sevoflurane and Psychomotor Agitation studies

Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.
sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.

Psychomotor Agitation: A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To evaluate the effects of intranasal midazolam premedication on children who undergoing inhaled induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane."	9.22	[Effects of intranasal midazolam premedication on inhaled induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane of pediatric patients]. ( Wang, R; Wang, WH, 2016)
"In children undergoing cleft lip repair surgery, infraorbital nerve block at the beginning of surgery significantly decreased the incidence of EA and the duration of EA, and provided satisfactory postoperative analgesia without delaying the time to extubation with sevoflurane anesthesia."	9.20	The effect of infraorbital nerve block on emergence agitation in children undergoing cleft lip surgery under general anesthesia with sevoflurane. ( Fu, W; Li, ST; Liu, G; Wang, H, 2015)
"Dexmedetomidine and ketamine appear to prevent postoperative agitation and pain after sevoflurane anesthesia for pediatric strabismus surgery."	9.17	Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and placebo on emergence agitation after strabismus surgery in children. ( Chen, JY; Jia, JE; Li, WX; Liu, TJ; Qin, MJ, 2013)
" They underwent sevoflurane anesthesia for elective repair of unilateral inguinal hernia."	9.17	The effect of small dose sufentanil on emergence agitation in preschool children following sevoflurane anesthesia for elective repair of unilateral inguinal hernia. ( Li, W; Li, X; Lu, Q; Xia, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhou, M, 2013)
"2 µg/kg after induction of anesthesia reduced emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl."	9.15	Sufentanil reduces emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl. ( Cao, H; Huang, ZL; Li, J; Lian, QQ; Luo, K; Mao, Y; Zhang, XT; Zhang, ZQ; Zhuang, XB, 2011)
" The frequency and type of intraoperative and postoperative complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia were compared in 140 consecutive children (aged 3 months to 10 years) undergoing cleft lip and palate repair."	9.14	Complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia in pediatric cleft lip and palate surgery: a randomized comparison study. ( Goranović, T; Knezević, P; Milić, M, 2010)
"In children undergoing strabismus surgery, 1 mg/kg propofol at the end of surgery after discontinuation of sevoflurane decreases the incidence of agitation and improves parents' satisfaction without delaying discharge from the postanesthesia care unit."	9.12	A single dose of propofol at the end of surgery for the prevention of emergence agitation in children undergoing strabismus surgery during sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Aouad, MT; Bleik, JH; El-Khatib, MF; Kanazi, GE; Nasr, VG; Yazbeck-Karam, VG, 2007)
"We investigated the effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery."	9.10	[The effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery]. ( Fukumitsu, K; Hirao, O; Kawaraguchi, Y; Kinouchi, K; Kitamura, S; Miyamoto, Y; Taniguchi, A, 2002)
"The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation (EA) and recovery profiles in children after sevoflurane anesthesia and its pharmacological mechanisms."	8.91	Meta-analysis of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation and recovery profiles in children after sevoflurane anesthesia: different administration and different dosage. ( Niu, K; Wang, G; Wang, H; Zhu, A; Zhu, M, 2015)
"Our meta-analysis suggests that fentanyl decreases the incidence of EA under sevoflurane anesthesia in children and postoperative pain, but has a higher incidence of PONV."	8.91	Effects of Fentanyl on Emergence Agitation in Children under Sevoflurane Anesthesia: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. ( Huang, X; Shi, F; Xiao, Y; Xiong, W; Yang, P; Zhou, Q, 2015)
"Emergence delirium and agitation (EAD) associated with sevoflurane general anesthesia are very commonly observed in young children."	8.89	Prevention of sevoflurane delirium and agitation with propofol. ( Messieha, Z, 2013)
"We concluded that propofol administration for intense EA alleviated EA symptoms and prevented an increase in the duration of PACU stay due to EA in children undergoing strabismus surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia."	8.12	Postoperative propofol bolus treatment did not affect recovery time in patients with emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery: Prospective nonrandomized case-control study. ( Choi, YJ; Kim, JH; Shin, HW; Xu, GS; Yoon, SZ, 2022)
"When midazolam was administered for the treatment of severe agitation it reduced the severity but did not abolish agitation."	6.70	[Prevention of "post-sevoflurane delirium" with midazolam]. ( Bressem, M; Kulka, PJ; Tryba, M; Wiebalck, A, 2001)
"To evaluate the effects of intranasal midazolam premedication on children who undergoing inhaled induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane."	5.22	[Effects of intranasal midazolam premedication on inhaled induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane of pediatric patients]. ( Wang, R; Wang, WH, 2016)
"In children undergoing cleft lip repair surgery, infraorbital nerve block at the beginning of surgery significantly decreased the incidence of EA and the duration of EA, and provided satisfactory postoperative analgesia without delaying the time to extubation with sevoflurane anesthesia."	5.20	The effect of infraorbital nerve block on emergence agitation in children undergoing cleft lip surgery under general anesthesia with sevoflurane. ( Fu, W; Li, ST; Liu, G; Wang, H, 2015)
"Dexmedetomidine and ketamine appear to prevent postoperative agitation and pain after sevoflurane anesthesia for pediatric strabismus surgery."	5.17	Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and placebo on emergence agitation after strabismus surgery in children. ( Chen, JY; Jia, JE; Li, WX; Liu, TJ; Qin, MJ, 2013)
" They underwent sevoflurane anesthesia for elective repair of unilateral inguinal hernia."	5.17	The effect of small dose sufentanil on emergence agitation in preschool children following sevoflurane anesthesia for elective repair of unilateral inguinal hernia. ( Li, W; Li, X; Lu, Q; Xia, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhou, M, 2013)
"Intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective in decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents; however, midazolam is superior in providing satisfactory conditions during mask induction."	5.16	Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. ( Akin, A; Aksu, R; Altuntas, R; Bayram, A; Boyaci, A; Esmaoglu, A; Tosun, Z, 2012)
"2 µg/kg after induction of anesthesia reduced emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl."	5.15	Sufentanil reduces emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl. ( Cao, H; Huang, ZL; Li, J; Lian, QQ; Luo, K; Mao, Y; Zhang, XT; Zhang, ZQ; Zhuang, XB, 2011)
" The frequency and type of intraoperative and postoperative complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia were compared in 140 consecutive children (aged 3 months to 10 years) undergoing cleft lip and palate repair."	5.14	Complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia in pediatric cleft lip and palate surgery: a randomized comparison study. ( Goranović, T; Knezević, P; Milić, M, 2010)
" sevoflurane and remifentanil on cough and agitation during emergence and recovery after fiberoptic bronchoscopy."	5.14	The effect of remifentanil on the emergence characteristics of children undergoing FBO for bronchoalveolar lavage with sevoflurane anaesthesia. ( Erbuyun, K; Keles, GT; Ozer, M; Ozturk, T; Tok, D; Yuksel, H, 2009)
"In children undergoing strabismus surgery, 1 mg/kg propofol at the end of surgery after discontinuation of sevoflurane decreases the incidence of agitation and improves parents' satisfaction without delaying discharge from the postanesthesia care unit."	5.12	A single dose of propofol at the end of surgery for the prevention of emergence agitation in children undergoing strabismus surgery during sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Aouad, MT; Bleik, JH; El-Khatib, MF; Kanazi, GE; Nasr, VG; Yazbeck-Karam, VG, 2007)
