sevoflurane and Delirium of Mixed Origin studies

Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.
sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The primary objective of this study is to compare the impact of propofol and sevoflurane on the incidence of postoperative delirium for elderly patients undergoing spine surgery."	9.51	Impact of propofol versus sevoflurane on the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after spine surgery: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. ( Chen, TT; Gao, Y; Lv, M; Wan, TT; Wang, JH; Wang, YL; Zhang, HX, 2022)
"We set up to determine the incidence and duration of postoperative delirium in older patients who had surgery under the intravenous anesthetic propofol or the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane."	9.34	The Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. ( Li, C; Ma, X; Marcantonio, E; Mei, X; Shen, Y; Xie, Z; Zheng, H; Zheng, HL, 2020)
"Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication produces a dose-dependent decrease in the minimum alveolar concentration for laryngeal mask airway insertion of sevoflurane and emergence delirium in the PACU."	9.20	Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication reduces minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion and emergence delirium in children: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Chen, Y; Lin, Y; Qian, B; Wu, W; Yao, Y; Ye, H, 2015)
"To investigate the effect of the intraoperative wake-up test on sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery."	9.17	Effect of the intraoperative wake-up test in sevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia during adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a randomized study. ( Dong, FT; Ma, WQ; Wang, HM; Wei, HM; Yang, YL; Zhang, CH, 2013)
"Desflurane and sevoflurane are associated with postoperative emergence delirium (ED) in children."	9.17	Postoperative emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery--a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. ( Ghai, B; Ram, J; Sethi, S; Wig, J, 2013)
"This randomized control trial was designed to evaluate the incidence of emergence delirium (ED) in preschool children receiving sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia combined with an effective caudal block."	9.17	Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. ( Benigni, A; Busi, I; Di Marco, S; Emre, S; Frawley, G; Ingelmo, PM; Locatelli, BG; Meroni, V; Minardi, C; Sonzogni, V; Spotti, A, 2013)
"Incidence of emergence delirium in sevoflurane group was 11."	9.16	Recovery profile and emergence delirium following sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in children posted for cleft lip surgery. ( Jindal, P; Khurana, G; Oberoi, D; Sharma, JP, 2012)
"Emergence delirium (ED) is a frequent postoperative complication in young children undergoing ENT procedures and it may be exacerbated by sevoflurane anesthesia whereas propofol maintenance has been suggested to decrease the incidence of ED."	9.14	Emergence delirium and postoperative pain in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Bruegger, D; Mehta, B; Nicklaus, P; Penn, E; Pieters, BJ; Weatherly, R, 2010)
" This, however, does not result in a reduced incidence of emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia."	9.12	Midazolam does not reduce emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. ( Breschan, C; Jost, R; Likar, R; Platzer, M; Stettner, H, 2007)
" This study was designed to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on recovery characteristics and the incidence of post-operative delirium (POD) in long-duration laparoscopic surgery for elderly patients."	9.11	Recovery characteristics and post-operative delirium after long-duration laparoscope-assisted surgery in elderly patients: propofol-based vs. sevoflurane-based anesthesia. ( Nakayama, M; Namiki, A; Nishikawa, K; Omote, K, 2004)
"In the authors' clinical experience, preschool children are more likely to show delirium after sevoflurane than are older children."	9.08	Greater incidence of delirium during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in preschool boys. ( Aono, J; Mamiya, K; Manabe, M; Takimoto, E; Ueda, W, 1997)
"Emergence delirium and agitation (EAD) associated with sevoflurane general anesthesia are very commonly observed in young children."	8.89	Prevention of sevoflurane delirium and agitation with propofol. ( Messieha, Z, 2013)
"A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that observed the effect of midazolam and clonidine on preventing EA in children after their emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia."	8.89	Prophylactic midazolam and clonidine for emergence from agitation in children after emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis. ( Li, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, C; Zhao, D, 2013)
"A multimodal sevoflurane-based sedation regimen together with targeted temperature management resulted in a lower incidence of delirium and a shorter duration for mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay than did the treatment with intravenous sedation combined with the classical cooling protocol."	8.02	A multimodal sevoflurane-based sedation regimen in combination with targeted temperature management in post-cardiac arrest patients reduces the incidence of delirium: An observational propensity score-matched study. ( Algargoush, A; Bos, AT; Foudraine, NA; van Osch, FH, 2021)
"Desflurane anesthesia is same as sevoflurane regarding perioperative delirium in elderly patients."	7.81	[Effects of Sevoflurane or Desflurane Anesthesia on Perioperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair of Hip Fracture]. ( Hiro, K; Kurata, M; Oi, Y; Okuda, M; Omoto, T; Sugiyama, T, 2015)
"Propofol has been shown to reduce ED, but these studies have been methodologically limited."	6.78	Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Ansermino, JM; Chandler, JR; Groberman, MK; Mehta, D; Montgomery, CJ; Myers, D; Whyte, E, 2013)
"When midazolam was administered for the treatment of severe agitation it reduced the severity but did not abolish agitation."	6.70	[Prevention of "post-sevoflurane delirium" with midazolam]. ( Bressem, M; Kulka, PJ; Tryba, M; Wiebalck, A, 2001)
"The primary objective of this study is to compare the impact of propofol and sevoflurane on the incidence of postoperative delirium for elderly patients undergoing spine surgery."	5.51	Impact of propofol versus sevoflurane on the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after spine surgery: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. ( Chen, TT; Gao, Y; Lv, M; Wan, TT; Wang, JH; Wang, YL; Zhang, HX, 2022)
"We set up to determine the incidence and duration of postoperative delirium in older patients who had surgery under the intravenous anesthetic propofol or the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane."	5.34	The Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. ( Li, C; Ma, X; Marcantonio, E; Mei, X; Shen, Y; Xie, Z; Zheng, H; Zheng, HL, 2020)
"To evaluate the effect of two anesthetic agents (sevoflurane or propofol) on postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)."	5.24	Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting According to the Anesthetic Agent: A Retrospective Study. ( Kang, WS; Kim, SH; Oh, CS; Park, S; Wan Hong, S; Yoon, TG, 2017)
"Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication produces a dose-dependent decrease in the minimum alveolar concentration for laryngeal mask airway insertion of sevoflurane and emergence delirium in the PACU."	5.20	Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication reduces minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion and emergence delirium in children: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Chen, Y; Lin, Y; Qian, B; Wu, W; Yao, Y; Ye, H, 2015)
"To investigate the effect of the intraoperative wake-up test on sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery."	5.17	Effect of the intraoperative wake-up test in sevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia during adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a randomized study. ( Dong, FT; Ma, WQ; Wang, HM; Wei, HM; Yang, YL; Zhang, CH, 2013)
"Desflurane and sevoflurane are associated with postoperative emergence delirium (ED) in children."	5.17	Postoperative emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery--a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. ( Ghai, B; Ram, J; Sethi, S; Wig, J, 2013)
" Sevoflurane was reliable during the MRI, but emergence delirium was a concern."	5.17	Propofol-remifentanil or sevoflurane for children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging? A randomised study. ( Jensen, AG; Kilmose, L; Olsen, KS; Pedersen, NA, 2013)
