Compounds > calanolide a
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

calanolide a

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Description

calanolide A: NSC 661122 and costatolide are isomers; a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum (Clusiaceae); structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

(+)-calanolide A : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10R,11S,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
CalophyllumgenusA plant genus of the family CLUSIACEAE. Members contain costatolide, calanolides and 4-phenylfuranocoumarins (FUROCOUMARINS).[MeSH]Calophyllaceae[no description available]
Calophyllum brasiliensespecies[no description available]Calophyllaceae[no description available]
Calophyllum lanigerumspecies[no description available]Calophyllaceae[no description available]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID64972
CHEMBL ID267447
CHEBI ID65552
SCHEMBL ID140017
MeSH IDM0204438

Synonyms (40)

Synonym
(+)-calanolide a (synthetic)
nsc-664737
nsc-675451
nsc-650886
nsc675451
NSC650886 ,
(+)-calanolide a
2h,6h,10h-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'']tripyran-2-one, 11,12-dihydro-12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-, (10r,11s,12s)-
C09147
calanolide a
142632-32-4
(+/-) calanolide a
nsc 675451
2h,6h,10h-benzo(1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'')tripyran-2-one, 11,12-dihydro-12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-, (10r,11s,12s)-
2h,6h,10h-benzo(1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'')tripyran-2-one, 11,12-dihydro-12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-, (10r-(10alpha,11beta,12alpha))-
nsc 650886
inchi=1/c22h26o5/c1-6-7-13-10-15(23)26-21-16(13)20-14(8-9-22(4,5)27-20)19-17(21)18(24)11(2)12(3)25-19/h8-12,18,24h,6-7h2,1-5h3/t11-,12-,18+/m1/s
chebi:65552 ,
CHEMBL267447 ,
(+)-calnolide a
(10r,11s,12s)-12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-11,12-dihydro-6h,10h-dipyrano[2,3-f;2'',3''-h]chromen-2-one
cid_1201
12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-11,12-dihydro-6h,10h-dipyrano[2,3-f;2'',3''-h]chromen-2-one(calanolide a)
bdbm50002662
AKOS015962188
s5a9tqn46w ,
unii-s5a9tqn46w
(10r,11s,12s)-11,12-dihydro-12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-2h,6h,10h-benzo(1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'')tripyran-2-one
(+)-(10r,11s,12s)-10,11-trans-dihydro-12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-2h,6h-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'']tripyran-2-one
(10r,11s,12s)-12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-11,12-dihydro-2h,6h,10h-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one
DB04886
SCHEMBL140017
(+)-(10r,11s,12s)-10,11-trans-dihydro-12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-2h,6h-benzo(1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'')tripyran-2-one
NIDRYBLTWYFCFV-FMTVUPSXSA-N
calanolidea
AC-16067
(10r,11s,12s)-12-hydroxy-6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-6,10,11,12-tetrahydro-2h-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one
Q5018528
(16r,17s,18s)-18-hydroxy-10,10,16,17-tetramethyl-6-propyl-3,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1(14),2(7),5,8(13),11-pentaen-4-one
DTXSID601316787

Research Excerpts

Overview

Calanolide A is a novel, naturally occurring, nonnucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase. It was isolated from a tropical tree (Calophyllum lanigerum) in the Malaysian rain forest.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"(+)-Calanolide A is a potent inhibitor of reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which was isolated from an extract of Calophyllum lanigerum, along with seven related compounds. "( Structural analogues of the calanolide anti-HIV agents. Modification of the trans-10,11-dimethyldihydropyran-12-ol ring (ring C).
Buckheit, RW; Flavin, MT; Khilevich, A; Liao, S; Mar, AA; Sheinkman, AK; Stup, TL; Xu, ZQ; Zembower, DE, 1997)		1.15
"(+)-Calanolide A is a naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that exhibits enhanced activity against HIV-1 isolates with the Y181C mutation and retains activity against HIV-1 isolates with dual Y181C and K103N mutations. "( Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of multiple escalating doses of (+)-calanolide A, a naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy HIV-negative volunteers.
Creagh, T; Dutta, B; Eiznhamer, DA; Flavin, MT; Giltner, J; Jenta, T; Ruckle, JL; Tolbert, DT; Xu, ZQ, )		0.92
"(+)-Calanolide A is a novel, naturally occurring, nonnucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase first isolated from a tropical tree (Calophyllum lanigerum) in the Malaysian rain forest. "( Safety and pharmacokinetics of single doses of (+)-calanolide a, a novel, naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy, human immunodeficiency virus-negative human subjects.
Creagh, T; Dutta, B; Eiznhamer, DA; Flavin, MT; Giltner, J; Ruckle, JL; Tolbert, DT; Xu, ZQ, 2001)		1.12