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in the pediatric ambulatory surgical population, the efficacy of: (i) oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), when given preoperatively, to reduce postoperative excitement associated with sevoflurane, and (ii) intravenous ondansetron to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) associated with OTFC."	5.11	The effect of premedication with OTFC, with or without ondansetron, on postoperative agitation, and nausea and vomiting in pediatric ambulatory patients. ( Bachman, C; Binstock, W; Kahana, M; Lynch, JP; McDade, W; Rubin, R, 2004)
" Sevoflurane has a propensity to induce 'excitement' during induction of anaesthesia, and delirium in the immediate postoperative phase."	5.11	Postoperative behavioral changes following anesthesia with sevoflurane. ( Diviney, D; Harte, S; Keaney, A; Lyons, B, 2004)
"Our results show that in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair, pain control with a preoperative caudal block as compared to intraoperative intravenous fentanyl significantly reduces the incidence of emergence agitation and pain scores following sevoflurane anesthesia."	5.11	Preoperative caudal block prevents emergence agitation in children following sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Aouad, MT; Baraka, AS; Gerges, FJ; Kanazi, GE; Rizk, LB; Siddik-Sayyid, SM, 2005)
"We investigated the effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery."	5.10	[The effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery]. ( Fukumitsu, K; Hirao, O; Kawaraguchi, Y; Kinouchi, K; Kitamura, S; Miyamoto, Y; Taniguchi, A, 2002)
"Our meta-analysis suggests that fentanyl decreases the incidence of EA under sevoflurane anesthesia in children and postoperative pain, but has a higher incidence of PONV."	4.91	Effects of Fentanyl on Emergence Agitation in Children under Sevoflurane Anesthesia: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. ( Huang, X; Shi, F; Xiao, Y; Xiong, W; Yang, P; Zhou, Q, 2015)
"The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation (EA) and recovery profiles in children after sevoflurane anesthesia and its pharmacological mechanisms."	4.91	Meta-analysis of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation and recovery profiles in children after sevoflurane anesthesia: different administration and different dosage. ( Niu, K; Wang, G; Wang, H; Zhu, A; Zhu, M, 2015)
"Emergence delirium and agitation (EAD) associated with sevoflurane general anesthesia are very commonly observed in young children."	4.89	Prevention of sevoflurane delirium and agitation with propofol. ( Messieha, Z, 2013)
"We concluded that propofol administration for intense EA alleviated EA symptoms and prevented an increase in the duration of PACU stay due to EA in children undergoing strabismus surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia."	4.12	Postoperative propofol bolus treatment did not affect recovery time in patients with emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery: Prospective nonrandomized case-control study. ( Choi, YJ; Kim, JH; Shin, HW; Xu, GS; Yoon, SZ, 2022)
"Emergence delirium (ED) is of increasing interest since the introduction of short-acting volatiles such as sevoflurane."	3.76	A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. ( Bajwa, SA; Costi, D; Cyna, AM, 2010)
"Clonidine is an effective adjunctive agent for the prevention of emergence agitation in children, but evidence in the smallest age groups is sparse We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of an intraoperative bolus of intravenous clonidine for preventing emergence agitation in children 3-12 months of age."	3.30	Clonidine for preventing emergence agitation in infants (PREVENT AGITATION II): Protocol and statistical analysis plan. ( Afshari, A; Falcon, L; Garioud, ALB; Mondrup, F; Nielsen, BN, 2023)
"The incidence of postoperative pain was significantly less in the KETODEX group (15."	2.80	The effect of KETODEX on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane based-anesthesia. ( Daoud, A; Hadi, SM; Mei, X; Ouyang, W; Saleh, AJ; Tang, YZ, 2015)
"Sevoflurane was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia and caudal block was performed in all children."	2.79	Effect of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane requirements and emergence agitation in children undergoing ambulatory surgery. ( Kil, HK; Kim, NY; Kim, SY; Yoon, HJ, 2014)
"Fentanyl 0."	2.78	Effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative recovery profile of children undergoing surgery for spinal dysraphism. ( Dash, HH; Gupta, N; Prabhakar, H; Rath, GP, 2013)
"Sevoflurane is an ideal agent for anesthesia since its respiratory irritant effect is minimal during mask induction."	2.78	Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and remiphentanyl on emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in adults undergoing septoplasty operation: a randomized double-blind trial. ( Batuman, A; Durukan, P; Emre, C; Ethemoglu, FB; Kavalci, G, 2013)
"Clonidine has proven to be effective in reducing the incidence of post-operative agitation at a higher dose (3 and 2 μg kg⁻¹)."	2.76	Efficacy of low-dose caudal clonidine in reduction of sevoflurane-induced agitation in children undergoing urogenital and lower limb surgery: a prospective randomised double-blind study. ( Agarwala, RB; Ghosh, SM; Pandey, M; Vajifdar, H, 2011)
"Sevoflurane anaesthesia was administered via a facemask (O2/N2O: 40/60)."	2.73	Oral clonidine vs midazolam in the prevention of sevoflurane-induced agitation in children. a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. ( De Groote, F; De Hert, S; De Villé, A; Dierick, A; Tazeroualti, N; Van der Linden, P, 2007)
"Delirium was defined as agitation score of > or =4 for > or =5 min."	2.72	Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. ( Arslan, M; Isik, B; Kurtipek, O; Tunga, AD, 2006)
"Eighty children undergoing inguinal hernia repair between the ages of 12 mo and 6 yr were randomly assigned to receive either halothane or sevoflurane anesthesia."	2.71	The effect of caudal analgesia on emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane versus halothane anesthesia. ( Bell, M; Craddock, T; Weldon, BC, 2004)
"Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent with low pungency, non-irritating odor, and low blood/gas partition coefficient that makes it an attractive alternative to halothane."	2.70	Premedication with low-dose oral midazolam reduces the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in pediatric patients following sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Chen, CC; Cheng, CR; Huang, CJ; Hung, YC; Ko, YP; Su, NY; Tsai, PS, 2001)
"Fentanyl 2 microg/kg was found to reduce the incidence of agitation in these patients."	2.70	The effect of intranasal fentanyl on the emergence characteristics after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing surgery for bilateral myringotomy tube placement. ( Choi, SS; Cohen, IT; Finkel, JC; Hannallah, RS; Hummer, KA; Kim, MS; Patel, KM; Pena, M; Schreiber, SB; Zalzal, G, 2001)
"When midazolam was administered for the treatment of severe agitation it reduced the severity but did not abolish agitation."	2.70	[Prevention of "post-sevoflurane delirium" with midazolam]. ( Bressem, M; Kulka, PJ; Tryba, M; Wiebalck, A, 2001)
"I."	2.69	Influences of tramadol on emergence characteristics from sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric ambulatory surgery. ( Chen, PY; Fan, KT; Lee, TH; Lu, DV; Soo, LY; Tang, CS; Yu, KL, 2000)
"Cardiac arrhythmias were seen more frequently with halothane (61%) than with sevoflurane (5%)."	2.68	Sevoflurane for ENT-surgery in children. A comparison with halothane. ( Florén, M; Johannesson, GP; Lindahl, SG, 1995)
"Sevoflurane has rapidly replaced halothane as the inhaled anesthetic agent of choice for the pediatric population."	2.43	Sevoflurane and emergence behavioral changes in pediatrics. ( Moos, DD, 2005)
"Sevoflurane was usually administered at high concentrations of up to 7% on induction; after 2 minutes the concentration was reduced."	1.35	[Sedation with sevoflurane for magnetic resonance imaging in pediatrics: retrospective study of 5864 cases]. ( De Sanctis Briggs, V, 2009)

Research

Studies (131)

Authors

Clinical Trials (38)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Fentanyl and Morphine Requirements

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	2 (1.53)	18.2507
2000's	57 (43.51)	29.6817
2010's	64 (48.85)	24.3611
2020's	8 (6.11)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Xu, GS	1
Yoon, SZ	1
Choi, YJ	1
Shin, HW	1
Kim, JH	1
Garioud, ALB	1
Nielsen, BN	2
Falcon, L	1
Mondrup, F	1
Afshari, A	2
Yu, H	1
Sun, X	1
Li, P	1
Deng, X	1
Kim, YH	1
Lee, SJ	1
Sung, TY	1
Tang, W	1
He, D	1
Liu, Y	1
Yang, YY	1
Zhang, MZ	1
Sun, Y	1
Peng, ZZ	1
Liu, PP	1
Wang, YT	1
Zheng, JJ	1
Wu, JZ	1
Yang, L	2
Ton, H	1
Zhao, R	1
Geron, E	1
Li, M	2
Dong, Y	1
Zhang, Y	3
Yu, B	1
Yang, G	1
Xie, Z	2
Gerónimo-Pardo, M	1
Kim, JS	1
Kim, GW	1
Park, DH	1
Ahn, HE	1
Chang, MY	1
Kim, JY	2
Liang, P	1
Li, F	1
Liu, J	2
Liao, D	1
Huang, H	1
Zhou, C	1
An, LJ	1
Su, Z	1
Zhang, XL	1
Liu, HL	1
Zhang, ZJ	1
Hu, JL	1
Li, ST	2
Zhong, Q	1
Qu, X	1
Xu, C	1
Ydemann, M	1
Henneberg, S	1
Jakobsen, JC	1
Wetterslev, J	1
Lauritsen, T	1
Steen, N	1
Edstrøm, B	1
Engelhardt, T	1
Lauder, GR	1
Ton, HT	1
Tan, D	1
Xia, H	1
Sun, S	1
Wang, F	1
Gupta, N	1
Rath, GP	1
Prabhakar, H	1
Dash, HH	1
He, L	1
Wang, X	1
Zheng, S	1
Shi, Y	2
Messieha, Z	1
Kanaya, A	1
Kuratani, N	2
Satoh, D	1
Kurosawa, S	1
Abdulatif, M	1
Ahmed, A	1
Mukhtar, A	1
Badawy, S	1
Celebi, S	1
Topak, M	1
Develioglu, ON	1
Caglar, E	1
Yalcin, E	1
Unsel, M	1
Kulekci, M	1
Chen, L	1
Yu, L	1
Fan, Y	1
Manyande, A	1
Kavalci, G	1
Ethemoglu, FB	1
Durukan, P	1
Batuman, A	1
Emre, C	1
Kim, NY	1
Kim, SY	2
Yoon, HJ	1
Kil, HK	1
Oofuvong, M	1
Siripruekpong, S	1
Naklongdee, J	1
Hnookong, R	1
Lakateb, C	1
Sun, L	2
Guo, R	1
Zhang, C	1
Hu, J	1
Liu, X	1
Yan, J	1
Kim, HJ	1
Kim, DK	1
Sohn, TS	1
Lee, JH	2
Lee, GH	1
Bilgen, S	1
Köner, Ö	1
Karacay, S	1
Sancar, NK	1
Kaspar, EC	1
Sözübir, S	1
Choi, GJ	1
Baek, CW	1
Kang, H	1
Park, YH	2
Yang, SY	1
Shin, HY	1
Jung, YH	1
Woo, YC	1
Lee, UL	1
Costi, D	2
Ellwood, J	1
Wallace, A	1
Ahmed, S	1
Waring, L	1
Cyna, A	1
Hadi, SM	1
Saleh, AJ	1
Tang, YZ	1
Daoud, A	1
Mei, X	1
Ouyang, W	1
Zhu, M	1
Wang, H	2
Zhu, A	1
Niu, K	1
Wang, G	1
van Hoff, SL	1
O'Neill, ES	1
Cohen, LC	1
Collins, BA	1
Kim, HS	2
Byon, HJ	1
Kim, JE	1
Kim, JT	1
Liu, G	1
Fu, W	1
Jiang, S	1
Ji, W	1
Liang, J	1
Shi, F	1
Xiao, Y	1
Xiong, W	1
Zhou, Q	1
Yang, P	1
Huang, X	1
Tan, Y	1
Ding, H	1
Kong, X	1
Zhou, H	1
Tian, J	1
Frederick, HJ	1
Wofford, K	1
de Lisle Dear, G	1
Schulman, SR	1
Williams, K	1
Taghizadeh, N	1
Davidson, A	1
Wang, R	1
Wang, WH	1
Lin, Y	1
Chen, Y	1
Huang, J	1
Chen, H	1
Shen, W	1
Guo, W	1
Chen, Q	1
Ling, H	1
Gan, X	1
Saringcarinkul, A	1
Manchupong, S	1
Punjasawadwong, Y	1
Petrenko, AB	1
Kohno, T	1
Wu, J	1
Sakimura, K	1
Baba, H	1
Ozturk, T	1
Erbuyun, K	1
Keles, GT	1
Ozer, M	1
Yuksel, H	1
Tok, D	1
Chang, YJ	1
Lee, JY	1
Park, HY	1
Kwak, HJ	1
De Sanctis Briggs, V	1
Bryan, YF	1
Hoke, LK	1
Taghon, TA	1
Nick, TG	1
Wang, Y	2
Kennedy, SM	1
Furstein, JS	1
Kurth, CD	1
Milić, M	1
Goranović, T	1
Knezević, P	1
Faulk, DJ	1
Twite, MD	1
Zuk, J	1
Pan, Z	1
Wallen, B	1
Friesen, RH	1
Khattab, AM	1
El-Seify, ZA	1
Shaaban, A	1
Radojevic, D	1
Jankovic, I	1
Bajwa, SA	1
Cyna, AM	1
Ghai, B	1
Ram, J	1
Chauhan, S	1
Wig, J	1
Sato, M	1
Shirakami, G	1
Tazuke-Nishimura, M	1
Matsuura, S	1
Tanimoto, K	1
Fukuda, K	1
Dong, YX	1
Meng, LX	1
Zhang, JJ	1
Zhao, GY	1
Ma, CH	1
Chen, J	1
Li, W	2
Hu, X	1
Wang, D	1
Apan, A	1
Aykaç, E	1
Kazkayasi, M	1
Doganci, N	1
Tahran, FD	1
Rampersad, S	1
Jimenez, N	1
Bradford, H	1
Seidel, K	1
Lynn, A	1
Ghosh, SM	1
Agarwala, RB	1
Pandey, M	1
Vajifdar, H	1
Seo, IS	1
Seong, CR	1
Jung, G	1
Park, SJ	1
Kim, MM	1
Key, KL	1
Rich, C	1
DeCristofaro, C	1
Collins, S	1
Özcengiz, D	1
Gunes, Y	1
Ozmete, O	1
Mizuno, J	1
Nakata, Y	2
Morita, S	2
Arita, H	1
Hanaoka, K	1
Hoşten, T	1
Solak, M	1
Elemen, L	1
Ozgun, M	1
Toker, K	1
Zand, F	1
Allahyary, E	1
Hamidi, AR	1
Akin, A	1
Bayram, A	1
Esmaoglu, A	1
Tosun, Z	1
Aksu, R	1
Altuntas, R	1
Boyaci, A	1
Lee, YC	1
Kim, JM	1
Ko, HB	1
Lee, SR	1
Li, J	1
Huang, ZL	1
Zhang, XT	1
Luo, K	1
Zhang, ZQ	1
Mao, Y	1
Zhuang, XB	1
Lian, QQ	1
Cao, H	1
Meng, QT	1
Xia, ZY	1
Luo, T	1
Wu, Y	1
Tang, LH	1
Zhao, B	1
Chen, JH	1
Chen, X	1
Dahmani, S	1
Mantz, J	1
Veyckemans, F	2
Marcos Vidal, JM	1
González de Castro, R	1
Higuera Miguélez, E	1
Soria Gulina, C	1
Fan, H	1
Tao, F	1
Wan, HF	1
Luo, H	1
Na, HS	1
Song, IA	1
Hwang, JW	1
Do, SH	1
Oh, AY	2
Li, X	1
Zhou, M	1
Xia, Q	1
Lu, Q	1
Chen, JY	1
Jia, JE	1
Liu, TJ	1
Qin, MJ	1
Li, WX	1
Cohen, IT	3
Finkel, JC	3
Hannallah, RS	3
Hummer, KA	3
Patel, KM	3
Kawaraguchi, Y	1
Miyamoto, Y	1
Fukumitsu, K	1
Taniguchi, A	1
Hirao, O	1
Kitamura, S	1
Kinouchi, K	1
Chiba, S	1
Shima, T	1
Murakami, N	1
Kato, M	1
Cravero, JP	2
Beach, M	2
Thyr, B	1
Whalen, K	3
Yamashita, M	1
Miyasaka, K	1
Stewart, PC	1
Cunnington, P	1
Martin, R	1
Ibacache, ME	1
Muñoz, HR	1
Brandes, V	1
Morales, AL	1
Weldon, BC	1
Bell, M	1
Craddock, T	1
Constant, I	3
Leport, Y	1
Richard, P	1
Moutard, ML	1
Murat, I	3
Demirbilek, S	1
Togal, T	1
Cicek, M	1
Aslan, U	1
Sizanli, E	1
Ersoy, MO	1
Binstock, W	1
Rubin, R	1
Bachman, C	1
Kahana, M	1
McDade, W	1
Lynch, JP	1
Keaney, A	1
Diviney, D	1
Harte, S	1
Lyons, B	1
Moos, DD	1
Seo, KS	1
Kim, SD	1
Kim, CS	1
Aouad, MT	2
Kanazi, GE	2
Siddik-Sayyid, SM	1
Gerges, FJ	1
Rizk, LB	1
Baraka, AS	1
Shibata, S	1
Shigeomi, S	1
Sato, W	1
Enzan, K	1
Araki, H	1
Fujiwara, Y	1
Shimada, Y	1
Tesoro, S	1
Mezzetti, D	1
Marchesini, L	1
Peduto, VA	1
Mayer, J	1
Boldt, J	1
Röhm, KD	1
Scheuermann, K	1
Suttner, SW	1
Mishra, LD	1
Tiwari, A	1
Bordes, M	1
Cros, AM	1
Dalens, BJ	1
Pinard, AM	1
Létourneau, DR	1
Albert, NT	1
Truchon, RJ	1
Lankinen, U	1
Avela, R	1
Tarkkila, P	1
Malviya, S	1
Voepel-Lewis, T	1
Ramamurthi, RJ	1
Burke, C	1
Tait, AR	1
Auerswald, K	1
Behrends, K	1
Burkhardt, U	1
Olthoff, D	1
Isik, B	1
Arslan, M	1
Tunga, AD	1
Kurtipek, O	1
Bortone, L	1
Ingelmo, P	1
Grossi, S	1
Grattagliano, C	1
Bricchi, C	1
Barantani, D	1
Sani, E	1
Mergoni, M	1
Tazeroualti, N	1
De Groote, F	1
De Hert, S	1
De Villé, A	1
Dierick, A	1
Van der Linden, P	1
Abu-Shahwan, I	2
Chowdary, K	1
Wrench, I	1
Yazbeck-Karam, VG	1
Nasr, VG	1
El-Khatib, MF	1
Bleik, JH	1
Johannesson, GP	1
Florén, M	1
Lindahl, SG	1
Dubois, MC	1
Piat, V	1
Lamblin, O	1
Picard, V	1
Dumont, L	1
Pellegrini, M	1
Smith, CE	1
Fallon, WF	1
Cravero, J	1
Surgenor, S	1
Uezono, S	1
Goto, T	1
Terui, K	1
Ichinose, F	1
Ishguro, Y	1
Fan, KT	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Clinical Study on the Effects of Propofol for Treatment on Emergence Agitation After Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery[NCT02738814]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Enrolling by invitation
Dexmedetomidine as a Sole Premedication for BMT Placement in Children Undergoing Bilateral Myringotomy Tube Placement Surgery[NCT05903326]		276 participants (Actual)	Observational	2022-02-11	Completed
Does Intraoperative Clonidine Reduce Post Operative Agitation in Children Anaesthetised With Sevoflurane? A RCT Including Pharmacokinetic Investigation.[NCT02361476]	Phase 4	379 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Clonidine for Tourniquet-related Pain in Children: A Pilot Study[NCT04564430]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Recruiting
Effectivity of 0.5 mg/kg Propofol in the End of Anesthesia to Reduce the Incidence of Postanesthetic Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Patients Under General Inhalation Anesthesia[NCT03528954]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-31	Completed