"This randomized control trial was designed to evaluate the incidence of emergence delirium (ED) in preschool children receiving sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia combined with an effective caudal block."	5.17	Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. ( Benigni, A; Busi, I; Di Marco, S; Emre, S; Frawley, G; Ingelmo, PM; Locatelli, BG; Meroni, V; Minardi, C; Sonzogni, V; Spotti, A, 2013)
"Incidence of emergence delirium in sevoflurane group was 11."	5.16	Recovery profile and emergence delirium following sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in children posted for cleft lip surgery. ( Jindal, P; Khurana, G; Oberoi, D; Sharma, JP, 2012)
"A propofol-based anesthetic technique did not lead to a lower incidence of emergence delirium after dental surgery in children but did result in significantly less PONV and fewer postoperative nursing interventions."	5.14	Quality of recovery from two types of general anesthesia for ambulatory dental surgery in children: a double-blind, randomized trial. ( Barclay, S; Brennen, KA; Ellis, J; Gorman, K; König, MW; Nick, TG; Samuels, PJ; Shackleford, TM; Varughese, AM; Wang, Y, 2009)
"Emergence delirium (ED) is a frequent postoperative complication in young children undergoing ENT procedures and it may be exacerbated by sevoflurane anesthesia whereas propofol maintenance has been suggested to decrease the incidence of ED."	5.14	Emergence delirium and postoperative pain in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Bruegger, D; Mehta, B; Nicklaus, P; Penn, E; Pieters, BJ; Weatherly, R, 2010)
" This, however, does not result in a reduced incidence of emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia."	5.12	Midazolam does not reduce emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. ( Breschan, C; Jost, R; Likar, R; Platzer, M; Stettner, H, 2007)
" This study was designed to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on recovery characteristics and the incidence of post-operative delirium (POD) in long-duration laparoscopic surgery for elderly patients."	5.11	Recovery characteristics and post-operative delirium after long-duration laparoscope-assisted surgery in elderly patients: propofol-based vs. sevoflurane-based anesthesia. ( Nakayama, M; Namiki, A; Nishikawa, K; Omote, K, 2004)
" Sevoflurane has a propensity to induce 'excitement' during induction of anaesthesia, and delirium in the immediate postoperative phase."	5.11	Postoperative behavioral changes following anesthesia with sevoflurane. ( Diviney, D; Harte, S; Keaney, A; Lyons, B, 2004)
"The authors found no increased incidence of emergence delirium, maladaptive postoperative behavior changes, or sleep disturbances in children undergoing anesthesia with sevoflurane as compared with halothane."	5.11	Sevoflurane versus halothane: postoperative maladaptive behavioral changes: a randomized, controlled trial. ( Caldwell-Andrews, AA; Gaal, D; Kain, ZN; Maranets, I; Mayes, LC; Saadat, H; Wang, SM; Weinberg, ME, 2005)
"In the authors' clinical experience, preschool children are more likely to show delirium after sevoflurane than are older children."	5.08	Greater incidence of delirium during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in preschool boys. ( Aono, J; Mamiya, K; Manabe, M; Takimoto, E; Ueda, W, 1997)
"We are uncertain whether maintenance with propofol-based TIVA or with inhalational agents affect incidences of postoperative delirium, mortality, or length of hospital stay because certainty of the evidence was very low."	4.98	Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery. ( Alderson, P; Lewis, SR; Miller, D; Pritchard, MW; Schofield-Robinson, OJ; Shelton, CL; Smith, AF, 2018)
"Emergence delirium and agitation (EAD) associated with sevoflurane general anesthesia are very commonly observed in young children."	4.89	Prevention of sevoflurane delirium and agitation with propofol. ( Messieha, Z, 2013)
"A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that observed the effect of midazolam and clonidine on preventing EA in children after their emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia."	4.89	Prophylactic midazolam and clonidine for emergence from agitation in children after emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis. ( Li, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, C; Zhao, D, 2013)
"A multimodal sevoflurane-based sedation regimen together with targeted temperature management resulted in a lower incidence of delirium and a shorter duration for mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay than did the treatment with intravenous sedation combined with the classical cooling protocol."	4.02	A multimodal sevoflurane-based sedation regimen in combination with targeted temperature management in post-cardiac arrest patients reduces the incidence of delirium: An observational propensity score-matched study. ( Algargoush, A; Bos, AT; Foudraine, NA; van Osch, FH, 2021)
"Desflurane anesthesia is same as sevoflurane regarding perioperative delirium in elderly patients."	3.81	[Effects of Sevoflurane or Desflurane Anesthesia on Perioperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair of Hip Fracture]. ( Hiro, K; Kurata, M; Oi, Y; Okuda, M; Omoto, T; Sugiyama, T, 2015)
"Propofol anesthesia decreases postoperative delirium in elderly patients compared with sevoflurane anesthesia."	3.77	[Influence of general anesthetics on the incidence of postoperative delirium in the elderly]. ( Akiyama, D; Hara, K; Ishii, K; Makita, T; Sumikawa, K, 2011)
"Emergence delirium (ED) is of increasing interest since the introduction of short-acting volatiles such as sevoflurane."	3.76	A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. ( Bajwa, SA; Costi, D; Cyna, AM, 2010)
"Elderly patients who have solid organ cancer often receive surgery."	2.84	Impact of inhalational versus intravenous anaesthesia on early delirium and long-term survival in elderly patients after cancer surgery: study protocol of a multicentre, open-label, and randomised controlled trial. ( Ai, YQ; Guo, YQ; Jia, HQ; Jia, Z; Li, HJ; Liu, ZH; Ma, D; Ouyang, W; Pan, LH; Sun, XD; Tan, HY; Wang, DX; Yang, XD; Ye, QS; Yin, N; Yu, JB; Zhang, FX; Zhang, QG; Zhang, Y; Zhao, BJ, 2017)
"Propofol has been shown to reduce ED, but these studies have been methodologically limited."	2.78	Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Ansermino, JM; Chandler, JR; Groberman, MK; Mehta, D; Montgomery, CJ; Myers, D; Whyte, E, 2013)
"The propofol group was administered propofol 4 mg/kg i."	2.73	Open-label, prospective, randomized comparison of propofol and sevoflurane for laryngeal mask anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients. ( Egilmez, H; Gursoy, S; Kaygusuz, K; Kol, IO; Mimaroglu, C, 2008)
"Delirium was defined as agitation score of > or =4 for > or =5 min."	2.72	Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. ( Arslan, M; Isik, B; Kurtipek, O; Tunga, AD, 2006)
"When midazolam was administered for the treatment of severe agitation it reduced the severity but did not abolish agitation."	2.70	[Prevention of "post-sevoflurane delirium" with midazolam]. ( Bressem, M; Kulka, PJ; Tryba, M; Wiebalck, A, 2001)
"Emergency delirium was common in both groups (32% overall: 40% for Group I, 25% for Group S)."	2.69	Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of isoflurane and sevoflurane. ( Bailey, AG; Calhoun, P; Freid, EB; Georges, LS; Kopp, VJ; Ramza, JT; Valley, RD, 1999)
"Sevoflurane has rapidly replaced halothane as the inhaled anesthetic agent of choice for the pediatric population."	2.43	Sevoflurane and emergence behavioral changes in pediatrics. ( Moos, DD, 2005)
"Delirium is the most common postoperative complication in older patients after prolonged anesthesia and surgery and is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and dementia."	1.72	Inhibition of unfolded protein response prevents post-anesthesia neuronal hyperactivity and synapse loss in aged mice. ( Chen, K; Gupta, R; Hu, Q; Stephens, J; Xie, Z; Yang, G, 2022)
" The objective of this trial was to elucidate whether haemodynamic or electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring parameters during general anaesthesia or sevoflurane dosage correlate with the incidence of PODE."	1.62	Intraoperative monitoring parameters and postoperative delirium: Results of a prospective cross-sectional trial. ( Diegmann, O; Fielbrand, R; Fischer-Kumbruch, M; Hinken, L; Jung, C; Krauß, T; Scheinichen, D; Schenk, I; Schultz, B; Trübenbach, D, 2021)
"Emergence delirium is defined by Sikich and Lerman (2004) as a disturbance in awareness of, and attention to, the environment with disorientation and perceptual alterations including hypersensitivity to stimuli and hyperactive motor behaviour in the immediate post-anaesthesia period."	1.37	Should sevoflurane be used for maintenance of anaesthesia in children? ( Duffen, A; Williams, A, 2011)

