AKOS006277637
SCHEMBL87565
DTXSID50178324

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Corresponding analogues in Series A and B were equally toxic to HeLa-MR cells."	( Aerobic and hypoxic toxicity of a new class of mixed-function drugs associating nitroimidazoles and chloroethylnitrosourea in nitrosourea-sensitive (Mer-) and -resistant (Mer+) human tumor cells. Barascut, JL; Carminati, A; Imbach, JL; Mulcahy, RT, 1988)	0.27

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID97710	Antitumor activity against lymphoid leukemia L1210 cell implanted in mice was measured by wt.change of treated mice minus wt. change of control mice at 1.3 mg/kg from day 0-5 (-2.9/0.3)	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Noval antitumor nitrosoureas and related compounds and their reactions with DNA.
AID98770	Antitumor activity against lymphoid leukemia L1210 cell implanted in mice was measured by mean survival of mice expressed as treated/control at a dosage of 1.3 mg/kg (25.3/9.6)	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Noval antitumor nitrosoureas and related compounds and their reactions with DNA.
AID23481	Partition coefficient (logP)	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 26, Issue:11	An analysis of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea activity at the cellular level.
AID97605	Antitumor activity against lymphoid leukemia L1210 cell implanted in mice was measured by %T/C at a dosage of 1.3 mg/kg	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Noval antitumor nitrosoureas and related compounds and their reactions with DNA.
AID15912	Carbamoylating activity was determined	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 26, Issue:11	An analysis of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea activity at the cellular level.
AID23276	Partition coefficient (logP)	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 23, Issue:10	Antitumor structure-activity relations. Nitrosoureas vs. L-1210 leukemia.
AID227561	Compound was evaluated for its ability to exhibit alkylating property toward DNA at 5 mM in 180 min	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Noval antitumor nitrosoureas and related compounds and their reactions with DNA.
AID125581	Tested for 3 log kill of leukemia cells	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 23, Issue:10	Antitumor structure-activity relations. Nitrosoureas vs. L-1210 leukemia.
AID15821	Alkylating activity was determined	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 26, Issue:11	An analysis of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea activity at the cellular level.
AID227535	Percent ability of compound to produce DNA interstrand cross-links was determined by the ethidium fluorescence assay at 6 hr and compared with antileukemic property	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Noval antitumor nitrosoureas and related compounds and their reactions with DNA.
AID152565	Mean value for the exposure for P388 to the drug for a period of 40 min at pH 7.4 and 37 degree	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 26, Issue:11	An analysis of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea activity at the cellular level.
AID97276	Antitumor activity against lymphoid leukemia L1210 cell implanted in mice was measured by number of survivors on day 5 at a dosage of 1.3 mg/kg (6/6)	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Noval antitumor nitrosoureas and related compounds and their reactions with DNA.
AID134226	Toxicity against L-1210 leukemia cells in mice after intraperitoneal administration, activity is expressed as LD10	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 23, Issue:10	Antitumor structure-activity relations. Nitrosoureas vs. L-1210 leukemia.
AID25750	Pharmacokinetic parameter k2 was determined	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 26, Issue:11	An analysis of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea activity at the cellular level.
AID152566	Mean value for the exposure for P388 to the drug for a period of 60 min	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 26, Issue:11	An analysis of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea activity at the cellular level.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	44 (51.76)	18.7374
1990's	29 (34.12)	18.2507
2000's	8 (9.41)	29.6817
2010's	3 (3.53)	24.3611
2020's	1 (1.18)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (5.38%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	88 (94.62%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	2.02	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	1.97	1	amino-acid anion
cytosine [no description available]	2.02	1	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	1.99	1	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.05	1	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	1.97	1	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
spermine [no description available]	2	1	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	1.97	1	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	2.37	2	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
busulfan [no description available]	1.97	1	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	5.32	18	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	1.97	1	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.23	6	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
lomustine [no description available]	6.06	9	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.68	3	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
netropsin Netropsin: A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.	2.39	2
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity	2.91	4
semustine Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.	2.37	2	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent
temozolomide [no description available]	1.99	1	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
thymidine [no description available]	1.97	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	1.99	1	sulfamic acids
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	1.96	1	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	1.97	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	1.97	1	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	1.96	1	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.37	2	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	2.88	4	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	9.51	84	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
2-chloroethyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	1.95	1
1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-nitrosourea 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-nitrosourea: structure	2.88	4
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	2.6	1	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
nimustine Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.	1.98	1	aminopyrimidine; N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
diaziquone diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.	1.97	1	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines; carbamate ester; enamine	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
n-(2-chloroethyl)-n-nitrosoacetamide N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosoacetamide: structure given in first source	2.67	3
o-(6)-methylguanine O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.	3.22	6	methylguanine	mutagen
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.11	1
1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosocarbamoylalanine estradiol-17-ester 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosocarbamoylalanine estradiol-17-ester: RN refers to (L-Ala)-(17-beta)-isomer	1.97	1
elmustine elmustine: structure	3.47	2
mitozolomide mitozolomide: RN & structure given in first source	4.04	3
1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-nitrosourea 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-nitrosourea: structure	1.98	1
1-(2-fluoroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea 1-(2-fluoroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea: fluoro analog	1.95	1
n-methylglycinamide [no description available]	1.97	1
4-hydroxylomustine 4-hydroxylomustine: RN given refers to (trans)-isomer	2.36	2
nsc 153174 NSC 153174: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer	1.95	1
clomesone clomesone: structure & RN given in first source	4.45	5
n'-(2-chloroethyl)-n-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-n'-nitrosourea N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-N'-nitrosourea: structure given in first source	2.01	1
lexitropsin lexitropsin: structure given in first source; information reading oligopeptide	2.39	2
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	1.96	1	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	1.96	1	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose [no description available]	2.36	2
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.05	1	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	1.99	1	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanine [no description available]	10.5	16	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	2.4	2	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
7-methylguanine 7-methylguanine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 7-methylguanine : A methylguanine that is guanine substituted by a methyl group at position 7. It is a metabolite obtained during the methylation of DNA.. 2-imino-7-methyl-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.. 2-amino-7-methyl-7H-purin-6-ol : A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.	1.99	1	7-methylguanine
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.38	2	dacarbazine
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	1.96	1	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	4.68	9	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
3,n(4)-ethanocytosine [no description available]	2.02	1	organic heterobicyclic compound	mutagen
n(7)-hydroxyethylguanine [no description available]	1.99	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	3.57	9
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	1.96	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.6	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.6	1
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.6	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.6	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	2.11	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.91	4
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	2.11	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.91	4
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	3.09	5
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	3.09	5
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.05	1
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.05	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.05	1
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.05	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.42	2
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.42	2
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	2.03	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.4	2
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.42	2
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.4	2
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	1.96	1
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	4.14	6
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	4.14	6
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	1.96	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.37	2
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.37	2
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.37	2
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	1.96	1
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	1.96	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.37	2
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.89	4
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.89	4
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	1.95	1
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.37	2
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.67	3
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.67	3
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.38	2
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.38	2
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	3.8	4
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	1.99	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2	1
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	1.97	1
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	1.97	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	1.97	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	1.97	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.88	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.88	1

1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea

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