Investigation of the DNA Methylation Profile in Children Who Presented Emergence Delirium[NCT03787849]		175 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-24	Completed
Caudal Versus Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate In The Prevention OF Emergence Agitation After Sevoflurane Anesthesia For Lower Abdominal Surgeries In Children.[NCT03846284]		93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-08	Active, not recruiting
Caudal Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine for Caudal Analgesia in Children: A Randomised Controlled Double Blind Study[NCT02416063]	Phase 2	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Emergence Delirium in Children: a Randomized Clinical Trial of Different Doses of Sevoflurane During Induction of Anesthesia[NCT02707016]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Recruiting
Effect of Single-dose Dexmedetomidine on Emergence Agitation and Postoperative Behavior Changes After Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Children[NCT03596775]	Early Phase 1	96 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-01	Not yet recruiting
The Quality of Recovery After General Anesthesia With Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Endoscopic Ureteral Lithotripsy[NCT04712162]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-19	Completed
KETODEX for Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Outpatient Strabismus Surgery[NCT03779282]		90 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-02-15	Completed
Effect of Different Administrations of Propofol on Emergence Agitation in Preschool Children Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery[NCT05420402]		168 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-01	Active, not recruiting
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic Analysis for Dosing Strategy and Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine in Children[NCT04027829]	Phase 2	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-14	Completed
Recovery Profiles After c Spine Surgery: With or Without Dexmedetomidine as an Anesthetic Adjuvant[NCT02819089]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Recruiting
The Effects of Remifentanil and Remifentanil-Alfentanil Administration on Emergence Agitation After Brief Ophthalmic Surgery in Children[NCT02486926]		102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD): A New Modality to Assess Postoperative Agitation After a Single Bolus of Dexmedetomidine Versus Nalbuphine in Children With Cleft Palate Repair[NCT04928391]	Phase 3	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-20	Recruiting
Acupuncture for the Prevention of Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Myringotomy Tube Placement[NCT02383004]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Bispectral Index Monitoring In Pediatric Cataract Surgery: A Comparative Study Using Propofol- Midazolam Versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia[NCT05262205]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-15	Enrolling by invitation
[NCT01506622]		222 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Comparison of Efficacy of Premedication Between Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam Intranasal for the Prevention of Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Ophthalmic Surgery[NCT04263844]	Phase 4	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-10	Completed
Evaluating Stress Response and Anxiety Score in Paediatric Patients Sedated With Intranasal Dexmedetomidine[NCT04526652]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-01	Completed
Comparing Intranasal Dexmedetomidine With Oral Midazolam as Premedication for Older Children Undergoing General Anesthesia for Dental Rehabilitation[NCT02250703]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Effect of Intravenous Nalbuphine on Emergence Agitation in Children Undergoing Repair of Rupture Globe[NCT03470077]	Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-31	Completed
Use of Dexmedetomidine for Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing General Anesthesia for Endovascular Interventional Neuroradiologic Procedures[NCT00857727]	Phase 3	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Outcomes During Emergence From Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Surgery[NCT02316236]		66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-10	Completed
An Intraoperative Infusion of Dexmedetomidine Reduces the Opioid Requirements for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hypospadias Surgery[NCT00926705]	Phase 3	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
Effect of Increasing Depth of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol Anesthesia on Upper Airway Morphology in Children With History of Obstructive Sleep Apnea[NCT01344759]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
The Use of ADV6209 for Premedication in Pediatric Anesthesia: a Controlled, Randomized, Double Blinded Study[NCT03931057]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-16	Completed
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Decreases Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Patients After Sevoflurane Based General Anesthesia[NCT00778063]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Terminated (stopped due to Difficulty enrolling patients)
Comparing the Efficacy Between Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Miantainance of Spontaneous General Anaesthesia Using Ambu Aura Gain in Paediatrics Patients[NCT04771962]	Phase 1/Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
Use of Intraoperative Clonidine for Prevention of Postoperative Agitation in Pedriatic Anesthesia With Sevoflurane.[NCT02181543]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Use of Dexmedetomidine Infusion for Analgesia and Emergence Agitation for Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy and Adenotonsillectomy[NCT00468052]	Phase 3	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Endotracheal Intubation With Sevoflurane in Surgical Pediatric Patients: Incremental Versus High Concentration Inhalation Induction[NCT02429323]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine or Sevoflurane Add to Dexmedetomidine-based Sedation for Ophthalmology Procedure in Children[NCT05321160]		116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-10	Completed
Prospective, Randomized, Allocation-Concealed, Blinded Study Designed to Compare Ketorolac Sublingual and Fentanyl Intranasal in Pain Control for Bilateral Myringotomy and Tubes (BMT) Placement in Children[NCT02653742]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Recruiting
ROPIVACAINE WITH CLONIDINE FOR PEDIATRIC RECTUS SHEATH BLOCKS- THE MAGIC COMBINATION? - A Double Blinded Prospective Study[NCT02439281]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Terminated (stopped due to The patients were discharged on the day of the surgery.)
Dyphenhidramine Effect on Prevention of Sevoflurane Induced Post Anesthesia Agitation in Pediatric[NCT02463929]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Amount used (NCT02361476)
Timeframe: Recorded during the stay in the postoperative recovery room

First Administration of Fentanyl or Morphine

Pain Assessment

Intervention	mg morphine equivalents (Mean)
Intervention	0.46
Placebo	0.7

Intervention	MEDIAN time (min) to administration (Median)
Intervention	105
Placebo	60

"Pain score used:~FLACC score = Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Score ranges from 0 to 10 (severity increases with increasing score) Pain is FLACC score more than 3" (NCT02361476)
Timeframe: recovery room - hours

Postoperative Agitation

Intervention	Pain Score (Mean)
Intervention	1.57
Placebo	2.45

Measured by Watchae Scale (score 1-4), scores 1-2 = no agitation and scores 3-4 = agitated (NCT02361476)
Timeframe: 1 day

Adverse Events

University of Michigan Sedation Scale

Intervention	participants with agitation (Number)
Intervention	46
Placebo	86

Intervention	participants (Number)
	adverse events	serious adverse events	Treated for low blood pressure
Intervention	0	2	0
Placebo	5	2	0

"Level of sedation at separation from parents and at the time of mask induction will be measured on a scale of 0 to 4 (University of Michigan Sedation Scale)~University of Michigan Sedation Scale:~0 -Awake/Alert~1 -Minimally Sedated: Tired/sleepy, appropriate response to verbal conversation and/or sounds.~2- Moderately Sedated: Somnolent/sleeping, easily aroused with light tactile stimulation.~3 - Deeply Sedated: Deep sleep, arousable only with significant physical stimulation.~4 - Unarousable~Moderately and Deeply sedated: Satisfactory Awake, minimally sedate, unarousable: Unsatisfactory" (NCT02250703)
Timeframe: Day 0:Just before the patient will be brought to the operating room

Length of Anesthesia

Length of Surgery

Total Fentanyl

Total Propofol

Total Sevoflurane

Total Study Drug

Weight

Number of Participants With Emergence Delirium

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Satisfactory sedation on separation from parents	Unsatisfactory sedation on separation from parents	Satisfactory sedation on transfer to OR table	Unsatisfactory sedation on transfer to OR table
Dexmedetomidine	25	11	22	14
Midazolam	15	22	12	25

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Drug	199
Control	215

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Drug	58
Control	86

Intervention	mcg/kg (Mean)
Drug	2.33
Control	2.36

Intervention	mg/kg (Mean)
Drug	2.11
Control	2.41

Intervention	ml/kg (Mean)
Drug	3.67
Control	6.80

Intervention	mcg/kg (Mean)
Drug	1.55
Control	1.43

Intervention	kg (Mean)
Drug	21.8
Control	18.5

Emergence Delirium (ED) during the 15-45min. post-op period as assessed by the Cole Score. (Cole Score 3-5 = ED). The Cole Scale is an ordinal ranking of ED (1=sleeping; 2=awake, calm; 3=irritable, crying; 4=inconsolable, crying; 5=severe restlessness, disorientation). (NCT00857727)
Timeframe: 15-45 minutes post-op

Needed Artificial Airway

Intervention	participants (Number)
	ED	No ED
Control	7	7
Drug	1	13

This is the count of the number of patients who needed an artificial airway. (NCT01344759)
Timeframe: During MRI and until recovery room discharge - approximately 30-250 minutes

Obstructive Index Until Recovery Room Discharge

Intervention	Number of artifical airway events (Number)
Mild OSA and Dexmedetomidine	0
Mild OSA and Propofol	1
Moderate OSA and Dexmedetomidine	1
Moderate OSA and Propofol	1
Severe OSA and Dexmedetomidine	2
Severe OSA and Propofol	5

The Obstructive Index is a count of the obstructive apnea events per hour of sleep (NCT01344759)
Timeframe: During MRI and until recovery room discharge - approximately 30-250 minutes

Respiratory Disturbance Index

Intervention	Apnea events/hour of sleep (Mean)
Mild OSA and Dexmedetomidine	4.2
Mild OSA and Propofol	3.0
Moderate OSA and Dexmedetomidine	8.0
Moderate OSA and Propofol	8.0
Severe OSA and Dexmedetomidine	16.7
Severe OSA and Propofol	17.1

The respiratory disturbance index is a count of respiratory disturbance events per hour of sleep. (NCT01344759)
Timeframe: During MRI and until recovery room discharge - approximately 30-250 minutes

Room Air SpO2

Intervention	respir.disturbance events/hr of sleep (Mean)
Mild OSA and Dexmedetomidine	5.1
Mild OSA and Propofol	3.2
Moderate OSA and Dexmedetomidine	8.8
Moderate OSA and Propofol	7.1
Severe OSA and Dexmedetomidine	16.6
Severe OSA and Propofol	25.2

The patient's oxygen saturation on room air. (NCT01344759)
Timeframe: During MRI and until recovery room discharge - approximately 30-250 minutes

Cross Sectional Area of the Pharyngeal Airway

Intervention	percentage of SpO2 (Mean)
Mild OSA and Dexmedetomidine	87.2
Mild OSA and Propofol	88.0
Moderate OSA and Dexmedetomidine	86.3
Moderate OSA and Propofol	89.0
Severe OSA and Dexmedetomidine	84.0
Severe OSA and Propofol	88.0

The primary outcome measures will be the cross sectional area of the pharyngeal airway of the patients measured at two levels soft palate (nasopharyngeal) and base of the tongue (retroglossal). Magnetic resonance images of the airway were obtained during low (1 mcg/kg/hr) and high (3 mcg/kg/hr) doses of DEX or low (100 mcg/kg/m) and high (200 mcg/kg/m) doses of Propofol. All were administered through an intravenous (IV) catheter. (NCT01344759)
Timeframe: during MRI within first 10 minutes of scanning

Duration of Agitation

Intervention	mm^2 (Median)
	Low Dose Sedative, Nasopharyngeal measurement	High Dose Sedative, Nasopharyngeal measurement	Low Dose Sedative, Retroglossal measurement	High dose sedative, Retroglossal measurement
Dexmedetomidine	178.5	235.4	120.9	120.5
Propofol	239.9	201.6	115.1	108.1

Cole EA scale 1=calm , 5=unconsolable (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: on arrival to PACU and for 2 hours postoperatively

Number of Participants With SpO2 < or Equal to 95%

Participants Requiring Morphine Rescue in PACU

Time to Awaken

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Fentanyl	11.85
Dexmedetomidine	6.59

Intervention	participants (Number)
Fentanyl	2
Dexmedetomidine	4

Intervention	participants (Number)
Fentanyl	25
Dexmedetomidine	11

defined as spontaneous eye opening or on command (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: at end of surgery

Time to Extubation

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Fentanyl (F) Group	8.75
Dexmedetomidine	7.18

defined as time from end of surgery to tracheal extubation (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: at end of surgical procedure

Emergence Agitation and Pain

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Fentanyl (F) Group	10.44
Dexmedetomidine	8.59

"emergence agitation and pain will be assessed. Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAED) range 0-20 a lower score indicates the child is calm and the higher score indicates severe agitation. Cole Agitation Scale was employed which is a 5 point Likert scale. Parameters ranging 1 to 5 1=child is calm and 5 =the child is severly agitated .~Objective Pain Score range is 0-10 (higher score the greater pain). 3 Parameters are captured systolic b/p,crying, movements, agitation , complaints of pain" (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: On arrival to PACU and 2 hours postoperatively

Hemodynamic Stability

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	PAED	Cole EA	OPS
Dexmedetomidine	10	3	3
Fentanyl (F) Group	14	4	5