Research

Studies (64)

Authors

Clinical Trials (33)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Score

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	4 (6.25)	18.2507
2000's	19 (29.69)	29.6817
2010's	30 (46.88)	24.3611
2020's	11 (17.19)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Chen, K	1
Hu, Q	1
Gupta, R	1
Stephens, J	1
Xie, Z	2
Yang, G	1
Wang, JH	1
Lv, M	1
Zhang, HX	1
Gao, Y	1
Chen, TT	1
Wan, TT	1
Wang, YL	1
Duan, GY	1
Duan, ZX	1
Chen, H	1
Chen, F	2
Du, ZY	1
Chen, LY	1
Lu, KZ	1
Zuo, ZY	1
Li, H	1
Davidson, R	1
Palethorpe, MK	1
Coeckelenbergh, S	1
Soucy-Proulx, M	1
Radtke, FM	1
Dragovic, S	1
Schneider, G	1
García, PS	1
Hinzmann, D	1
Sleigh, J	1
Kratzer, S	1
Kreuzer, M	1
Sun, Z	2
Sui, J	1
Mei, X	1
Zheng, HL	1
Li, C	1
Ma, X	1
Zheng, H	1
Marcantonio, E	1
Shen, Y	1
Foudraine, NA	1
Algargoush, A	1
van Osch, FH	1
Bos, AT	1
Noordergraaf, GJ	1
Hendriksen, E	1
Jung, C	1
Hinken, L	1
Fischer-Kumbruch, M	1
Trübenbach, D	1
Fielbrand, R	1
Schenk, I	1
Diegmann, O	1
Krauß, T	1
Scheinichen, D	1
Schultz, B	1
Brioni, JD	1
Varughese, S	1
Ahmed, R	1
Bein, B	1
Oh, CS	1
Park, S	1
Wan Hong, S	1
Kang, WS	1
Yoon, TG	1
Kim, SH	1
Zhang, Y	1
Li, HJ	1
Wang, DX	1
Jia, HQ	1
Sun, XD	1
Pan, LH	1
Ye, QS	1
Ouyang, W	1
Jia, Z	1
Zhang, FX	1
Guo, YQ	1
Ai, YQ	1
Zhao, BJ	1
Yang, XD	1
Zhang, QG	1
Yin, N	1
Tan, HY	1
Liu, ZH	1
Yu, JB	1
Ma, D	1
Satomoto, M	1
Adachi, YU	1
Kinoshita, H	1
Makita, K	1
Miller, D	1
Lewis, SR	1
Pritchard, MW	1
Schofield-Robinson, OJ	1
Shelton, CL	1
Alderson, P	1
Smith, AF	1
Chandler, JR	1
Myers, D	1
Mehta, D	1
Whyte, E	1
Groberman, MK	1
Montgomery, CJ	1
Ansermino, JM	1
Zhang, CH	1
Ma, WQ	1
Yang, YL	1
Dong, FT	1
Wang, HM	1
Wei, HM	1
Messieha, Z	1
Pedersen, NA	1
Jensen, AG	1
Kilmose, L	1
Olsen, KS	1
Abdulatif, M	1
Ahmed, A	1
Mukhtar, A	1
Badawy, S	1
Zhang, C	1
Li, J	1
Zhao, D	1
Wang, Y	2
Sethi, S	1
Ghai, B	1
Ram, J	1
Wig, J	1
Salman, AE	1
Camkıran, A	1
Oğuz, S	1
Dönmez, A	1
Deiner, S	1
Lin, HM	1
Bodansky, D	1
Silverstein, J	1
Sano, M	1
Yao, Y	1
Qian, B	1
Lin, Y	1
Wu, W	1
Ye, H	1
Chen, Y	1
Costi, D	2
Ellwood, J	1
Wallace, A	1
Ahmed, S	1
Waring, L	1
Cyna, A	1
Acharya, NK	1
Goldwaser, EL	1
Forsberg, MM	1
Godsey, GA	1
Johnson, CA	1
Sarkar, A	1
DeMarshall, C	1
Kosciuk, MC	1
Dash, JM	1
Hale, CP	1
Leonard, DM	1
Appelt, DM	1
Nagele, RG	1
Oi, Y	1
Omoto, T	1
Hiro, K	1
Sugiyama, T	1
Kurata, M	1
Okuda, M	1
Ishii, K	2
Makita, T	2
Yamashita, H	1
Matsunaga, S	1
Akiyama, D	2
Toba, K	1
Hara, K	2
Sumikawa, K	2
Hara, T	1
Ahn, HJ	1
Kim, JA	1
Lee, JJ	1
Kim, HS	1
Shin, HJ	1
Chung, IS	1
Kim, JK	1
Gwak, MS	1
Choi, SJ	1
König, MW	1
Varughese, AM	1
Brennen, KA	1
Barclay, S	1
Shackleford, TM	1
Samuels, PJ	1
Gorman, K	1
Ellis, J	1
Nick, TG	1
Faulk, DJ	1
Twite, MD	1
Zuk, J	1
Pan, Z	1
Wallen, B	1
Friesen, RH	1
Bajwa, SA	1
Cyna, AM	1
Chen, J	1
Li, W	1
Hu, X	1
Wang, D	1
Pieters, BJ	1
Penn, E	1
Nicklaus, P	1
Bruegger, D	1
Mehta, B	1
Weatherly, R	1
Bilotta, F	1
Doronzio, A	1
Stazi, E	1
Titi, L	1
Zeppa, IO	1
Cianchi, A	1
Rosa, G	1
Paoloni, FP	1
Bergese, S	1
Asouhidou, I	1
Ioannou, P	1
Abramowicz, AE	1
Spinelli, A	1
Delphin, E	1
Ayrian, E	1
Zelman, V	1
Lumb, P	1
Duffen, A	1
Williams, A	1
Coburn, M	1
Sanders, RD	1
Maze, M	1
Rossaint, R	1
Locatelli, BG	1
Ingelmo, PM	1
Emre, S	1
Meroni, V	1
Minardi, C	1
Frawley, G	1
Benigni, A	1
Di Marco, S	1
Spotti, A	1
Busi, I	1
Sonzogni, V	1
Na, HS	1
Song, IA	1
Hwang, JW	1
Do, SH	1
Oh, AY	1
Jindal, P	1
Khurana, G	1
Oberoi, D	1
Sharma, JP	1
Nishikawa, K	1
Nakayama, M	1
Omote, K	1
Namiki, A	1
Keaney, A	1
Diviney, D	1
Harte, S	1
Lyons, B	1
Moos, DD	1
Kain, ZN	1
Caldwell-Andrews, AA	1
Weinberg, ME	1
Mayes, LC	1
Wang, SM	1
Gaal, D	1
Saadat, H	1
Maranets, I	1
Shukry, M	1
Clyde, MC	1
Kalarickal, PL	1
Ramadhyani, U	1
Isik, B	1
Arslan, M	1
Tunga, AD	1
Kurtipek, O	1
Meyer, RR	1
Münster, P	1
Werner, C	1
Brambrink, AM	1
Breschan, C	1
Platzer, M	1
Jost, R	1
Stettner, H	1
Likar, R	1
Abu-Shahwan, I	1
Marsh, DF	1
Flynn, F	1
Lane, M	1
Morgan, P	1
Kol, IO	1
Egilmez, H	1
Kaygusuz, K	1
Gursoy, S	1
Mimaroglu, C	1
Aono, J	1
Ueda, W	1
Mamiya, K	1
Takimoto, E	1
Manabe, M	1
Valley, RD	1
Ramza, JT	1
Calhoun, P	1
Freid, EB	1
Bailey, AG	1
Kopp, VJ	1
Georges, LS	1
Wells, LT	1
Rasch, DK	1
Holzki, J	1
Kretz, FJ	2
Cravero, J	1
Surgenor, S	1
Whalen, K	1
Sikich, N	1
Lerman, J	1
Kulka, PJ	1
Bressem, M	1
Wiebalck, A	1
Tryba, M	1
Veyckemans, F	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Impact of Propofol Versus Sevoflurane on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients After Spine Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05158998]	Phase 4	298 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-21	Recruiting
EEG to Monitor Propofol Anesthetic Depth in Infants and Toddlers[NCT05701748]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-03	Recruiting
Effect of Fresh Gas Flow on Emergence Time in the Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT05376631]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-05-20	Completed
Impact of Inhalational Versus Intravenous Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Long-term Survival in Elderly Patients After Cancer Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02660411]		1,228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-01	Completed
Impact of Inhalational Versus Intravenous Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients After Cancer Surgery: An Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02662257]		1,228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-01	Completed
Emergence Delirium and Recovery Time in Children: a Randomized Trial to Compare Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol to Inhalational Sevoflurane Anesthesia for Ambulatory Dental Surgery[NCT03330613]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-11-15	Recruiting
Investigation of the DNA Methylation Profile in Children Who Presented Emergence Delirium[NCT03787849]		175 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-24	Completed
