extracellular matrix disassembly

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. [GOC:jid]

Extracellular matrix (ECM) disassembly is a crucial biological process involved in various physiological and pathological events, including tissue remodeling, wound healing, development, and cancer metastasis. It involves the breakdown and degradation of the ECM, a complex network of proteins and polysaccharides that provides structural support, cell adhesion, and signaling pathways.

The process of ECM disassembly is tightly regulated and involves a cascade of enzymatic and non-enzymatic events. Key enzymes responsible for ECM degradation include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, and other proteases such as plasminogen activators and cathepsins.

MMPs play a pivotal role in ECM remodeling by specifically degrading various ECM components, including collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and proteoglycans. The activity of MMPs is tightly controlled by various factors, including their expression, activation, and inhibition. Their expression can be upregulated by growth factors, cytokines, and other signaling molecules, while their activity can be regulated by endogenous inhibitors such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs).

Non-enzymatic mechanisms also contribute to ECM disassembly. These include mechanical forces, such as tension and compression, which can disrupt ECM structure, and changes in pH, which can alter the stability of ECM molecules.

The disassembly of ECM is a dynamic process that involves the interplay of various factors, including enzymatic activity, non-enzymatic mechanisms, and cellular signaling pathways. It plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and orchestrating developmental processes. However, dysregulation of ECM disassembly can lead to pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis, arthritis, and fibrosis.'
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Proteins (59)

Compounds (322)