sevoflurane and Laryngeal Spasm studies

Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.
sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective in decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents; however, midazolam is superior in providing satisfactory conditions during mask induction."	5.16	Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. ( Akin, A; Aksu, R; Altuntas, R; Bayram, A; Boyaci, A; Esmaoglu, A; Tosun, Z, 2012)
" The authors hypothesized that the incidence of apnea with laryngospasm evoked by laryngeal stimulation would not differ between sevoflurane and propofol when used in equipotent doses and that laryngeal responsiveness would be diminished with increased levels of hypnosis."	5.11	Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. ( Erb, TO; Frei, FJ; Oberer, C; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS, 2005)
"RCTs investigating the rates of cough overall, cough at emergence, laryngospasm, time to eye opening, time to removal of the LMA, time to respond to command and time to state date of birth in patients with an LMA, during emergence from desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane or propofol anaesthesia."	4.91	Airway reactions and emergence times in general laryngeal mask airway anaesthesia: a meta-analysis. ( Coburn, M; Fritz, HG; Froeba, G; Heine, J; Puehringer, FK; Rossaint, R; Stevanovic, A; Tonner, PH, 2015)
" The confidence interval (CI) was large relative to a clinically significant difference in the incidence of overall cough and laryngospasm in patients receiving desflurane versus sevoflurane (odds ratio [OR; 95% CI] of 1."	4.89	The effect of sevoflurane versus desflurane on the incidence of upper respiratory morbidity in patients undergoing general anesthesia with a Laryngeal Mask Airway: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( de Oliveira, GS; Fitzgerald, PC; Girao, W; McCarthy, RJ, 2013)
" During sevoflurane induction, severe hypotension and laryngospasm resulted in cardiac arrest."	3.77	Transient cardiac arrest in patient with left ventricular noncompaction (spongiform cardiomyopathy). ( Ito, H; Kawaai, H; Yamazaki, S, 2011)
"There was no laryngospasm in the late group and eight cases in the early group (P < 0."	2.71	Early intravenous cannulation in children during sevoflurane induction. ( Connelly, NR; Freeman, K; Gibson, C; Gutta, S; Schwartz, D, 2004)
"Isoflurane was compared with sevoflurane in terms of rapidity, efficacy, safety and acceptability of induction."	2.69	Single vital capacity inhalational anaesthetic induction in adults--isoflurane vs sevoflurane. ( Lee, TL; Pua, HL; Ti, LK, 1998)
"Against our hypothesis, laryngospasm could still be observed in 18% of children under the higher concentration of sevoflurane (4."	1.46	Impact of high concentrations of sevoflurane on laryngeal reflex responses. ( Erb, TO; Frei, FJ; Moll, J; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS, 2017)
"The incidence of laryngospasm was reduced from 38% at baseline to 15% 2min after lidocaine administration (p<0."	1.39	The effect of intravenous lidocaine on laryngeal and respiratory reflex responses in anaesthetised children*. ( Erb, TO; Frei, FJ; Keller, K; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS, 2013)
"Following the scout scan, severe laryngospasm developed."	1.37	Computed tomography changes of alveoli and airway collapse after laryngospasm. ( Erb, TO; Johnson, J; Keating, M; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS, 2011)
"The incidence of laryngospasm was not reduced when up to two successive doses of 1."	1.36	Fentanyl does not reduce the incidence of laryngospasm in children anesthetized with sevoflurane. ( Craig, D; Erb, TO; Frei, FJ; Keller, K; Rosner, GL; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS, 2010)
"Unwanted airway reflexes such as laryngospasm are a frequent cause for concern in paediatric anaesthesia."	1.32	The correlation between bispectral index and airway reflexes with sevoflurane and halothane anaesthesia. ( Davidson, A, 2004)

Research

Studies (20)

Authors

Clinical Trials (13)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

University of Michigan Sedation Scale

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (15.00)	18.2507
2000's	7 (35.00)	29.6817
2010's	10 (50.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
de Oliveira, GS	1
Girao, W	1
Fitzgerald, PC	1
McCarthy, RJ	1
Schwartz, D	2
Begley, A	1
Gibson, C	2
Visintainer, P	1
Connelly, NR	2
Stevanovic, A	1
Rossaint, R	1
Fritz, HG	1
Froeba, G	1
Heine, J	1
Puehringer, FK	1
Tonner, PH	1
Coburn, M	1
Same, M	1
Smith, J	1
Erb, TO	5
von Ungern-Sternberg, BS	5
Moll, J	1
Frei, FJ	4
Xue, FS	1
Liao, X	1
Xu, YC	1
Yang, QY	1
Keller, K	2
Rosner, GL	1
Craig, D	1
Yamazaki, S	1
Ito, H	1
Kawaai, H	1
Keating, M	1
Johnson, J	1
Akin, A	1
Bayram, A	1
Esmaoglu, A	1
Tosun, Z	1
Aksu, R	1
Altuntas, R	1
Boyaci, A	1
Valley, RD	1
Freid, EB	1
Bailey, AG	1
Kopp, VJ	1
Georges, LS	1
Fletcher, J	1
Keifer, A	1
Davidson, A	1
Gutta, S	1
Freeman, K	1
Oberer, C	1
Brix, M	1
Brugie, H	1
Bertschy, C	1
Lassauge, F	1
Aubert, D	1
Hall, JE	1
Oldham, TA	1
Stewart, JI	1
Harmer, M	1
Ti, LK	1
Pua, HL	1
Lee, TL	1
Alexander, R	1
Lindsay, D	1
Mahmoud, NA	1
Rose, DJ	1
Laurence, AS	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
The Effect of Desflurane vs Sevoflurane on Perioperative Respiratory Complications in Laryngeal Mask Airway Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Double-blinded Control Study[NCT03006250]	Phase 4	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Recruiting
Evaluating Stress Response and Anxiety Score in Paediatric Patients Sedated With Intranasal Dexmedetomidine[NCT04526652]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-01	Completed
Comparing Intranasal Dexmedetomidine With Oral Midazolam as Premedication for Older Children Undergoing General Anesthesia for Dental Rehabilitation[NCT02250703]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
[NCT02909413]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Which is the Better Choice for Extubation in Pediatric Patients: Proactive or Passive?[NCT04432701]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-10	Enrolling by invitation
Determination Effective Dose 95 (ED95) of Intravenous Cannulation With the Induction of Sevoflurane 8 Vol% in Patients Aged 1-3 Years Using Dixon up and Down Method[NCT04284579]		22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-27	Completed
Intravenous Cannulation In Children During Sevoflurane Induction: Which Time is Adequate[NCT03254303]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-01	Completed
Impact of High Concentrations of Sevoflurane on Laryngeal Reflex Responses in Pediatric Patients[NCT00665418]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Terminated (stopped due to Recruitment finished earlier, because all 40 patients enrolled)
Impact of Remifentanil Administration on Laryngeal Reflex Responses in Pediatric Patients With Upper Respiratory Anesthetized With Propofol[NCT00611195]	Phase 4	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
EEG to Monitor Propofol Anesthetic Depth in Infants and Toddlers[NCT05701748]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-03	Recruiting
Comparison Of Different Anesthetic Techniques In Children Undergoing Esophagogastroduodenoscopies[NCT02038894]		179 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
The Quality of Recovery After General Anesthesia With Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Endoscopic Ureteral Lithotripsy[NCT04712162]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-19	Completed
A Comparison of Desflurane vs. Sevoflurane on Time to Awakening and the Incidence and Severity of Cough After Ambulatory Surgery Using Laryngeal Mask Airway[NCT01202162]		85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"Level of sedation at separation from parents and at the time of mask induction will be measured on a scale of 0 to 4 (University of Michigan Sedation Scale)~University of Michigan Sedation Scale:~0 -Awake/Alert~1 -Minimally Sedated: Tired/sleepy, appropriate response to verbal conversation and/or sounds.~2- Moderately Sedated: Somnolent/sleeping, easily aroused with light tactile stimulation.~3 - Deeply Sedated: Deep sleep, arousable only with significant physical stimulation.~4 - Unarousable~Moderately and Deeply sedated: Satisfactory Awake, minimally sedate, unarousable: Unsatisfactory" (NCT02250703)
Timeframe: Day 0:Just before the patient will be brought to the operating room

Number of Participants With Respiratory Complications

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Satisfactory sedation on separation from parents	Unsatisfactory sedation on separation from parents	Satisfactory sedation on transfer to OR table	Unsatisfactory sedation on transfer to OR table
Dexmedetomidine	25	11	22	14
Midazolam	15	22	12	25

An important outcome in the anesthetic management of these patients is to maintain a balance between a safe technique with a minimal incidence of respiratory complications, and a technique that facilitates rapid turnover of the gastrointestinal suite. A chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test will measure differences among the three anesthetic groups. Different anesthetic techniques are currently in use at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC). Because there is a lack of evidence to delineate the best techniques, pediatric anesthesiologists select the technique based on clinical preference and experience. (NCT02038894)
Timeframe: Admission for surgery through recovery period, approximately 3 hours