Caudal Versus Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate In The Prevention OF Emergence Agitation After Sevoflurane Anesthesia For Lower Abdominal Surgeries In Children.[NCT03846284]		93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-08	Active, not recruiting
Comparing the Efficacy Between Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Miantainance of Spontaneous General Anaesthesia Using Ambu Aura Gain in Paediatrics Patients[NCT04771962]	Phase 1/Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
Effectivity of 0.5 mg/kg Propofol in the End of Anesthesia to Reduce the Incidence of Postanesthetic Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Patients Under General Inhalation Anesthesia[NCT03528954]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-31	Completed
Emergence Delirium in Children: a Randomized Clinical Trial of Different Doses of Sevoflurane During Induction of Anesthesia[NCT02707016]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Recruiting
Effect of Different Administrations of Propofol on Emergence Agitation in Preschool Children Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery[NCT05420402]		168 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-01	Active, not recruiting
Acupuncture for the Prevention of Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Myringotomy Tube Placement[NCT02383004]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Bispectral Index Monitoring In Pediatric Cataract Surgery: A Comparative Study Using Propofol- Midazolam Versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia[NCT05262205]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-15	Enrolling by invitation
[NCT01506622]		222 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
A Prospective, Double-blind, Randomized Study to Investigate the Effect of Sugammadex vs. Neostigmine/Glycopyrrolate on Emergence Delirium During Sevoflurane-rocuronium Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients[NCT03229486]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-01	Completed
Post Operative Cognitive Recovery and Neuropsychological Complications After General Anesthesia. A Comparison Between Different Techniques of Anesthesia: A Multi-Center Observational Study[NCT00507195]		1,200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2007-05-31	Recruiting
An International, Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled Trial Evaluating The Effect of Xenon on Post-operative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery[NCT01199276]	Phase 2	256 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
[NCT02909413]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Influence of Monitoring the Depth of General Anesthesia Upon the Incidence of PONV and Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Endoscopic Adenoidectomy in General Anesthesia[NCT04466579]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-01	Completed
Namenda as Prevention for Post-Operative Delirium[NCT00303433]	Phase 4	30 participants	Interventional	2006-03-31	Terminated
Utility of Oral Dexmedetomidine as the Sole Sedative Agent in Pediatric Population Undergoing MRI[NCT05619627]	Phase 1	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-01	Not yet recruiting
Dexmedetomidine Versus Magnesium Infusion in Reducing Agitations in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy[NCT05164627]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-08	Active, not recruiting
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Decreases Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Patients After Sevoflurane Based General Anesthesia[NCT00778063]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Terminated (stopped due to Difficulty enrolling patients)
Use of Dexmedetomidine for Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing General Anesthesia for Endovascular Interventional Neuroradiologic Procedures[NCT00857727]	Phase 3	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Evaluating Stress Response and Anxiety Score in Paediatric Patients Sedated With Intranasal Dexmedetomidine[NCT04526652]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-01	Completed
Use of Dexmedetomidine Infusion for Analgesia and Emergence Agitation for Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy and Adenotonsillectomy[NCT00468052]	Phase 3	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Effect of Dexmedetomidine of Gastrointestinal Motility[NCT04798482]	Phase 4	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-14	Completed
Effect of Intravenous Nalbuphine on Emergence Agitation in Children Undergoing Repair of Rupture Globe[NCT03470077]	Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-31	Completed
A Comparison of Postoperative Emergence Agitation by Sevoflurane for Intraoperative Sedation Associated With Caudal Block in Children: Randomised Comparison of Two Dose[NCT03134547]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-01	Completed
Effect of Single Dose of Tramadol on Extubation Response and Quality of Emergence(Cough and Nausea Vomiting) Following Supratentorial Intracranial Surgery[NCT02964416]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
Prospective Cohort Study Evaluating Incidence and Correlation Between Pain and Emergence Delirium After Adenotonsillectomy in Preschool Children[NCT01096797]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine or Sevoflurane Add to Dexmedetomidine-based Sedation for Ophthalmology Procedure in Children[NCT05321160]		116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-10	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Maximum Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score after arrival in the PACU.Higher values represent more emergence delirium (worse) PAED Score is represented with total PAED score summed up of subscales. The total score is reported and it ranges from 0 to 20. Higher score means worse state. (NCT03229486)
Timeframe: within 30 minutes after arrival at post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)