Effects

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"(+)-Calanolide A (NSC 650886) has previously been reported to be a unique and specific nonnucleoside inhibitor of the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) (M. "( Unique anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors calanolide A, costatolide, and dihydrocostatolide.
Bader, JP; Buckheit, RW; Fliakas-Boltz, V; Kinjerski, TL; Osterling, MC; Russell, J; Stup, TL; Weigand, A; White, EL, 1999)		1.08

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Dizziness, taste perversion, headache, eructation, and nausea were the most frequently reported adverse events."( Safety and pharmacokinetics of single doses of (+)-calanolide a, a novel, naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy, human immunodeficiency virus-negative human subjects.
Creagh, T; Dutta, B; Eiznhamer, DA; Flavin, MT; Giltner, J; Ruckle, JL; Tolbert, DT; Xu, ZQ, 2001)		0.56
"All adverse events seen in the study were mild to moderate in intensity and were transient."( Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of multiple escalating doses of (+)-calanolide A, a naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy HIV-negative volunteers.
Creagh, T; Dutta, B; Eiznhamer, DA; Flavin, MT; Giltner, J; Jenta, T; Ruckle, JL; Tolbert, DT; Xu, ZQ, )		0.36

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Calculation of the terminal-phase half-life (t(1/2)) was precluded by intrasubject variability in the 200-, 400-, and 600-mg dose cohorts but was approximately 20 h for the 800-mg dose group."( Safety and pharmacokinetics of single doses of (+)-calanolide a, a novel, naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy, human immunodeficiency virus-negative human subjects.
Creagh, T; Dutta, B; Eiznhamer, DA; Flavin, MT; Giltner, J; Ruckle, JL; Tolbert, DT; Xu, ZQ, 2001)		0.56
" Mean elimination half-life in the two highest dosing cohorts combined was 15."( Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of multiple escalating doses of (+)-calanolide A, a naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy HIV-negative volunteers.
Creagh, T; Dutta, B; Eiznhamer, DA; Flavin, MT; Giltner, J; Jenta, T; Ruckle, JL; Tolbert, DT; Xu, ZQ, )		0.36
"These pharmacokinetic properties, together with the benign safety profile, and unique in vitro resistance pattern warrant the continued development of this potential new antiviral agent."( Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of multiple escalating doses of (+)-calanolide A, a naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy HIV-negative volunteers.
Creagh, T; Dutta, B; Eiznhamer, DA; Flavin, MT; Giltner, J; Jenta, T; Ruckle, JL; Tolbert, DT; Xu, ZQ, )		0.36

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" (+)-Calanolide A, the congeners costatolide and dihydrocostatolide, and (+)-12-oxo(+)-calanolide A, were evaluated in combination with a variety of mechanically diverse inhibitors of HIV replication to define the efficacy and cellular toxicity of potential clinical drug combinations."( Anti-HIV-1 activity of calanolides used in combination with other mechanistically diverse inhibitors of HIV-1 replication.
Buckheit, RW; Flavin, M; Russell, JD; Xu, ZQ, 2000)		0.82

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The present studies were undertaken to compare the relative pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of two chemically related natural products which are nonnucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase."( Pharmaceutical properties of related calanolide compounds with activity against human immunodeficiency virus.
Chen, W; Madden, TL; Newman, RA, 1998)		0.3