Participants whose heart rate per minute was below 60 intraoperatively. Participants whose systolic blood pressure dremonstrated < 30% decrease from baseline and sustained for 5 minutes received rescue as defined by the protocol. (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: intraoperatively

Average Pain Severity at the Umbilicus Laparoscopic Site

Intervention	participants (Number)
	heart rate below 60 bpm	systolic blood pressure <30% below baseline
Dexmedetomidine	0	0
Fentanyl (F) Group	0	0

Numeric Rating Pain Scores ( 0-10), will be obtained every 2 hours after PACU discharge up to 18 hours or until hospital discharge, whichever occurs first. The pain score of 0, means no pain, is a good outcome , and a pain score of 10 is excruciating pain, a very bad outcome. The average of these scores will be evaluated.The pain scores will not longer be documented after the numbness went away. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: Logistic regression of the 4 th pain score assessment

Change in Anxiety Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Ropivacaine Group	2
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	1.5

The investigators hypothesize that patient postoperative anxiety scores are lower in the Ropivacaine/Clonidine group and postoperative anxiety scores decrease more in Ropivacaine /Clonidine Group, than in Ropivacaine Group. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: 6 hours after block placement

Complications Rate

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Ropivacaine Group	30
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	29

The investigators expect no difference in incidence of complications (e.g. oversedation, hypotension, bradycardia episodes, etc.). (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: until study completion

Duration of Analgesia at Umbilicus Instrument Site-How Many Minutes Passed From the Time When the Blocks Where Performed Until Patient Reported Pain at Umbilicus

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	1
Ropivacaine Group	1

The investigators hypothesize that rectus sheath injections with ropivacaine/ clonidine would result in longer duration of analgesia and decreased pain scores compared to ropivacaine alone. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: indicated by the first request for pain medication at umbilicus site

Duration of Sensory Block (Paresthesia)

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	230
Ropivacaine Group	240

The investigators hypothesize that rectus sheath injections with ropivacaine and clonidine result in longer duration of sensory block (paresthesia) compared to ropivacaine alone. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: Indicated by return of normal sensation (expected average of 12 hours after block placement).

Medication Consumption

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	823.5
Ropivacaine Group	540

Total intravenous morphine equivalents mg/kg (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: 18 hours after surgery

Satisfaction With Pain Control From Patient

Intervention	mg/kg (Median)
Ropivacaine/ Clonidine Group	0.20
Ropivacaine Group	0.22

The investigators hypothesize that rectus sheath injections with ropivacaine/ clonidine would result in better satisfaction with pain control. (NCT02439281)
Timeframe: Prior to hospital discharge (up to 24 hours after surgery)

Article	Year
Emergence agitation: current knowledge and unresolved questions. Korean journal of anesthesiology, 2020, Volume: 73, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Emergence Delir	2020
Effect of Dexmedetomidine in children undergoing general anaesthesia with sevoflurane: a meta-analysis and systematic review. The Journal of international medical research, 2020, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; C	2020
Effect of ancillary drugs on sevoflurane related emergence agitation in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC anesthesiology, 2019, 08-01, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesics; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Bayes Theo	2019
Prevention of sevoflurane delirium and agitation with propofol. Anesthesia progress, 2013,Summer, Volume: 60, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Consciousness Monitors; Delirium; Humans; Methyl	2013
Lower incidence of emergence agitation in children after propofol anesthesia compared with sevoflurane: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of anesthesia, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, I	2014
Dexmedetomidine for preventing sevoflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2014, Volume: 58, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Confidence Intervals; Dexmedetomidine;	2014
Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation in children under sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Extubation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Lengt	2014
Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation in children under sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Extubation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Lengt	2014
Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation in children under sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Extubation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Lengt	2014
Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation in children under sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Extubation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Lengt	2014
Meta-analysis of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation and recovery profiles in children after sevoflurane anesthesia: different administration and different dosage. PloS one, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Dexmedetomidine; Fentanyl; H	2015
Does a prophylactic dose of propofol reduce emergence agitation in children receiving anesthesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hy	2015
Does a prophylactic dose of propofol reduce emergence agitation in children receiving anesthesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hy	2015
Does a prophylactic dose of propofol reduce emergence agitation in children receiving anesthesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hy	2015
Does a prophylactic dose of propofol reduce emergence agitation in children receiving anesthesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hy	2015
The efficacy of propofol on emergence agitation--a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2015, Volume: 59, Issue:10 Topics: Desflurane; Humans; Isoflurane; Length of Stay; Methyl Ethers; Propofol; Psychomotor Agitation; Rand	2015
Effects of Fentanyl on Emergence Agitation in Children under Sevoflurane Anesthesia: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PloS one, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Incidence; Male; Methyl E	2015
μ-Opioid agonists for preventing emergence agitation under sevoflurane anesthesia in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Alfentanil; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Fentanyl	2016
Agitation on emergence from sevoflurane anaesthesia can be reduced. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2016, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hu	2016
Use of propofol and emergence agitation in children: a literature review. AANA journal, 2010, Volume: 78, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2010
Use of propofol and emergence agitation in children: a literature review. AANA journal, 2010, Volume: 78, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2010
Use of propofol and emergence agitation in children: a literature review. AANA journal, 2010, Volume: 78, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2010
Use of propofol and emergence agitation in children: a literature review. AANA journal, 2010, Volume: 78, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2010
[Predisposing factors and prevention of emergence agitation]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 60, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Presc	2011
Sevoflurane and emergence behavioral changes in pediatrics. Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Delirium; Humans; Methyl Ethers; Perioperative Nursing; Postanesthes	2005
[Inhalation induction with sevoflurane in paediatrics: what is new?]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2006, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Drug Synergism;	2006
Excitation and delirium during sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. Minerva anestesiologica, 2002, Volume: 68, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Delirium; Epilep	2002

Article	Year
Clonidine for preventing emergence agitation in infants (PREVENT AGITATION II): Protocol and statistical analysis plan. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2023, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Clonidine; Double-B	2023
Effect of recorded maternal voice on emergence agitation in children undergoing bilateral ophthalmic surgery: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2020, Volume: 56, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; E	2020
Effect of preoperative visiting operation room on emergence agitation in preschool children under sevoflurane anesthesia. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2018, Volume: 104 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; E	2018
Intraoperative clonidine for prevention of postoperative agitation in children anaesthetised with sevoflurane (PREVENT AGITATION): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2018, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; D	2018
Intraoperative clonidine for prevention of postoperative agitation in children anaesthetised with sevoflurane (PREVENT AGITATION): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2018, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; D	2018
Intraoperative clonidine for prevention of postoperative agitation in children anaesthetised with sevoflurane (PREVENT AGITATION): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2018, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; D	2018
Intraoperative clonidine for prevention of postoperative agitation in children anaesthetised with sevoflurane (PREVENT AGITATION): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2018, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; D	2018
Effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative recovery profile of children undergoing surgery for spinal dysraphism. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2013, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2013
Effects of dexmedetomidine infusion on laryngeal mask airway removal and postoperative recovery in children anaesthetised with sevoflurane. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Management; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chil	2013
The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anticonv	2013
The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anticonv	2013
The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anticonv	2013
The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anticonv	2013
Effect of thermal welding tonsillectomy on emergence agitation. The Journal of craniofacial surgery, 2013, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Electrocoagulation; Female; Human	2013
A comparison between total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol plus remifentanil and volatile induction/ maintenance of anaesthesia using sevoflurane in children undergoing flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Biomarkers; Blood Glu	2013
Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and remiphentanyl on emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in adults undergoing septoplasty operation: a randomized double-blind trial. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2013, Volume: 17, Issue:22 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Me	2013
Effect of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane requirements and emergence agitation in children undergoing ambulatory surgery. Yonsei medical journal, 2014, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Child; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Hemodynamics; Hum	2014
Comparison the incidence of emergence agitation between sevoflurane and desflurane after pediatric ambulatory urologic surgery. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2013, Volume: 96, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Desflurane; Female; Hu	2013
Effect of ketamine versus alfentanil following midazolam in preventing emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane anaesthesia: a prospective randomized clinical trial. The Journal of international medical research, 2014, Volume: 42, Issue:6 Topics: Alfentanil; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Thera	2014
Emergence agitation after orthognathic surgery: a randomised controlled comparison between sevoflurane and desflurane. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2015, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Desflurane; Double-Blind Met	2015
Transition to propofol after sevoflurane anesthesia to prevent emergence agitation: a randomized controlled trial. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Causality; Child; Chi	2015
The effect of KETODEX on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane based-anesthesia. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2015, Volume: 79, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Airway Extubation; Anesthesia Recovery Period;	2015
The effect of KETODEX on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane based-anesthesia. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2015, Volume: 79, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Airway Extubation; Anesthesia Recovery Period;	2015
The effect of KETODEX on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane based-anesthesia. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2015, Volume: 79, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Airway Extubation; Anesthesia Recovery Period;	2015
The effect of KETODEX on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane based-anesthesia. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2015, Volume: 79, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Airway Extubation; Anesthesia Recovery Period;	2015
Appropriate dose of dexmedetomidine for the prevention of emergence agitation after desflurane anesthesia for tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy in children: up and down sequential allocation. BMC anesthesiology, 2015, May-27, Volume: 15 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Desflurane; Dexmedetomidine; Dose-R	2015
Appropriate dose of dexmedetomidine for the prevention of emergence agitation after desflurane anesthesia for tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy in children: up and down sequential allocation. BMC anesthesiology, 2015, May-27, Volume: 15 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Desflurane; Dexmedetomidine; Dose-R	2015
Appropriate dose of dexmedetomidine for the prevention of emergence agitation after desflurane anesthesia for tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy in children: up and down sequential allocation. BMC anesthesiology, 2015, May-27, Volume: 15 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Desflurane; Dexmedetomidine; Dose-R	2015
Appropriate dose of dexmedetomidine for the prevention of emergence agitation after desflurane anesthesia for tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy in children: up and down sequential allocation. BMC anesthesiology, 2015, May-27, Volume: 15 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Desflurane; Dexmedetomidine; Dose-R	2015
The effect of infraorbital nerve block on emergence agitation in children undergoing cleft lip surgery under general anesthesia with sevoflurane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Bupivac	2015
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Depth of Anesthesia on Emergence Agitation in Children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2016, Volume: 122, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Consciousness Monitors; Female; Humans; Male; Methy	2016
[Effects of intranasal midazolam premedication on inhaled induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane of pediatric patients]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2016, Jun-28, Volume: 96, Issue:24 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Child	2016
Efficacy of premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine on inhalational induction and postoperative emergence agitation in pediatric undergoing cataract surgery with sevoflurane. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 33 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalat	2016
The effect of remifentanil on the emergence characteristics of children undergoing FBO for bronchoalveolar lavage with sevoflurane anaesthesia. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2009, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Bro	2009
Post-induction alfentanil reduces sevoflurane-associated emergence agitation in children undergoing an adenotonsillectomy. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous	2009
A randomized trial comparing sevoflurane and propofol in children undergoing MRI scans. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:7 Topics: Algorithms; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhal	2009
Complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia in pediatric cleft lip and palate surgery: a randomized comparison study. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2010, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous	2010
Hypnotic depth and the incidence of emergence agitation and negative postoperative behavioral changes. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Inhalati	2010
Effects of clonidine on recovery after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing cataract surgery. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2010, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Cataract Extraction; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Fem	2010
Effect of single-dose dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation and recovery profiles after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric ambulatory surgery. Journal of anesthesia, 2010, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inh	2010
The effect of remifentanil on the incidence of agitation on emergence from sevoflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2010, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Adenoids; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intr	2010
Emergence agitation after cataract surgery in children: a comparison of midazolam, propofol and ketamine. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2010
Magnesium sulphate infusion is not effective on discomfort or emergence phenomenon in paediatric adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2010, Volume: 74, Issue:12 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Combined; A	2010
Two-agent analgesia versus acetaminophen in children having bilateral myringotomies and tubes surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Rectal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analges	2010
Efficacy of low-dose caudal clonidine in reduction of sevoflurane-induced agitation in children undergoing urogenital and lower limb surgery: a prospective randomised double-blind study. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhala	2011
The effect of sub-Tenon lidocaine injection on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia in paediatric strabismus surgery. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Ane	2011
Oral melatonin, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam for prevention of postoperative agitation in children. Journal of anesthesia, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Humans; Male; Melatonin; Met	2011
Ondansetron does not modify emergence agitation in children. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child; Child,	2011
Postoperative agitation in preschool children following emergence from sevoflurane or halothane anesthesia: a randomized study on the forestalling effect of midazolam premedication versus parental presence at induction of anesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Taiwanica : official journal of the Taiwan Society of Anesthesiologists, 2011, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Halothane; Humans; Inc	2011
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine;	2012
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine;	2012
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine;	2012
Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine;	2012
Use of laryngeal mask airway and its removal in a deeply anaesthetized state reduces emergence agitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children. The Journal of international medical research, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool	2011
Sufentanil reduces emergence agitation in children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy compared with fentanyl. Chinese medical journal, 2011, Volume: 124, Issue:22 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Methyl Ethers; P	2011
Dexmedetomidine reduces emergence agitation after tonsillectomy in children by sevoflurane anesthesia: a case-control study. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2012, Volume: 76, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexmedetomidine;	2012
Emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of sevoflurane vs. sevoflurane-remifentanil administration. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2013, Volume: 57, Issue:1 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child,	2013
The effect of small dose sufentanil on emergence agitation in preschool children following sevoflurane anesthesia for elective repair of unilateral inguinal hernia. Saudi medical journal, 2013, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship,	2013
Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and placebo on emergence agitation after strabismus surgery in children. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2013, Volume: 60, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Presch	2013
Rapid emergence does not explain agitation following sevoflurane anaesthesia in infants and children: a comparison with propofol. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2003, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2003
[The effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:12 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Combined; Child; Child, Preschool;	2002
[Effect of propofol on sevoflurane agitation in children]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:6 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; A	2003
The effect of small dose fentanyl on the emergence characteristics of pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 97, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenou	2003
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
Single-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure;	2004
The effect of caudal analgesia on emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane versus halothane anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Anxiety, Se	2004
The effect of caudal analgesia on emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane versus halothane anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Anxiety, Se	2004
The effect of caudal analgesia on emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane versus halothane anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Anxiety, Se	2004
The effect of caudal analgesia on emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane versus halothane anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Anxiety, Se	2004
Agitation and changes of Bispectral Index and electroencephalographic-derived variables during sevoflurane induction in children: clonidine premedication reduces agitation compared with midazolam. British journal of anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 92, Issue:4 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Central Nervous System; Child; Child, Pr	2004
Effects of fentanyl on the incidence of emergence agitation in children receiving desflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2004, Volume: 21, Issue:7 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2004
The effect of premedication with OTFC, with or without ondansetron, on postoperative agitation, and nausea and vomiting in pediatric ambulatory patients. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Inhalation; A	2004
Postoperative behavioral changes following anesthesia with sevoflurane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Delirium; Double-Blind M	2004
Delayed emergence process does not result in a lower incidence of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2005, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography	2005
Preoperative caudal block prevents emergence agitation in children following sevoflurane anesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2005, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthe	2005
Effect of flumazenil on recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in children premedicated with oral midazolam before undergoing herniorrhaphy with or without caudal analgesia. Journal of anesthesia, 2005, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi	2005
Clonidine treatment for agitation in children after sevoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2005, Volume: 101, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Humans; Infa	2005
Desflurane anesthesia after sevoflurane inhaled induction reduces severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing minor ear-nose-throat surgery compared with sevoflurane induction and maintenance. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2006, Volume: 102, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; D	2006
Prevention of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia for pediatric cerebral magnetic resonance imaging by small doses of ketamine or nalbuphine administered just before discontinuing anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2006, Volume: 102, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Brain; Chi-Square Distribution; Humans; Infant;	2006
The prevention of emergence agitation with tropisetron or clonidine after sevoflurane anesthesia in small children undergoing adenoidectomy. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2006, Volume: 102, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Chil	2006
Clonidine for the prevention of emergence agitation in young children: efficacy and recovery profile. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Cl	2006
[Propofol for paediatric patients in ear, nose and throat surgery. Practicability, quality and cost-effectiveness of different anaesthesia procedures for adenoidectomy in infants]. Der Anaesthesist, 2006, Volume: 55, Issue:8 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Emergence agitation in preschool children: double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool;	2006
Oral clonidine vs midazolam in the prevention of sevoflurane-induced agitation in children. a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. British journal of anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 98, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child,	2007
Ketamine is effective in decreasing the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing dental repair under sevoflurane general anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child;	2007
A single dose of propofol at the end of surgery for the prevention of emergence agitation in children undergoing strabismus surgery during sevoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 2007, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Child, Prescho	2007
Effect of propofol on emergence behavior in children after sevoflurane general anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2008
Sevoflurane for ENT-surgery in children. A comparison with halothane. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure	1995
Quality of recovery in children: sevoflurane versus propofol. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2000, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthetics; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Methyl Ethers; Propofol; Psychomotor Agi	2000
Emergence agitation in paediatric patients after sevoflurane anaesthesia and no surgery: a comparison with halothane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi-Square Distribution; Child	2000
Emergence agitation in paediatric patients after sevoflurane anaesthesia and no surgery: a comparison with halothane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi-Square Distribution; Child	2000
Emergence agitation in paediatric patients after sevoflurane anaesthesia and no surgery: a comparison with halothane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi-Square Distribution; Child	2000
Emergence agitation in paediatric patients after sevoflurane anaesthesia and no surgery: a comparison with halothane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi-Square Distribution; Child	2000
Emergence agitation after sevoflurane versus propofol in pediatric patients. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2000, Volume: 91, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child, Preschool; Cro	2000
Influences of tramadol on emergence characteristics from sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric ambulatory surgery. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 2000, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2000
Emergence characteristics of sevoflurane compared to halothane in pediatric patients undergoing bilateral pressure equalization tube insertion. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2000, Volume: 12, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Female; Halo	2000
The effect of intranasal fentanyl on the emergence characteristics after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing surgery for bilateral myringotomy tube placement. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intrav	2001
[Prevention of "post-sevoflurane delirium" with midazolam]. Der Anaesthesist, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium; Double-Blind Meth	2001
Clonidine prevents sevoflurane-induced agitation in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 93, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; He	2001
Clonidine prevents sevoflurane-induced agitation in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 93, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; He	2001
Clonidine prevents sevoflurane-induced agitation in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 93, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; He	2001
Clonidine prevents sevoflurane-induced agitation in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 93, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; He	2001
Premedication with low-dose oral midazolam reduces the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in pediatric patients following sevoflurane anesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Sinica, 2001, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Methyl Ethers;	2001
The effect of fentanyl on the emergence characteristics after desflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2002, Volume: 94, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Desflurane; Female; Fentanyl;	2002