Time Recovery of TOF Ratio to 0.7

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Sugammadex	18
Neostigmine	18

Time from the start of administration of reversal agents to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.7 (NCT03229486)
Timeframe: Time from the start of administration of reversal agents to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.7, assessed up to 60 minutes

Time Recovery of TOF Ratio to 0.8

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Sugammadex	72.7
Neostigmine	167.4

Time from the start of administration of reversal agents to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.8 (NCT03229486)
Timeframe: Time from the start of administration of reversal agents to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.8, assessed up to 60 minutes

Time Recovery of TOF Ratio to 0.9

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Sugammadex	83.9
Neostigmine	213.6

Time from the start of administration of reversal agents to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.9 (NCT03229486)
Timeframe: Time from the start of administration of reversal agents to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.9, assessed up to 60 minutes

Time to Awakening

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Sugammadex	99.6
Neostigmine	253.1

time from administration of reversal agent to time of eye opening or child showing purposeful movement (NCT03229486)
Timeframe: time from administration of reversal agent to time of eye opening or child showing purposeful movements, assessed up to 60 minutes

Time to Extubation

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Sugammadex	275.8
Neostigmine	371.2

time from administration of reversal agent to time of tracheal extubation (NCT03229486)
Timeframe: time from administration of reversal agent to time of tracheal extubation, assessed up to 60 minutes

Time to Regular Breathing

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Sugammadex	312.1
Neostigmine	427.3

time from administration of reversal agent to time of deep, regular breathing (NCT03229486)
Timeframe: time from administration of reversal agent to time of deep, regular breathing, assessed up to 60 minutes

Length of Anesthesia

Length of Surgery

Total Fentanyl

Total Propofol

Total Sevoflurane

Total Study Drug

Weight

Number of Participants With Emergence Delirium

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Sugammadex	273.8
Neostigmine	345.1

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Drug	199
Control	215

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Drug	58
Control	86

Intervention	mcg/kg (Mean)
Drug	2.33
Control	2.36

Intervention	mg/kg (Mean)
Drug	2.11
Control	2.41

Intervention	ml/kg (Mean)
Drug	3.67
Control	6.80

Intervention	mcg/kg (Mean)
Drug	1.55
Control	1.43

Intervention	kg (Mean)
Drug	21.8
Control	18.5

Emergence Delirium (ED) during the 15-45min. post-op period as assessed by the Cole Score. (Cole Score 3-5 = ED). The Cole Scale is an ordinal ranking of ED (1=sleeping; 2=awake, calm; 3=irritable, crying; 4=inconsolable, crying; 5=severe restlessness, disorientation). (NCT00857727)
Timeframe: 15-45 minutes post-op

Duration of Agitation

Intervention	participants (Number)
	ED	No ED
Control	7	7
Drug	1	13

Cole EA scale 1=calm , 5=unconsolable (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: on arrival to PACU and for 2 hours postoperatively

Number of Participants With SpO2 < or Equal to 95%

Participants Requiring Morphine Rescue in PACU

Time to Awaken

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Fentanyl	11.85
Dexmedetomidine	6.59

Intervention	participants (Number)
Fentanyl	2
Dexmedetomidine	4

Intervention	participants (Number)
Fentanyl	25
Dexmedetomidine	11

defined as spontaneous eye opening or on command (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: at end of surgery

Time to Extubation

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Fentanyl (F) Group	8.75
Dexmedetomidine	7.18

defined as time from end of surgery to tracheal extubation (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: at end of surgical procedure

Emergence Agitation and Pain

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Fentanyl (F) Group	10.44
Dexmedetomidine	8.59

"emergence agitation and pain will be assessed. Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAED) range 0-20 a lower score indicates the child is calm and the higher score indicates severe agitation. Cole Agitation Scale was employed which is a 5 point Likert scale. Parameters ranging 1 to 5 1=child is calm and 5 =the child is severly agitated .~Objective Pain Score range is 0-10 (higher score the greater pain). 3 Parameters are captured systolic b/p,crying, movements, agitation , complaints of pain" (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: On arrival to PACU and 2 hours postoperatively

Hemodynamic Stability

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	PAED	Cole EA	OPS
Dexmedetomidine	10	3	3
Fentanyl (F) Group	14	4	5

Participants whose heart rate per minute was below 60 intraoperatively. Participants whose systolic blood pressure dremonstrated < 30% decrease from baseline and sustained for 5 minutes received rescue as defined by the protocol. (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: intraoperatively

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Laryngospasm and Bronchospasm.