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Plasma levels of (+)-calanolide A at all dosing levels were quite variable; however, both the mean concentration in plasma (C(max)), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve increased proportionately in relation to the dose."( Safety and pharmacokinetics of single doses of (+)-calanolide a, a novel, naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy, human immunodeficiency virus-negative human subjects.
Creagh, T; Dutta, B; Eiznhamer, DA; Flavin, MT; Giltner, J; Ruckle, JL; Tolbert, DT; Xu, ZQ, 2001)		0.88
" Mean elimination half-life in the two highest dosing cohorts combined was 15."( Safety and pharmacokinetic profile of multiple escalating doses of (+)-calanolide A, a naturally occurring nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy HIV-negative volunteers.
Creagh, T; Dutta, B; Eiznhamer, DA; Flavin, MT; Giltner, J; Jenta, T; Ruckle, JL; Tolbert, DT; Xu, ZQ, )		0.36
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitorAn entity which inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
plant metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
organic heterotetracyclic compound
delta-lactoneA lactone having a six-membered lactone ring.
cyclic etherAny ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a ring.
secondary alcoholA secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)205.00001.40006.56679.0000AID355062
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)0.66000.00011.076810.0000AID355050; AID398465
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)3.60000.00010.22487.3200AID199678; AID199679; AID199680
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1EC50 (µMol)0.64500.00040.61539.7000AID200004
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (22)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap fillingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated DNA replicationDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA repairDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
base-excision repairDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
base-excision repair, gap-fillingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine dimer repairDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
salivary gland morphogenesisDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damageDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genesDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
lymph node developmentDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
spleen developmentDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
homeostasis of number of cellsDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to hyperoxiaDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombinationDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA biosynthetic processDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joiningDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (10)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
damaged DNA bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-directed DNA polymerase activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
lyase activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activityDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleusDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
microtubuleDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
spindle microtubuleDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusDNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (98)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID106890Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I A17 strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID317943Antiviral activity against HIV1 at 10 uM by luciferase assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 18, Issue:3
Chemical resolution of +/- -calanolide A, +/- -cordatolide A and their 11-demethyl analogues.
AID200004Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase using a poly(rC):oligo(dG)12-18 template primer1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-14, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Structural analogues of the calanolide anti-HIV agents. Modification of the trans-10,11-dimethyldihydropyran-12-ol ring (ring C).
AID199525Percent inhibition against Avian Myeloblastosis Virus Reverse Transcriptase (AMV RT) at dose 200 ug/mL1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID106891Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I G910-6 strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID199683Percent inhibition against RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RDDP) of HIV-1 RT Nucleic Acid polymerase at dose 200 ug/mL1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID443750Antiviral activity against 100 TCID50 HIV1 infected in human TZM-b1 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication by pseudovirus based assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Highly suppressing wild-type HIV-1 and Y181C mutant HIV-1 strains by 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A with druggable profile.
AID46263Potency to inhibit HIV-1 induced cytopathic effects in human T-lymphoblastic cells(CEM-SS) and essentially halted HIV-1 replication.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15
The calanolides, a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum.
AID46612Maximum protection of human T-lymphoblastic cells(CEM-SS) from cytopathic effects of HIV-1 by the compound1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15
The calanolides, a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum.
AID104236Therapeutic index is the ratio between IC50/EC50 of HIV-I G910-6 strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID45536Concentration required to protect CEM-SS cells from HIV-1 mediated cytopathicity by 50% relative to drug-free controls was determined1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-14, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Structural analogues of the calanolide anti-HIV agents. Modification of the trans-10,11-dimethyldihydropyran-12-ol ring (ring C).
AID1139410Antimycobacterial activity against replicating form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as growth inhibition2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9
Synthetic calanolides with bactericidal activity against replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID609793Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 21, Issue:16
Diversity oriented design of various hydrazides and their in vitro evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strains.