Article	Year
Postoperative propofol bolus treatment did not affect recovery time in patients with emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery: Prospective nonrandomized case-control study. Medicine, 2022, Jul-15, Volume: 101, Issue:28 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Case-Control Studies; Child; Emerge	2022
Prevalence and risk factors of emergence agitation among pediatric patients undergo ophthalmic and ENT Surgery: a cross-sectional study. BMC pediatrics, 2023, Nov-24, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emergence Delirium; Female; Humans; Male; Methyl E	2023
Comment on: Does sugammadex decrease the severity of agitation and complications in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy? Saudi medical journal, 2019, Volume: 40, Issue:11 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Child; Humans; Psychomotor Agitation; Sevoflurane; Sugammadex; Tonsillectomy	2019
Sevoflurane induces neuronal activation and behavioral hyperactivity in young mice. Scientific reports, 2020, 07-08, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal;	2020
Topical sevoflurane for immediate and long-lasting relief of extremely severe postoperative agitation caused by urethral irritation. Actas urologicas espanolas, 2021, Volume: 45, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications; Psychomotor Agitation; Sev	2021
Effects of scalp nerve block on pain and emergence agitation after paediatric nevus surgery: a clinical trial. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2017, Volume: 61, Issue:8 Topics: Amides; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Child; Child Behavior	2017
Sevoflurane activates hippocampal CA3 kainate receptors (Gluk2) to induce hyperactivity during induction and recovery in a mouse model. British journal of anaesthesia, 2017, Nov-01, Volume: 119, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; GluK2 Kainate	2017
A single dose of dezocine suppresses emergence agitation in preschool children anesthetized with sevoflurane-remifentanil. BMC anesthesiology, 2017, Nov-22, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds,	2017
α-2-receptor agonist use in children: some answers, more questions. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2018, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Child; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; M	2018
Sevoflurane increases locomotion activity in mice. PloS one, 2019, Volume: 14, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Body Weight; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eating	2019
A laparoscopic gastrectomy approach decreases the incidence and severity of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia. Journal of anesthesia, 2015, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Female; Ga	2015
Incidence and risk factors of emergence agitation in pediatric patients after general anesthesia. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2008, Volume: 91, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Confidence Int	2008
Spontaneous hyperactivity in mutant mice lacking the NMDA receptor GluRepsilon1 subunit is aggravated during exposure to 0.1 MAC sevoflurane and is preserved after emergence from sevoflurane anaesthesia. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2008, Volume: 25, Issue:12 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2008
[Sedation with sevoflurane for magnetic resonance imaging in pediatrics: retrospective study of 5864 cases]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Deep Sedation; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant;	2009
Sevoflurane-emergence agitation: effect of supplementary low-dose oral ketamine premedication in preschool children undergoing dental surgery. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
Case scenario: severe emergence agitation after myringotomy in a 3-yr-old child. Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 117, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child, Preschool; Fol	2012
[Sedation with sevoflurane in a procedure outside the operating theatre using the AnaConDa® device]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2013, Volume: 60, Issue:2 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Angina Pectoris; Deep Sedation; Equipment Design; Filtration;	2013
[A prospective cohort study of the risk factors of emergence agitation in pediatric after general anesthesia]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2012, May-08, Volume: 92, Issue:17 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Ma	2012
Postanaesthetic excitation and agitation. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2003, Volume: 13, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Japan; Methyl Ethers; Postoper	2003
Postanaesthetic excitation and agitation. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2003, Volume: 13, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Japan; Methyl Ethers; Postoper	2003
Comment on Cohen et al. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2003, Volume: 13, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Child, Prescho	2003
Nitrous oxide administration during washout of sevoflurane improves postanesthetic agitation in children. Journal of anesthesia, 2005, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Methyl Ethers; Nitrous Oxide;	2005
Pain and emergence agitation in children. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2006, Volume: 50, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi	2006
[Emergence agitation in pediatric anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Child; Halothane; Humans; Methyl Ethers; Psychomoto	2007
Oral clonidine vs midazolam in the prevention of sevoflurane-induced agitation in children. British journal of anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 99, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Clonidine; Humans; Methyl Ethers; Postoperative Complications;	2007
Comparison of three techniques for induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 1999, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blinking; Blood Pressure; Chi	1999
Sevoflurane mask anesthesia for urgent tracheostomy in an uncooperative trauma patient with a difficult airway. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2000, Volume: 47, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cerebral Hemorrhage;	2000
[Excitation after sevoflurane: an problem in pediatric anesthesia? Comment on an article in Der Anaesthesist (1999) 48:917-918]. Der Anaesthesist, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:10 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Delirium; Electroencephalography; Humans; Methyl Ethers; Postoperati	2000
[Agitation on induction with sevoflurane in children. Some elements in the response to clinical questions about sevoflurane]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2001, Volume: 20, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Electroencephalography; Humans; Methyl Ether	2001
Postanaesthesia excitation. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Methyl Ethers; Pain, Postopera	2002
Sevoflurane versus halothane: effect of oxycodone premedication on emergence behaviour in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Halothane; Humans; Incidence; Methyl Ethers; Middl	2002
Prevention of sevoflurane-induced agitation with oral clonidine premedication. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2002, Volume: 94, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Humans; Meth	2002

sevoflurane and Psychomotor Agitation