Intervention	participants (Number)
	heart rate below 60 bpm	systolic blood pressure <30% below baseline
Dexmedetomidine	0	0
Fentanyl (F) Group	0	0

If there is any episode of bronchospasm or laryngospasm, it will be noted if it occured during emergence and for 6 hours post operatively. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at the time of extubation till 6 hours postoperatively

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Mointoring Requirement of Analgesia

Intervention	Number of Patients (Number)
Tramadol	0
Placebo	0

Requirement of analgesia will be recorded at recovery room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. If there is any need of analgesic, it will be noted and will be considered as one of the determinants of poor quality of emergence. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: At Recovery room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring Convulsions

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Recovery Room	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	3	23	4	7
Tramadol	5	15	3	6

Convulsions will be recorded at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively.If there is any episode of convulsion, it will be noted. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring GCS

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Recovery Room	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	0	0	0	0
Tramadol	0	0	1	0

"Post operative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) will be recorded at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. If there is any deterioration in GCS less than 8/15, Patients will be intubated.~GCS categories <8 Low GCS 9-12 Intermediate GCS 13-15 Full GCS" (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring PONV

Intervention	Number of Patients (Number)
	Recovery Room : <8	Recovery Room : 9-12	Recovery Room : 13-15	2h : <8	2h : 9-12	2h : 13-15	4h : <8	4h : 9-12	4h : 13-15	6h : <8	6h : 9-12	6h : 13-15
Placebo	0	0	41	0	1	40	1	0	40	1	0	40
Tramadol	0	1	38	0	1	38	0	0	39	0	0	39

Post operative nausea vomiting will be recorded at RR, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. If there is any episode of PONV it will be noted. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at Recovery Room , 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Recovery Room	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	0	3	1	1
Tramadol	0	3	0	0

Diastolic blood pressure will be recorded at 1 minute before giving the reversal (glycopyrolate and neostigmine) and then 1,2,5,10,20,30 minutes ,1,2,4 and 6 hours after extubation. If values of blood pressure rise more than 20% from baseline values injection Metoprolol 1mg (beta blocker) bolus will be used and titrated according to response. The study will end at 6 hours post extubation. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: Diastolic BP from the time of extubation till 6 hours post operatively

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
	Base line	1min Before Extubation	1min After Extubation	2 min	5min	10min	20min	30min	1h	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	77.83	78.65	85.78	82.41	78.59	78.32	76.73	76.93	75.33	75.89	78.00	74.89
Tramadol	75.92	77.30	83.97	79.19	78.68	77.37	78.19	77.14	76.39	75.71	74.85	75.26

Heart rate will be recorded at 1 minute before giving the reversal (glycopyrolate and neostigmine) and then 1,2,5,10,20,30 minutes ,1,2,4 and 6 hours after extubation. If haemodynamic values of heart rate rise more than 20% from baseline values injection Metoprolol 1mg (beta blocker) bolus will be used and titrated according to response. The study will end at 6 hours post extubation. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: HR from the time of extubation till 6 hours post operatively

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Intervention	bpm (Mean)
	Baseline	1min Before Extubation	1min After Extubation	2 min	5min	10min	20min	30min	1h	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	79.37	91.41	98.54	93.50	90.00	86.70	83.38	84.10	82.46	81.97	81.23	78.20
Tramadol	82.26	89.30	93.61	89.61	86.27	86.26	82.44	81.92	79.53	80.03	78.94	79.65

Systolic blood pressure will be recorded at 1 minute before giving the reversal (glycopyrolate and neostigmine) and then 1,2,5,10,20,30 minutes ,1,2,4 and 6 hours after extubation. If values of blood pressure rise more than 20% from baseline values injection Metoprolol 1mg (beta blocker) bolus will be used and titrated according to response. The study will end at 6 hours post extubation. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: Systolic BP from the time of extubation till 6 hours post operatively

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Episodes of Denaturation

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
	Baseline	1min Before Extubation	1min After Extubation	2 min	5min	10min	20min	30min	1h	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	132.34	134.29	143.70	139.77	133.37	131.59	133.15	132.10	129.80	125.74	125.81	122.61
Tramadol	128.55	132.63	141.81	134.89	130.05	126.95	127.86	127.19	128.11	127.76	127.35	122.97

"If there is any episodes of denaturation (Oxygen saturation <92%), it will be noted it it is occurring during emergence.~Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence" (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at the time of extubation

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Cough on Cough Scale.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	at resumption of spontaneous breathing	at the time of obeying of verbal commands	at the time of cuff deflation	at the time of extubation	2 min after extubation
Placebo	0	0	0	0	0
Tramadol	0	0	0	0	0

"Cough will be described on following scale 5 = No coughing or straining, 4 = Very smooth minimal coughing, 3 = Moderate coughing, 2 = Marked coughing or straining,~1 = Poor extubation~Cough will be recorded on the above mentioned scale by resident/consultant at following time intervals of emergence~At resumption of spontaneous breathing,~Ability to respond to verbal commands~At cuff deflation~At extubation~2 minutes after extubation. It will be noted if it occurs during emergence at the above mentioned time intervals. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence." (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: Cough at the time of emergence

Article	Year
A clinical review of inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane: from early research to emerging topics. Journal of anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Delirium; Hemodynamics;	2017
A clinical review of inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane: from early research to emerging topics. Journal of anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Delirium; Hemodynamics;	2017
A clinical review of inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane: from early research to emerging topics. Journal of anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Delirium; Hemodynamics;	2017
A clinical review of inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane: from early research to emerging topics. Journal of anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Delirium; Hemodynamics;	2017
Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 08-21, Volume: 8 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intrave	2018
Prevention of sevoflurane delirium and agitation with propofol. Anesthesia progress, 2013,Summer, Volume: 60, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Consciousness Monitors; Delirium; Humans; Methyl	2013
Prophylactic midazolam and clonidine for emergence from agitation in children after emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis. Clinical therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 35, Issue:10 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2013
Sevoflurane and emergence behavioral changes in pediatrics. Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Delirium; Humans; Methyl Ethers; Perioperative Nursing; Postanesthes	2005
Excitation and delirium during sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. Minerva anestesiologica, 2002, Volume: 68, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Delirium; Epilep	2002