AID1139412Selectivity index, ratio of LD50 for African green monkey Vero cells to MIC for replicating form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected in African green monkey Vero cells2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9
Synthetic calanolides with bactericidal activity against replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID397593Antiviral activity against HIV1 RF in human CEM-SS cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2001Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 64, Issue:2
Natural product-based anti-HIV drug discovery and development facilitated by the NCI developmental therapeutics program.
AID399885Elimination half life in po dosed human2004Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 67, Issue:2
Plant substances as anti-HIV agents selected according to their putative mechanism of action.
AID199524Inhibitory activity against Avian Myeloblastosis Virus Reverse Transcriptase (AMV RT); inactive1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID46444Concentration inhibiting HIV-1 induced cytopathic effects in human T-lymphoblastic cells(CEM-SS) and essentially halted HIV-1 replication.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15
The calanolides, a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum.
AID212349Compound dose that was proved to be lethally toxic to mice (q12h)1999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-18, Volume: 9, Issue:2
In vivo anti-HIV activity of (+)-calanolide A in the hollow fiber mouse model.
AID46241Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain IIIB in CEM-SS cells1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 8, Issue:16
In vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of the chromanone derivative, 12-oxocalanolide A, a novel NNRTI.
AID336759Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells assessed as cell viability at 32 nmol after 48 hrs by trypan blue staining2003Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Chemical constituents of Calophyllum brasiliense. 2. Structure of three new coumarins and cancer chemopreventive activity of 4-substituted coumarins.
AID46238Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain SK1 in CEM-SS cells; IA: Inactive1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 8, Issue:16
In vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of the chromanone derivative, 12-oxocalanolide A, a novel NNRTI.
AID45887Antiviral activity against HIV-1 determined by concentration which resulted in cytotoxicity of 50% of CEM-SS cell population relative to drug-free controls1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-14, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Structural analogues of the calanolide anti-HIV agents. Modification of the trans-10,11-dimethyldihydropyran-12-ol ring (ring C).
AID443758Antiviral activity against HIV1 with reverse transcriptase G190A mutation2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Highly suppressing wild-type HIV-1 and Y181C mutant HIV-1 strains by 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A with druggable profile.
AID315869Antiviral activity against HIV12008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Chemical library and structure-activity relationships of 11-demethyl-12-oxo calanolide A analogues as anti-HIV-1 agents.
AID56384Percent inhibition against DNA polymerase alpha at dose 200 ug/mL1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID317947Antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 18, Issue:3
Chemical resolution of +/- -calanolide A, +/- -cordatolide A and their 11-demethyl analogues.
AID45710Using the XTT assay for cell viability, effective concentration to protect human lymphoblastoid CEM-SS cells from the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 (RF strain) was determined1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 39, Issue:22
Structure-activity modifications of the HIV-1 inhibitors (+)-calanolide A and (-)-calanolide B.
AID46060Using the XTT assay for cell viability, inhibitory concentration to protect human lymphoblastoid CEM-SS cells from the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 (RF strain) was determined1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 39, Issue:22
Structure-activity modifications of the HIV-1 inhibitors (+)-calanolide A and (-)-calanolide B.
AID210598Therapeutic Index (IC50/EC50)1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-14, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Structural analogues of the calanolide anti-HIV agents. Modification of the trans-10,11-dimethyldihydropyran-12-ol ring (ring C).
AID106893Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I IIIB strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID199680Inhibitory activity against TIBO-resistant HIV-1 RT Nucleic Acid polymerase1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID56388Percent inhibition against DNA polymerase beta at dose 200 ug/mL1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID199678Inhibitory activity against DNA -dependent DNA polymerase (DDDP) of HIV-1 RT Nucleic Acid polymerase1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID104237Therapeutic index is the ratio between IC50/EC50 of HIV-I H112-2 strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID398465Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase p66/p511995Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 58, Issue:7
Mechanistic evaluation of new plant-derived compounds that inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID443752Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for African green monkey Vero cells to EC50 for HIV12010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Highly suppressing wild-type HIV-1 and Y181C mutant HIV-1 strains by 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A with druggable profile.
AID109713Compound dose (dosing schedule - q8h) that produced a decrease in RT activity without protection against decreased cell viability in mice1999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-18, Volume: 9, Issue:2
In vivo anti-HIV activity of (+)-calanolide A in the hollow fiber mouse model.
AID199679Inhibitory activity against RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RDDP) of HIV-1 RT Nucleic Acid polymerase1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID317945Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells at 10 uM2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 18, Issue:3
Chemical resolution of +/- -calanolide A, +/- -cordatolide A and their 11-demethyl analogues.