Peri-operative Times Between Three Different Anesthetic Techniques

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	SPO2 < 95%	SPO2 < 85%	Apnea	Inadequate Anesthesia	All Respiratory Events
Intubated With Propofol (IP)	0	0	1	4	5
Intubated With Sevoflurane (IS)	0	0	0	1	2
IP and NA	15	8	5	13	32
IS and IP	0	0	1	5	7
Native Airway - no Intubation	15	9	5	9	28

Time measurements are used to evaluate the efficiency of the different techniques. We will compare the times spent in the operating room and the postoperative unit for each technique. (NCT02038894)
Timeframe: Admission for surgery through recovery period, approximately 3 hours

Number of Participants Who Coughed

Quality of Recovery 40

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
	OR Time	Anesthesia Preparation Time	Procedural Time	PACU efficiency time	Total Perioperative Time
Intubated With Propofol (IP)	24.19	10.70	9.23	53.49	79.61
Intubated With Sevoflurane (IS)	24.03	10.86	9.07	49.50	75.34
IP and NA	23.61	10.53	8.78	53.96	79.49
IS and IP	24.11	10.78	9.15	51.48	77.46
Native Airway - no Intubation	23.05	10.35	8.33	54.42	79.37

Intervention	participants (Number)
Desflurane	4
Sevoflurane	7

Survey completion at 24 hours post surgery of the Quality of Recovery 40 questionnaire.This questionnaire asks 40 questions in 5 categories of recovery. The scores are combined from each group and are used as a composite score. The scores range from a low of 40 to a high of 200. A score of 40 would indicate a poor quality of recovery where as a score of 200 would be a good quality of recovery at 24 hours postoperative. (NCT01202162)
Timeframe: 1 day

Time to Awakening

Intervention	score (between 40 low-200 high) (Median)
Desflurane	188
Sevoflurane	182

(NCT01202162)
Timeframe: Time inhalational agent is turned off to time of patient awakening

Article	Year
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine;	2012
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine;	2012
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine;	2012
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine;	2012
Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arousal; Ch	2003
Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arousal; Ch	2003
Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arousal; Ch	2003
Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arousal; Ch	2003
Early intravenous cannulation in children during sevoflurane induction. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Catheterization; Child; Child, Preschoo	2004
Early intravenous cannulation in children during sevoflurane induction. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Catheterization; Child; Child, Preschoo	2004
Early intravenous cannulation in children during sevoflurane induction. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Catheterization; Child; Child, Preschoo	2004
Early intravenous cannulation in children during sevoflurane induction. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Catheterization; Child; Child, Preschoo	2004
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Respiratory reflex responses of the larynx differ between sevoflurane and propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2005
Comparison between halothane and sevoflurane for adult vital capacity induction. British journal of anaesthesia, 1997, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Double-Blind Method; Ether	1997
Single vital capacity inhalational anaesthetic induction in adults--isoflurane vs sevoflurane. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1998, Volume: 45, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Coug	1998

Article	Year
Laryngeal mask airway placement in children prior to an intravenous line utilizing heart rate as an indicator of anesthetic depth. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2014, Volume: 24, Issue:10 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Catheterization, Peripheral; Child; Chil	2014
Should neuromuscular blockers be used for every paediatric intubation? British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005), 2016, Volume: 77, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anaphylaxis; Anesthesiology; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics,	2016
Impact of high concentrations of sevoflurane on laryngeal reflex responses. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans;	2017
Sedation and anesthesia for fiberoptic intubation in management of pediatric difficult airways. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Apnea; Child	2008
Fentanyl does not reduce the incidence of laryngospasm in children anesthetized with sevoflurane. Anesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 113, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationsh	2010
Transient cardiac arrest in patient with left ventricular noncompaction (spongiform cardiomyopathy). Anesthesia progress, 2011,Spring, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cardiomy	2011
Computed tomography changes of alveoli and airway collapse after laryngospasm. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Female; Humans; Infant; Laryngismus; Lung; Methyl Ethe	2011
The effect of intravenous lidocaine on laryngeal and respiratory reflex responses in anaesthetised children. Anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:1* Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; A	2013
The correlation between bispectral index and airway reflexes with sevoflurane and halothane anaesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Local; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalogr	2004
[Specific features of anesthesia for primary surgery in children with facial and palatal clefts: retrospective study in 93 children at the Besançon University Hospital]. Revue de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, 2006, Volume: 107, Issue:2 Topics: Alfentanil; Analgesics; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bloo	2006
No time to change. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1999, Volume: 46, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child, Preschool; Cost Control; Drug Costs; Humans; Intraoperative Complica	1999
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration? Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen	2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration? Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen	2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration? Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen	2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration? Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen	2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration? Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen	2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration? Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen	2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration? Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen	2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration? Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen	2001
Desflurane or sevoflurane for gynaecological day-case anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration? Anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Gen	2001

sevoflurane and Laryngeal Spasm