Article	Year
Impact of propofol versus sevoflurane on the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after spine surgery: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2022, Aug-30, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Delirium; Humans; Incidence; Propofol; Randomized Controlled Trials a	2022
Cognitive function and delirium following sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia for valve replacement surgery: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 2023, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cognition; Delirium; Humans;	2023
Delirium in older patients given propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia for major cancer surgery: a multicentre randomised trial. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2023; 131: 253-65. British journal of anaesthesia, 2023, Volume: 131, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Delirium; Humans; Methyl Ethers	2023
Delirium in older patients given propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia for major cancer surgery: a multicentre randomised trial. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2023; 131: 253-65. British journal of anaesthesia, 2023, Volume: 131, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Delirium; Humans; Methyl Ethers	2023
The Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2020, Volume: 76, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intra	2020
Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting According to the Anesthetic Agent: A Retrospective Study. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthetics; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; Delirium; Female; Humans; Ma	2017
Impact of inhalational versus intravenous anaesthesia on early delirium and long-term survival in elderly patients after cancer surgery: study protocol of a multicentre, open-label, and randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 2017, Nov-28, Volume: 7, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Chi	2017
Impact of inhalational versus intravenous anaesthesia on early delirium and long-term survival in elderly patients after cancer surgery: study protocol of a multicentre, open-label, and randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 2017, Nov-28, Volume: 7, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Chi	2017
Impact of inhalational versus intravenous anaesthesia on early delirium and long-term survival in elderly patients after cancer surgery: study protocol of a multicentre, open-label, and randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 2017, Nov-28, Volume: 7, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Chi	2017
Impact of inhalational versus intravenous anaesthesia on early delirium and long-term survival in elderly patients after cancer surgery: study protocol of a multicentre, open-label, and randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 2017, Nov-28, Volume: 7, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Chi	2017
Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation	2013
Effect of the intraoperative wake-up test in sevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia during adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a randomized study. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2013, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Airway Extubation; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Int	2013
Propofol-remifentanil or sevoflurane for children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging? A randomised study. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2013, Volume: 57, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium; Double-Blind	2013
The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anticonv	2013
The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anticonv	2013
The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anticonv	2013
The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anticonv	2013
Postoperative emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery--a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:12 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cataract Extraction; Ch	2013
Gabapentin premedication for postoperative analgesia and emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology, 2013, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Amines; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Child; Child, Preschool;	2013
Do stress markers and anesthetic technique predict delirium in the elderly? Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 2014, Volume: 38, Issue:5-6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Biomarkers; Delirium; Fem	2014
Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication reduces minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion and emergence delirium in children: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Presc	2015
Transition to propofol after sevoflurane anesthesia to prevent emergence agitation: a randomized controlled trial. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Causality; Child; Chi	2015
Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is associated with a lower rate of postoperative delirium in comparison with sevoflurane anesthesia in elderly patients. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 33 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalatio	2016
Effect of preoperative skull block on pediatric moyamoya disease. Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Bupivacaine; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Child	2008
Quality of recovery from two types of general anesthesia for ambulatory dental surgery in children: a double-blind, randomized trial. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:8 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Inhalati	2009
Hypnotic depth and the incidence of emergence agitation and negative postoperative behavioral changes. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Inhalati	2010
Emergence agitation after cataract surgery in children: a comparison of midazolam, propofol and ketamine. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2010
Emergence delirium and postoperative pain in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthet	2010
Emergence delirium and postoperative pain in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthet	2010
Emergence delirium and postoperative pain in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthet	2010
Emergence delirium and postoperative pain in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthet	2010
Early postoperative cognitive dysfunction and postoperative delirium after anaesthesia with various hypnotics: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial--the PINOCCHIO trial. Trials, 2011, Jul-06, Volume: 12 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cognition; Cognition Disorde	2011
The Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly Patients (HIPELD) study: protocol for a randomized, multicenter controlled trial evaluating the effect of xenon on postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Trials, 2012, Sep-27, Volume: 13 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Delirium; Drug Costs; Europe; Fra	2012
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence delirium in children: a comparison of sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Chil	2013
Emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a comparison of sevoflurane vs. sevoflurane-remifentanil administration. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2013, Volume: 57, Issue:1 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child,	2013
Recovery profile and emergence delirium following sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in children posted for cleft lip surgery. Middle East journal of anaesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child, Preschool; Cleft Lip; Delirium; Double-B	2012
Recovery characteristics and post-operative delirium after long-duration laparoscope-assisted surgery in elderly patients: propofol-based vs. sevoflurane-based anesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2004, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Cognition Disorders; Delirium; Female; Humans; Incidence; Laparoscopy; Ma	2004
Recovery characteristics and post-operative delirium after long-duration laparoscope-assisted surgery in elderly patients: propofol-based vs. sevoflurane-based anesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2004, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Cognition Disorders; Delirium; Female; Humans; Incidence; Laparoscopy; Ma	2004
Recovery characteristics and post-operative delirium after long-duration laparoscope-assisted surgery in elderly patients: propofol-based vs. sevoflurane-based anesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2004, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Cognition Disorders; Delirium; Female; Humans; Incidence; Laparoscopy; Ma	2004
Recovery characteristics and post-operative delirium after long-duration laparoscope-assisted surgery in elderly patients: propofol-based vs. sevoflurane-based anesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2004, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Cognition Disorders; Delirium; Female; Humans; Incidence; Laparoscopy; Ma	2004
Postoperative behavioral changes following anesthesia with sevoflurane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Delirium; Double-Blind M	2004
Sevoflurane versus halothane: postoperative maladaptive behavioral changes: a randomized, controlled trial. Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 102, Issue:4 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anxiety; Child;	2005
Does dexmedetomidine prevent emergence delirium in children after sevoflurane-based general anesthesia? Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2005
Does dexmedetomidine prevent emergence delirium in children after sevoflurane-based general anesthesia? Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2005
Does dexmedetomidine prevent emergence delirium in children after sevoflurane-based general anesthesia? Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2005
Does dexmedetomidine prevent emergence delirium in children after sevoflurane-based general anesthesia? Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2005
Does dexmedetomidine prevent emergence delirium in children after sevoflurane-based general anesthesia? Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2005
Does dexmedetomidine prevent emergence delirium in children after sevoflurane-based general anesthesia? Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2005
Does dexmedetomidine prevent emergence delirium in children after sevoflurane-based general anesthesia? Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2005
Does dexmedetomidine prevent emergence delirium in children after sevoflurane-based general anesthesia? Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2005
Does dexmedetomidine prevent emergence delirium in children after sevoflurane-based general anesthesia? Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2005
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium;	2006
Isoflurane is associated with a similar incidence of emergence agitation/delirium as sevoflurane in young children--a randomized controlled study. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthesia, General; Anesth	2007
Midazolam does not reduce emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Rectal; Age Factors; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inha	2007
Effect of propofol on emergence behavior in children after sevoflurane general anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2008
Open-label, prospective, randomized comparison of propofol and sevoflurane for laryngeal mask anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients. Clinical therapeutics, 2008, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium; Female; Humans;	2008
Greater incidence of delirium during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in preschool boys. Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 87, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Chi	1997
Greater incidence of delirium during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in preschool boys. Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 87, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Chi	1997
Greater incidence of delirium during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in preschool boys. Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 87, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Chi	1997
Greater incidence of delirium during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in preschool boys. Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 87, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Chi	1997
Tracheal extubation of deeply anesthetized pediatric patients: a comparison of isoflurane and sevoflurane. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1999, Volume: 88, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arousal; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium; Humans; Infant; Int	1999
Emergence agitation in paediatric patients after sevoflurane anaesthesia and no surgery: a comparison with halothane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi-Square Distribution; Child	2000
Emergence agitation in paediatric patients after sevoflurane anaesthesia and no surgery: a comparison with halothane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi-Square Distribution; Child	2000
Emergence agitation in paediatric patients after sevoflurane anaesthesia and no surgery: a comparison with halothane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi-Square Distribution; Child	2000
Emergence agitation in paediatric patients after sevoflurane anaesthesia and no surgery: a comparison with halothane. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Chi-Square Distribution; Child	2000
[Prevention of "post-sevoflurane delirium" with midazolam]. Der Anaesthesist, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium; Double-Blind Meth	2001