AID46007Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I RFII strain in CEM cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID46253Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in CEM-SS human lymphoblastoid cells in vitro1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15
The calanolides, a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum.
AID354454Cytotoxicity against human HOG.R5 cells at 40 ug/ml after 4 days2004Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6
New 3-O-acyl betulinic acids from Strychnos vanprukii Craib.
AID1139411Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9
Synthetic calanolides with bactericidal activity against replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID336755Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as early antigen activation at 16 nmol after 48 hrs relative to control2003Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Chemical constituents of Calophyllum brasiliense. 2. Structure of three new coumarins and cancer chemopreventive activity of 4-substituted coumarins.
AID397594Therapeutic index, ratio of cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells to EC50 for HIV1 RF2001Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 64, Issue:2
Natural product-based anti-HIV drug discovery and development facilitated by the NCI developmental therapeutics program.
AID166867Percent inhibition against RNA polymerase at dose 200 ug/mL1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID109715Compound dose required to produce significant anti-HIV activity in mice after oral administration, given twice daily (q12h)1999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-18, Volume: 9, Issue:2
In vivo anti-HIV activity of (+)-calanolide A in the hollow fiber mouse model.
AID199675Inhibitory activity against HIV-2 RT Nucleic Acid polymerase1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID443754Antiviral activity against HIV1 PNL4-32010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Highly suppressing wild-type HIV-1 and Y181C mutant HIV-1 strains by 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A with druggable profile.
AID443755Antiviral activity against HIV1 with reverse transcriptase K103N mutation2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Highly suppressing wild-type HIV-1 and Y181C mutant HIV-1 strains by 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A with druggable profile.
AID336754Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as early antigen activation at 32 nmol after 48 hrs relative to control2003Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Chemical constituents of Calophyllum brasiliense. 2. Structure of three new coumarins and cancer chemopreventive activity of 4-substituted coumarins.
AID386829Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis2008European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 43, Issue:10
Synthesis, screening for antitubercular activity and 3D-QSAR studies of substituted N-phenyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxamides.
AID56386Inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase beta1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID443628Inhibition of wild type HIV12010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2
Twenty-six years of anti-HIV drug discovery: where do we stand and where do we go?
AID104238Therapeutic index is the ratio between IC50/EC50 of HIV-I IIIB strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID443757Antiviral activity against HIV1 with reverse transcriptase Y181L mutation2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Highly suppressing wild-type HIV-1 and Y181C mutant HIV-1 strains by 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A with druggable profile.
AID443756Antiviral activity against HIV1 with reverse transcriptase Y181C mutation2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Highly suppressing wild-type HIV-1 and Y181C mutant HIV-1 strains by 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A with druggable profile.
AID235020Ratio of inhibitory concentration to that of effective concentration for protection of CEM-SS cells from cytopathic effects of HIV-1 (RF strain)1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 39, Issue:22
Structure-activity modifications of the HIV-1 inhibitors (+)-calanolide A and (-)-calanolide B.
AID46940Therapeutic index is the ratio between IC50/EC50 of HIV-I RFII strain in CEM cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID106917Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I G910-6 strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID109712Compound dose (dosing schedule - q8h) that prevented a decrease in RT activity and p24 antigen production without increase in cell viability in mice.* dose was found to be toxic1999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-18, Volume: 9, Issue:2
In vivo anti-HIV activity of (+)-calanolide A in the hollow fiber mouse model.
AID235765Apparent in vitro therapeutic induces(TI) of the compound1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15
The calanolides, a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum.
AID397597Antiviral activity against pyridinone-resistant HIV1 A172001Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 64, Issue:2
Natural product-based anti-HIV drug discovery and development facilitated by the NCI developmental therapeutics program.
AID443759Antiviral activity against HIV1 with reverse transcriptase G139I mutation2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Highly suppressing wild-type HIV-1 and Y181C mutant HIV-1 strains by 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A with druggable profile.
AID46242Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain IIIB in CEM-SS cells; IA: Inactive1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 8, Issue:16
In vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of the chromanone derivative, 12-oxocalanolide A, a novel NNRTI.
AID106892Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I H112-2 strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID53669Inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase alpha; IA=inactive1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID336762Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells assessed as cell viability at 0.32 nmol after 48 hrs by trypan blue staining2003Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Chemical constituents of Calophyllum brasiliense. 2. Structure of three new coumarins and cancer chemopreventive activity of 4-substituted coumarins.
AID106919Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I IIIB strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID355062Inhibition of DNA polymerase beta1996Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 59, Issue:9
Specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mediated by soulattrolide, a coumarin isolated from the latex of calophyllum teysmannii.
AID336756Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as early antigen activation at 3.2 nmol after 48 hrs relative to control2003Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Chemical constituents of Calophyllum brasiliense. 2. Structure of three new coumarins and cancer chemopreventive activity of 4-substituted coumarins.
AID199682Percent inhibition against DNA -dependent DNA polymerase (DDDP) of HIV-1 RT Nucleic Acid polymerase at dose 200 ug/mL1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID81609Cytotoxicity against HIV-11992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15
The calanolides, a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum.
AID336760Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells assessed as cell viability at 16 nmol after 48 hrs by trypan blue staining2003Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Chemical constituents of Calophyllum brasiliense. 2. Structure of three new coumarins and cancer chemopreventive activity of 4-substituted coumarins.
AID354464Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human CEM-SS cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 6 days by MTS assay2004Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6
New 3-O-acyl betulinic acids from Strychnos vanprukii Craib.
AID106916Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I A17 strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID199684Percent inhibition against TIBO-resistant HIV-1 RT Nucleic Acid polymerase at dose 200 ug/mL1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID354455Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human HOG.R5 cells after 4 days2004Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6
New 3-O-acyl betulinic acids from Strychnos vanprukii Craib.
AID317944Antiviral activity against HIV1 at 1.0 uM by luciferase assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 18, Issue:3
Chemical resolution of +/- -calanolide A, +/- -cordatolide A and their 11-demethyl analogues.
AID212350Compound dose that was proved to be lethally toxic to mice (q24h)1999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-18, Volume: 9, Issue:2
In vivo anti-HIV activity of (+)-calanolide A in the hollow fiber mouse model.
AID109714Compound dose required to produce significant anti-HIV activity in mice after i.p. administration, given twice daily (q12h)1999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-18, Volume: 9, Issue:2
In vivo anti-HIV activity of (+)-calanolide A in the hollow fiber mouse model.
AID46243Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain RF in CEM-SS cells1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 8, Issue:16
In vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of the chromanone derivative, 12-oxocalanolide A, a novel NNRTI.
AID46371Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I RFII strain in CEM cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID336758Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as early antigen activation after 48 hrs relative to control2003Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Chemical constituents of Calophyllum brasiliense. 2. Structure of three new coumarins and cancer chemopreventive activity of 4-substituted coumarins.
AID106918Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I H112-2 strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID166866Inhibitory activity against RNA polymerase; IA=inactive1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID1506945Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 by BACTEC method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-18, Volume: 136Recent developments of coumarin-containing derivatives and their anti-tubercular activity.
AID315870Antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 51, Issue:5
Chemical library and structure-activity relationships of 11-demethyl-12-oxo calanolide A analogues as anti-HIV-1 agents.
AID355050Inhibition of DNA dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV1 recombinant reverse transcriptase p66/p511996Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 59, Issue:9
Specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mediated by soulattrolide, a coumarin isolated from the latex of calophyllum teysmannii.
AID104235Therapeutic index is the ratio between IC50/EC50 of HIV-I A17 strain in MT2 cell line1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
AID317946Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells at 1.0 uM2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 18, Issue:3
Chemical resolution of +/- -calanolide A, +/- -cordatolide A and their 11-demethyl analogues.
AID336761Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells assessed as cell viability at 3.2 nmol after 48 hrs by trypan blue staining2003Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Chemical constituents of Calophyllum brasiliense. 2. Structure of three new coumarins and cancer chemopreventive activity of 4-substituted coumarins.
AID1454743Antiviral activity against HIV12018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-22, Volume: 61, Issue:6
Natural-Products-Inspired Use of the gem-Dimethyl Group in Medicinal Chemistry.
AID397596Antiviral activity against azidothymidine-resistant HIV1 G91062001Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 64, Issue:2
Natural product-based anti-HIV drug discovery and development facilitated by the NCI developmental therapeutics program.
AID336757Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as early antigen activation at 0.32 nmol after 48 hrs relative to control2003Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3
Chemical constituents of Calophyllum brasiliense. 2. Structure of three new coumarins and cancer chemopreventive activity of 4-substituted coumarins.
AID354458Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells at 40 ug/ml after 6 days by MTS assay2004Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6
New 3-O-acyl betulinic acids from Strychnos vanprukii Craib.
AID199677Percent inhibition against HIV-2 RT Nucleic Acid polymerase at dose 200 ug/mL1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 39, Issue:6
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (+/-)-calanolide A and its enantiomers.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (48)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's19 (39.58)18.2507
2000's20 (41.67)29.6817
2010's8 (16.67)24.3611
2020's1 (2.08)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 27.60

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index27.60 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.93 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.35 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index34.37 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (27.60)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (2.04%)5.53%
Reviews7 (14.29%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other41 (83.67%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Phase IB Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Effects of (+)-Calanolide A on Surrogate Markers in HIV-Positive Patients With No Previous Antiretroviral Therapy [NCT00005120]Phase 116 participants Interventional2000-04-30Active, not recruiting
A Phase 1B Dose-Range Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Effects of (+)-Calanolide A on Surrogate Markers in HIV-Positive Patients With No Previous Antiretroviral Therapy [NCT00002243]Phase 132 participants InterventionalCompleted
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		2.1510monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
thymine
[no description available]		1.9810pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ag-1549
capravirine: a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor		3.1210
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		3.2710azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		3.1310bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
ifosfamide
[no description available]		2.0210ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		3.8130cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.1210aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		2.0210mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.		2.3110trehaloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		3.1210azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
thiazoles
[no description available]		1.98101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
tropolone
Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.		2.0210alpha-hydroxy ketone;
cyclic ketone;
enol		bacterial metabolite;
fungicide;
toxin
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		3.110dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.7930pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nitidine chloride
[no description available]		3.110
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		3.110polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		4.1950azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		3.2710taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
2-nitrobenzofuran
[no description available]		2.110
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		3.2710delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
chaetochromin
chaetochromin: from Chaetomium spp.; RN given refers to chaetochromin A		2.1510
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		3.2710delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		3.2710N-arylpiperazine
lamivudine
[no description available]		3.5120monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
kynostatin 272
kynostatin 272: structure given in first source; contains allophenylnorstatine as a transition-state mimic		3.110peptide
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.1210acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.0210hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		3.5720hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
1-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)-6-(phenylthio)thymine
1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylsulfanyl)thymine : A pyrimidone that is thymine which is substituted at positions 1 and 6 by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl group and a phenylsulfanyl group, respectively.		1.9810aryl sulfide;
primary alcohol;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
calanolide b
calanolide B: structure given in first source; one of a novel class of HIV-inhibiting coumarins from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum		7.6830
kynostatin 227
kynostatin 227: structure given in first source; contains allophenylnorstatine as a transition-state mimic		3.110
lodenosine
lodenosine: anti-HIV nucleoside analog, the flourine atom on lodenosine is located at 2-arabinoside location, while 2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine has the flourine residue at the 2-ribose sugar location		3.110
zidovudine triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9910
inophyllum b
inophyllum B: inophyllum P is an active enantiomer of B; from Calophyllum inophyllum; structure given in first source		8.5320
suksdorfin
suksdorfin: from the fruit of Lomatium sukdorfi; structure given in first source		3.2710
beta-thujaplicinol
beta-thujaplicinol: inhibits ribonuclease H activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase; structure in first source		2.0210
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.2710benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.2710peptide
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.2710secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
etravirine
[no description available]		3.1210aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
dapivirine
Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission		3.1210
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		3.2710alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
delavirdine mesylate
delavirdine mesylate : The monomethanesulfonic acid salt of delavirdine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.0210methanesulfonate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
cromakalim
[no description available]		3.27101-benzopyran
epothilone b
[no description available]		3.2710epothilone;
epoxide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
microtubule-stabilising agent
12-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate
[no description available]		3.110phorbol estermetabolite
michellamine c
michellamine A: atropisomeric naphthylisoquinoline anti-HIV cytopathic alkaloid dimers; from tropical plant Ancistrocladus abbreviatus; structure given in first source. michellamine A : A dimeric isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Ancistrocladus abbreviatus and has been shown to exhibit anti-HIV activity.		3.110
bevirimat
bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.		3.2710dicarboxylic acid monoester;
monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		HIV-1 maturation inhibitor;
metabolite
costatolide
(-)-calanolide B : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10S,11R,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.		4.0140cyclic ether;
delta-lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
plant metabolite
quinine
[no description available]		7.0210cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
jtk-303
[no description available]		3.1510aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.0110carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
chicoric acid
chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase		3.1210organooxygen compoundgeroprotector;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
fumarprotocetraric acid
fumarprotocetraric acid: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.110carbonyl compound
guttiferone a
guttiferone A: antibacterial from Clusiaceae family; structure in first source		3.110
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		3.1210chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
pepstatin
pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin		3.110pentapeptide;
secondary carboxamide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.27101,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
indigo carmine
3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.		4.0220
cabazitaxel
cabazitaxel: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. cabazitaxel : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 10-deacetylbaccatin III having O-methyl groups attached at positions 7 and 10 as well as an O-(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl group attached at position 13. Acts as a microtubule inhibitor, binds tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly and simultaneously inhibits disassembly.		3.2710tetracyclic diterpenoidantineoplastic agent;
microtubule-stabilising agent
arisugacin
arisugacin: isolated from Penicillium sp. FO-4259; structure given in first source. arisugacin A : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 4a,12a-dihydroxy-4,4,6a,12b-tetramethyl-4a,6,6a,12,12a,12b-hexahydro-4H,11H-benzo[f]pyrano[4,3-b]chromene-1,11(5H)-dione substituted by 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 9 (the 4aR,6aR,12aS,12bS steroisomer). Isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium, it acts as a selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase.		3.2710aromatic ether;
delta-lactone;
enone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
nvp-aew541
[no description available]		3.2710
halocynthiaxanthin
halocynthiaxanthin: structure given in first source; from red sea sponge; inhibits reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 and HIV-2		1.9810
scyx 7158
[no description available]		3.2710(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		3.2710carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		8.07301benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
clorobiocin
clorobiocin: chlorine-containing antibiotic related to novobiocin		3.2710
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		2.7430cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		3.110purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
conocurvone
conocurvone: a trimeric naphthoquinone derivative; extracted from Conospermum incurvum; structure given in first source		3.110organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		02.6830
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0930
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		04.0930
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		0210
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		02.0110
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.7130
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		02.7130
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.1510
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.1510
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.1510
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.1510
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.1510
AIDS-Associated Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.1510
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.1510
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		02.1510
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		02.1510
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related
B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation.		02.1510
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0410
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		02.0410
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		0210
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		0210