Article	Year
Inhibition of unfolded protein response prevents post-anesthesia neuronal hyperactivity and synapse loss in aged mice. Aging cell, 2022, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia; Animals; Delirium; eIF-2 Kinase; Humans; Mice; Sevoflurane; Synapses; Unfolded Pro	2022
Sevoflurane dose and postoperative delirium. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2023; 130: e289-97. British journal of anaesthesia, 2023, Volume: 130, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Delirium; Emergence Delirium; Humans; Sevoflurane	2023
Predictors of Low Risk for Delirium during Anesthesia Emergence. Anesthesiology, 2023, 12-01, Volume: 139, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Delirium; Electroencephalography; Humans; Middle Ag	2023
A multimodal sevoflurane-based sedation regimen in combination with targeted temperature management in post-cardiac arrest patients reduces the incidence of delirium: An observational propensity score-matched study. Resuscitation, 2021, Volume: 159 Topics: Delirium; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypothermia, Induced; Incidence; Intensive	2021
Not a whiff: Sevoflurane for post-ROSC sedation on the ICU. Try it, you might like it. Resuscitation, 2021, Volume: 159 Topics: Delirium; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Incidence; Intensive Care Units; Methyl Ethers	2021
Intraoperative monitoring parameters and postoperative delirium: Results of a prospective cross-sectional trial. Medicine, 2021, Jan-08, Volume: 100, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Delirium; Female;	2021
Sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Experimental animals, 2018, May-10, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cognitive Dysfunction; Delirium; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammatio	2018
Sevoflurane and Isoflurane induce structural changes in brain vascular endothelial cells and increase blood-brain barrier permeability: Possible link to postoperative delirium and cognitive decline. Brain research, 2015, Sep-16, Volume: 1620 Topics: Aging; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Capillary Permeability; Cognition Diso	2015
[Effects of Sevoflurane or Desflurane Anesthesia on Perioperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair of Hip Fracture]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2015, Volume: 64, Issue:9 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Delirium; Desflurane; Female	2015
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Behavior; Chil	2010
[Influence of general anesthetics on the incidence of postoperative delirium in the elderly]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 60, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, General; Delirium; Female; Humans; Incide	2011
Should sevoflurane be used for maintenance of anaesthesia in children? British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005), 2011, Volume: 72, Issue:10 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Delirium; Humans; Methyl Ethers; Sevoflu	2011
Isoflurane vs sevoflurane in emergence delirium: a misleading conclusion. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Data Interpretation, St	2008
Regarding sevoflurane and emergence agitation...again! Paediatric anaesthesia, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Data Interpretation, St	2008
Emergence "delirium" after sevoflurane anesthesia: a paranoid delusion? Anesthesia and analgesia, 1999, Volume: 88, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Delirium; Delusions; F	1999
Changing aspects of sevoflurane in paediatric anaesthesia: 1975-99. Paediatric anaesthesia, 1999, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chil	1999
[Excitation after sevoflurane: an problem in pediatric anesthesia? Comment on an article in Der Anaesthesist (1999) 48:917-918]. Der Anaesthesist, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:10 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Delirium; Electroencephalography; Humans; Methyl Ethers; Postoperati	2000
Emergence delirium: statistically significant or not? Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2001, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Delirium; Humans; Methyl Ethe	2001

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	At resumption of spontaneous breathing72201515					At resumption of spontaneous breathing72201516	Ability to respond to verbal commands72201516	Ability to respond to verbal commands72201515	At cuff deflation72201516	At cuff deflation72201515	At extubation72201516	At extubation72201515	2 minutes after extubation72201515	2 minutes after extubation72201516
	Poor extubation	Marked coughing or straining	Moderate coughing	Very smooth minimal coughing	No coughing or straining
Tramadol	33
Placebo	36
Placebo	0
Tramadol	1
Placebo	1
Tramadol	3
Placebo	2
Tramadol	34
Placebo	37
Placebo	3
Placebo	4
Placebo	33
Tramadol	4
Placebo	6
Tramadol	32
Placebo	32
Tramadol	2
Tramadol	0
Tramadol	36

sevoflurane and Delirium of Mixed Origin

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (64)

Authors

Clinical Trials (33)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Score

Time Recovery of TOF Ratio to 0.7

Time Recovery of TOF Ratio to 0.8

Time Recovery of TOF Ratio to 0.9

Time to Awakening

Time to Extubation

Time to Regular Breathing

Length of Anesthesia

Length of Surgery

Total Fentanyl

Total Propofol

Total Sevoflurane

Total Study Drug

Weight

Number of Participants With Emergence Delirium

Duration of Agitation

Number of Participants With SpO2 < or Equal to 95%

Participants Requiring Morphine Rescue in PACU

Time to Awaken

Time to Extubation

Emergence Agitation and Pain

Hemodynamic Stability

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Laryngospasm and Bronchospasm.

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Mointoring Requirement of Analgesia

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring Convulsions

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring GCS

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring PONV

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Episodes of Denaturation

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Cough on Cough Scale.

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies