sevoflurane and Complication, Postoperative studies

Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.
sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"We set up to determine the incidence and duration of postoperative delirium in older patients who had surgery under the intravenous anesthetic propofol or the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane."	9.34	The Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. ( Li, C; Ma, X; Marcantonio, E; Mei, X; Shen, Y; Xie, Z; Zheng, H; Zheng, HL, 2020)
"Sevoflurane attenuated cough reflex under propofol-based TIVA and did not increase the incidence of PONV and extubation time in nonintubated VATS."	9.27	Sevoflurane is an effective adjuvant to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia for attenuating cough reflex in nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. ( Chang, H; Huang, TW; Lai, HC; Lin, WL; Tseng, WC; Wu, ZF, 2018)
"Elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to receive propofol, sevoflurane, or isoflurane anesthesia."	9.24	Effect of propofol, sevoflurane, and isoflurane on postoperative cognitive dysfunction following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial. ( Geng, YJ; Wu, QH; Zhang, RQ, 2017)
"With the widespread use of one-lung ventilation (OLV) in thoracic surgery, it is unclear whether maintenance anesthetics such as propofol and inhaled anesthetics are associated with postoperative complications."	9.22	Effects of propofol and inhaled anesthetics on postoperative complications for the patients undergoing one lung ventilation: A meta-analysis. ( Cao, R; Cui, Y; Huang, Q; Yang, J, 2022)
"There was significantly less postreperfusion syndrome in the sevoflurane group compared to the desflurane group (38."	9.22	Sevoflurane Versus Desflurane on the Incidence of Postreperfusion Syndrome During Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Lee, J; Lee, JM; Park, YJ; Ryu, HG; Yoo, YJ, 2016)
"The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of remifentanil for preventing coughing in the groups were estimated using isotonic regression and compared among the groups."	9.19	Does the type of anesthetic agent affect remifentanil effect-site concentration for preventing endotracheal tube-induced cough during anesthetic emergence? Comparison of propofol, sevoflurane, and desflurane. ( Choi, SH; Choi, YS; Lee, B; Lee, JH; Lee, JR; Yang, SJ, 2014)
"To investigate the effect of the intraoperative wake-up test on sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery."	9.17	Effect of the intraoperative wake-up test in sevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia during adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a randomized study. ( Dong, FT; Ma, WQ; Wang, HM; Wei, HM; Yang, YL; Zhang, CH, 2013)
"Desflurane and sevoflurane are associated with postoperative emergence delirium (ED) in children."	9.17	Postoperative emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery--a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. ( Ghai, B; Ram, J; Sethi, S; Wig, J, 2013)
"Although fentanyl suppresses tracheal tube-induced cough during anesthetic recovery, it has not been proven if its antitussive effect is dose dependent and complication free."	9.15	Dose-dependent attenuation by fentanyl on cough during emergence from general anesthesia. ( Choi, EM; Jeong, JJ; Lee, JR; Moon, BE; Na, S; Yoo, YC, 2011)
" Although the overall incidence of coughing during the perioperative period was higher in the desflurane group (60% versus 32% in the sevoflurane group, P < 0."	9.14	Desflurane versus sevoflurane for maintenance of outpatient anesthesia: the effect on early versus late recovery and perioperative coughing. ( Kariger, R; Mandel, S; Naruse, R; Norel, E; Sloninsky, A; Stokes, OJ; Tang, J; Webb, T; Wender, RH; White, PF; Yumul, R; Zaentz, A, 2009)
"This randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial was designed to identify the optimal dose of remifentanil for cough suppression without adverse effects during emergence from sevoflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia for thyroidectomy."	9.14	Optimal effect-site concentration of remifentanil for preventing cough during emergence from sevoflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia. ( Jun, NH; Koh, JC; Lee, JW; Park, WS; Shim, YH; Song, JW, 2010)
"The incidence of coughing after cervical spine surgery when tracheal extubation is performed according to clinical criteria is lower after propofol anaesthesia compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia."	9.13	Effect of propofol and sevoflurane on coughing in smokers and non-smokers awakening from general anaesthesia at the end of a cervical spine surgery. ( Bonhomme, V; Hans, P; Marechal, H, 2008)
"We examined the efficacy of intraoperative propofol administration to prevent pruritus induced by epidural morphine."	9.12	The impact of intraoperative propofol administration in the prevention of postoperative pruritus induced by epidural morphine. ( Christodoulaki, K; Crepi, E; Grigoropoulou, I; Kitsou, M; Kontogiannopoulou, S; Kostopanagiotou, G; Matiatou, S; Matsota, P; Niokou, D; Pandazi, A, 2006)
"Sixty-one adult female patients (ASA PS I-II; age, 32-77 years) without an apparent history of sleep apnea and respiratory disease undergoing major breast cancer surgery on an outpatient basis and with planned overnight admission were randomized to one of two anesthesia maintenance groups: sevoflurane anesthesia (SEV, n = 31) or intravenous propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium anesthesia (TIVA, n = 30)."	9.12	Nocturnal episodic hypoxemia after ambulatory breast cancer surgery: comparison of sevoflurane and propofol-fentanyl anesthesia. ( Fukuda, K; Shirakami, G; Teratani, Y, 2006)
" This, however, does not result in a reduced incidence of emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia."	9.12	Midazolam does not reduce emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. ( Breschan, C; Jost, R; Likar, R; Platzer, M; Stettner, H, 2007)
" This study was designed to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on recovery characteristics and the incidence of post-operative delirium (POD) in long-duration laparoscopic surgery for elderly patients."	9.11	Recovery characteristics and post-operative delirium after long-duration laparoscope-assisted surgery in elderly patients: propofol-based vs. sevoflurane-based anesthesia. ( Nakayama, M; Namiki, A; Nishikawa, K; Omote, K, 2004)
"We investigated the effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery."	9.10	[The effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery]. ( Fukumitsu, K; Hirao, O; Kawaraguchi, Y; Kinouchi, K; Kitamura, S; Miyamoto, Y; Taniguchi, A, 2002)
" In groups I and II, propofol 2 mg/kg was administered for induction followed by propofol 75-150 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (group I) or sevoflurane 1-2% (group II) with N2O 67% in oxygen for maintenance of anesthesia In group m, anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in combination with N2O 67% in oxygen."	9.09	Recovery profile, costs, and patient satisfaction with propofol and sevoflurane for fast-track office-based anesthesia. ( Chen, L; Kariger, R; Naruse, R; Sloninsky, A; Tang, J; Watcha, MF; Wender, RH; White, PF, 1999)
"Sevoflurane is associated with less tachycardia and coronary vasodilation than isoflurane and thus might be associated with less myocardial ischemia."	9.08	Myocardial ischemia and adverse cardiac outcomes in cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with sevoflurane and isoflurane. Sevoflurane Ischemia Study Group. ( Ebert, TJ; Kharasch, ED; Muzi, M; Rooke, GA; Shroff, A, 1997)
" We analysed these studies in more detail by examining the effects of induction agent, choice of inhalation agent, presence/absence of nitrous oxide, age of patient or use of opiate on the incidence of emesis."	8.80	A meta-analysis of nausea and vomiting following maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol or inhalational agents. ( Bilski, AJ; Byrom, WD; Carr, A; Sneyd, JR, 1998)
"To study the dynamics of markers of brain damage, determine their role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic correction of POCD in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane."	8.12	[Correction of cognitive dysfunction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane]. ( Nazarchuk, EA; Neimark, MI; Rakhmonov, AA; Shmelev, VV, 2022)
"Adult C57BL/6 mice received a laparotomy under sevoflurane anesthesia and HNK or SIRT3 inhibitor (3-TYP) treatment."	7.91	SIRT3 activator honokiol ameliorates surgery/anesthesia-induced cognitive decline in mice through anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory in hippocampus. ( Chen, L; Lei, SQ; Lu, YY; Peng, M; Xia, ZY; Ye, JS, 2019)
"Sevoflurane anesthesia impaired cognitive functions, as well as metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression, through elevated surface expression of small conductance calcium-activated potassium type 2 channels."	7.91	Sevoflurane anesthesia impairs metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression and cognitive functions in senile mice. ( Shi, J; Yu, X; Zhang, F, 2019)
"Propofol may help to protect against ischaemic acute kidney injury (AKI); however, research on this topic is sparse."	7.91	Effect of sevoflurane-based or propofol-based anaesthesia on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury: A retrospective propensity score-matched analysis. ( Han, S; Jheon, S; Ji, E; Kim, J; Kim, K; Oh, TK, 2019)
"Sevoflurane anesthesia is a high-risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients."	7.88	Role of dexmedetomidine in reducing the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction caused by sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma. ( Qiao, Y; Wu, Z; Zhang, H; Zhao, X, 2018)
" All patients had received initial anesthesia with inhaled sevoflurane."	7.80	A retrospective study of anesthesia during rigid bronchoscopy for airway foreign body removal in children: propofol and sevoflurane with spontaneous ventilation. ( Chai, J; Chen, WM; Han, N; Wang, LY; Wu, XY, 2014)
"It is unknown how ketamine anesthesia immunologically affects the outcome of patients with postoperative septicemia."	7.76	The effect of ketamine anesthesia on the immune function of mice with postoperative septicemia. ( Habu, Y; Kazama, T; Kinoshita, M; Ogura, T; Seki, S; Shono, S; Takahashi, T, 2010)
"Patients (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ, 18-65 years old, BMI <30 kg m-2) scheduled to undergo video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups to receive opioid-free anesthesia (group OFA) with dexmedetomidine, sevoflurane plus thoracic paravertebral blockade or opioid-based anesthesia (group OA) with remifentanil, sevoflurane, and thoracic paravertebral blockade."	5.41	Opioid-free anesthesia compared to opioid anesthesia for lung cancer patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A randomized controlled study. ( An, G; Chen, N; Fu, J; Zhang, Y; Zhao, B; Zhao, X, 2021)
"Various experimental studies have reported neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane postconditioning against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury."	5.34	Effect of Sevoflurane Postconditioning on the Incidence of Symptomatic Cerebral Hyperperfusion After Revascularization Surgery in Adult Patients with Moyamoya Disease. ( Cho, WS; Choi, H; Kim, JE; Lee, HC; Oh, H; Park, HP; Park, JW; Yoon, HK, 2020)
"We set up to determine the incidence and duration of postoperative delirium in older patients who had surgery under the intravenous anesthetic propofol or the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane."	5.34	The Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. ( Li, C; Ma, X; Marcantonio, E; Mei, X; Shen, Y; Xie, Z; Zheng, H; Zheng, HL, 2020)
"Rhabdomyolysis is one of the perioperative complications in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD)."	5.31	[Sevoflurane can induce rhabdomyolysis in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]. ( Furuya, H; Kawaguchi, M; Kitaguchi, K; Sakamoto, T; Sha, K; Shimokawa, M; Takahashi, H, 2002)
"A randomised controlled study in Caen University Hospital Centre, investigated whether the clinical cardio protective effects of administration sevoflurane before cardiopulmonary bypass during coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) could translate into protected atrial trabeculae contractility against hypoxia-reoxygenation in vitro."	5.27	Sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Randomised trial with clinical and ex-vivo endpoints. ( Gérard, JL; Hanouz, JL; Lemoine, S; Zhu, L, 2018)
" Intravenous (propofol) and volatile (sevoflurane) anesthesia are used routinely during cardiac surgery and are thought to provide cardioprotection; however, the individual contribution of each regimen to cardioprotection is unknown."	5.27	A Trial of Two Anesthetic Regimes for Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair. ( Angelini, G; Buselli, A; Haxhiademi, D; Moscarelli, M; Nunziata, A; Punjabi, P; Sarto, PD; Solinas, M; Terrasini, N, 2018)
"Sevoflurane attenuated cough reflex under propofol-based TIVA and did not increase the incidence of PONV and extubation time in nonintubated VATS."	5.27	Sevoflurane is an effective adjuvant to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia for attenuating cough reflex in nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. ( Chang, H; Huang, TW; Lai, HC; Lin, WL; Tseng, WC; Wu, ZF, 2018)
"Elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to receive propofol, sevoflurane, or isoflurane anesthesia."	5.24	Effect of propofol, sevoflurane, and isoflurane on postoperative cognitive dysfunction following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial. ( Geng, YJ; Wu, QH; Zhang, RQ, 2017)
"To evaluate the effect of two anesthetic agents (sevoflurane or propofol) on postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)."	5.24	Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting According to the Anesthetic Agent: A Retrospective Study. ( Kang, WS; Kim, SH; Oh, CS; Park, S; Wan Hong, S; Yoon, TG, 2017)
"With the widespread use of one-lung ventilation (OLV) in thoracic surgery, it is unclear whether maintenance anesthetics such as propofol and inhaled anesthetics are associated with postoperative complications."	5.22	Effects of propofol and inhaled anesthetics on postoperative complications for the patients undergoing one lung ventilation: A meta-analysis. ( Cao, R; Cui, Y; Huang, Q; Yang, J, 2022)
"There was significantly less postreperfusion syndrome in the sevoflurane group compared to the desflurane group (38."	5.22	Sevoflurane Versus Desflurane on the Incidence of Postreperfusion Syndrome During Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Lee, J; Lee, JM; Park, YJ; Ryu, HG; Yoo, YJ, 2016)
"Ultrasound-guided II/IH nerve block for ambulatory pediatric inguinal hernia repair did not reduce ED, but it did decrease the amount of intra-operative sevoflurane needed."	5.22	Ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block did not reduce emergence delirium after ambulatory pediatric inguinal hernia repair: a prospective randomized double-blind study. ( Baba, H; Denda, S; Furutani, K; Hirayama, Y; Iinuma, Y; Kamiya, Y; Komura, R; Naitou, S; Nishimaki, H; Nitta, K; Ohashi, N; Yoshida, T, 2016)
" Our hypothesis was that sevoflurane-based anaesthesia is associated with a reduced release of biomarkers of inflammation compared with TIVA with propofol/remifentanil."	5.20	Biomarkers of inflammation in major vascular surgery: a prospective randomised trial. ( Aune, E; Kirkebøen, KA; Lindholm, EE; Otterstad, JE; Seljeflot, I, 2015)
" Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and infusion of remifentanil, which was adjusted to maintain bispectral index (BIS) at 30 < BIS ≤ 40 in Group I, 40 < BIS ≤ 50 in Group II and 50 < BIS ≤ 60 in Group III."	5.20	Effect of different depths of anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in laparoscopic patients: a randomized clinical trial. ( Chen, XB; Shu, AH; Wang, Q, 2015)
"The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of remifentanil for preventing coughing in the groups were estimated using isotonic regression and compared among the groups."	5.19	Does the type of anesthetic agent affect remifentanil effect-site concentration for preventing endotracheal tube-induced cough during anesthetic emergence? Comparison of propofol, sevoflurane, and desflurane. ( Choi, SH; Choi, YS; Lee, B; Lee, JH; Lee, JR; Yang, SJ, 2014)
"To determine the effect of choice of inhalational anaesthetic (sevoflurane vs propofol) on the incidence and severity of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)."	5.19	Effect of inhalational anaesthetic on postoperative cognitive dysfunction following radical rectal resection in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. ( Bai, Y; Liu, Y; Ou, C; Tang, N; Zuo, Y, 2014)
"To investigate the effect of the intraoperative wake-up test on sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery."	5.17	Effect of the intraoperative wake-up test in sevoflurane-sufentanil combined anesthesia during adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a randomized study. ( Dong, FT; Ma, WQ; Wang, HM; Wei, HM; Yang, YL; Zhang, CH, 2013)
"Desflurane and sevoflurane are associated with postoperative emergence delirium (ED) in children."	5.17	Postoperative emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery--a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. ( Ghai, B; Ram, J; Sethi, S; Wig, J, 2013)
"Intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective in decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents; however, midazolam is superior in providing satisfactory conditions during mask induction."	5.16	Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. ( Akin, A; Aksu, R; Altuntas, R; Bayram, A; Boyaci, A; Esmaoglu, A; Tosun, Z, 2012)
" Intraocular pressure was measured after inhalation of sevoflurane (IOP(Baseline)) and 10 min after intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine 0."	5.16	The application of dexmedetomidine in children undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. ( Haiyan, Z; Jianjun, S; Lili, X, 2012)
"Although fentanyl suppresses tracheal tube-induced cough during anesthetic recovery, it has not been proven if its antitussive effect is dose dependent and complication free."	5.15	Dose-dependent attenuation by fentanyl on cough during emergence from general anesthesia. ( Choi, EM; Jeong, JJ; Lee, JR; Moon, BE; Na, S; Yoo, YC, 2011)
" Although the overall incidence of coughing during the perioperative period was higher in the desflurane group (60% versus 32% in the sevoflurane group, P < 0."	5.14	Desflurane versus sevoflurane for maintenance of outpatient anesthesia: the effect on early versus late recovery and perioperative coughing. ( Kariger, R; Mandel, S; Naruse, R; Norel, E; Sloninsky, A; Stokes, OJ; Tang, J; Webb, T; Wender, RH; White, PF; Yumul, R; Zaentz, A, 2009)
"This randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial was designed to identify the optimal dose of remifentanil for cough suppression without adverse effects during emergence from sevoflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia for thyroidectomy."	5.14	Optimal effect-site concentration of remifentanil for preventing cough during emergence from sevoflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia. ( Jun, NH; Koh, JC; Lee, JW; Park, WS; Shim, YH; Song, JW, 2010)
"The incidence of coughing after cervical spine surgery when tracheal extubation is performed according to clinical criteria is lower after propofol anaesthesia compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia."	5.13	Effect of propofol and sevoflurane on coughing in smokers and non-smokers awakening from general anaesthesia at the end of a cervical spine surgery. ( Bonhomme, V; Hans, P; Marechal, H, 2008)
"Low flow desflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia were administered to children and compared for haemodynamic response, renal and hepatic function, recovery time and postoperative nausea and vomiting."	5.12	Low flow desflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia in children. ( Goksu, S; Isik, Y; Kocoglu, H; Oner, U, 2006)
"We examined the efficacy of intraoperative propofol administration to prevent pruritus induced by epidural morphine."	5.12	The impact of intraoperative propofol administration in the prevention of postoperative pruritus induced by epidural morphine. ( Christodoulaki, K; Crepi, E; Grigoropoulou, I; Kitsou, M; Kontogiannopoulou, S; Kostopanagiotou, G; Matiatou, S; Matsota, P; Niokou, D; Pandazi, A, 2006)
"Sixty-one adult female patients (ASA PS I-II; age, 32-77 years) without an apparent history of sleep apnea and respiratory disease undergoing major breast cancer surgery on an outpatient basis and with planned overnight admission were randomized to one of two anesthesia maintenance groups: sevoflurane anesthesia (SEV, n = 31) or intravenous propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium anesthesia (TIVA, n = 30)."	5.12	Nocturnal episodic hypoxemia after ambulatory breast cancer surgery: comparison of sevoflurane and propofol-fentanyl anesthesia. ( Fukuda, K; Shirakami, G; Teratani, Y, 2006)
" This, however, does not result in a reduced incidence of emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia."	5.12	Midazolam does not reduce emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. ( Breschan, C; Jost, R; Likar, R; Platzer, M; Stettner, H, 2007)
" This study was designed to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on recovery characteristics and the incidence of post-operative delirium (POD) in long-duration laparoscopic surgery for elderly patients."	5.11	Recovery characteristics and post-operative delirium after long-duration laparoscope-assisted surgery in elderly patients: propofol-based vs. sevoflurane-based anesthesia. ( Nakayama, M; Namiki, A; Nishikawa, K; Omote, K, 2004)
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in the pediatric ambulatory surgical population, the efficacy of: (i) oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), when given preoperatively, to reduce postoperative excitement associated with sevoflurane, and (ii) intravenous ondansetron to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) associated with OTFC."	5.11	The effect of premedication with OTFC, with or without ondansetron, on postoperative agitation, and nausea and vomiting in pediatric ambulatory patients. ( Bachman, C; Binstock, W; Kahana, M; Lynch, JP; McDade, W; Rubin, R, 2004)
" Sevoflurane has a propensity to induce 'excitement' during induction of anaesthesia, and delirium in the immediate postoperative phase."	5.11	Postoperative behavioral changes following anesthesia with sevoflurane. ( Diviney, D; Harte, S; Keaney, A; Lyons, B, 2004)
"Our results show that in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair, pain control with a preoperative caudal block as compared to intraoperative intravenous fentanyl significantly reduces the incidence of emergence agitation and pain scores following sevoflurane anesthesia."	5.11	Preoperative caudal block prevents emergence agitation in children following sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Aouad, MT; Baraka, AS; Gerges, FJ; Kanazi, GE; Rizk, LB; Siddik-Sayyid, SM, 2005)
"05), as well as a more frequent incidence of apnea (84% in the propofol group versus 7% and 16% in the sevoflurane and sevoflurane-propofol groups, respectively; P < 0."	5.11	A comparison of sevoflurane-propofol versus sevoflurane or propofol for laryngeal mask airway insertion in adults. ( Aouad, MT; Baraka, AS; Daaboul, DG; Deeb, PG; Massouh, FM; Muallem, MA; Siddik-Sayyid, SM; Taha, SK, 2005)
"The authors found no increased incidence of emergence delirium, maladaptive postoperative behavior changes, or sleep disturbances in children undergoing anesthesia with sevoflurane as compared with halothane."	5.11	Sevoflurane versus halothane: postoperative maladaptive behavioral changes: a randomized, controlled trial. ( Caldwell-Andrews, AA; Gaal, D; Kain, ZN; Maranets, I; Mayes, LC; Saadat, H; Wang, SM; Weinberg, ME, 2005)
"We investigated the effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery."	5.10	[The effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery]. ( Fukumitsu, K; Hirao, O; Kawaraguchi, Y; Kinouchi, K; Kitamura, S; Miyamoto, Y; Taniguchi, A, 2002)
" In groups I and II, propofol 2 mg/kg was administered for induction followed by propofol 75-150 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (group I) or sevoflurane 1-2% (group II) with N2O 67% in oxygen for maintenance of anesthesia In group m, anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in combination with N2O 67% in oxygen."	5.09	Recovery profile, costs, and patient satisfaction with propofol and sevoflurane for fast-track office-based anesthesia. ( Chen, L; Kariger, R; Naruse, R; Sloninsky, A; Tang, J; Watcha, MF; Wender, RH; White, PF, 1999)
"Sevoflurane is associated with less tachycardia and coronary vasodilation than isoflurane and thus might be associated with less myocardial ischemia."	5.08	Myocardial ischemia and adverse cardiac outcomes in cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with sevoflurane and isoflurane. Sevoflurane Ischemia Study Group. ( Ebert, TJ; Kharasch, ED; Muzi, M; Rooke, GA; Shroff, A, 1997)
"We are uncertain whether maintenance with propofol-based TIVA or with inhalational agents affect incidences of postoperative delirium, mortality, or length of hospital stay because certainty of the evidence was very low."	4.98	Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery. ( Alderson, P; Lewis, SR; Miller, D; Pritchard, MW; Schofield-Robinson, OJ; Shelton, CL; Smith, AF, 2018)
" We analysed these studies in more detail by examining the effects of induction agent, choice of inhalation agent, presence/absence of nitrous oxide, age of patient or use of opiate on the incidence of emesis."	4.80	A meta-analysis of nausea and vomiting following maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol or inhalational agents. ( Bilski, AJ; Byrom, WD; Carr, A; Sneyd, JR, 1998)
"The risk factors for delayed neurocognitive recovery in elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery include diabetes, perioperative inadvertent hypothermia (< 35℃), VICA (sevoflurane combined with propofol anesthesia), and history of cerebrovascular events."	4.31	Risk factors for delayed neurocognitive recovery in elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery. ( Chen, B; Kang, W; Liu, T; Liu, W; Luo, T; Wang, L, 2023)
"To study the dynamics of markers of brain damage, determine their role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic correction of POCD in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane."	4.12	[Correction of cognitive dysfunction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane]. ( Nazarchuk, EA; Neimark, MI; Rakhmonov, AA; Shmelev, VV, 2022)
" The objective of this study was to compare 3-month post-operative neuroendocrine functional outcomes between sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for removal of non-functional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) retrospectively."	3.96	Effects of anesthetics on post-operative 3-month neuroendocrine function after endoscopic transsphenoidal non-functional pituitary adenoma surgery. ( Hee Kim, J; Hwy Kim, Y; Lee, HC; Oh, H; Park, HP; Yhim, HB; Yoon, HK, 2020)
"Adult C57BL/6 mice received a laparotomy under sevoflurane anesthesia and HNK or SIRT3 inhibitor (3-TYP) treatment."	3.91	SIRT3 activator honokiol ameliorates surgery/anesthesia-induced cognitive decline in mice through anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory in hippocampus. ( Chen, L; Lei, SQ; Lu, YY; Peng, M; Xia, ZY; Ye, JS, 2019)
"Sevoflurane anesthesia impaired cognitive functions, as well as metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression, through elevated surface expression of small conductance calcium-activated potassium type 2 channels."	3.91	Sevoflurane anesthesia impairs metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression and cognitive functions in senile mice. ( Shi, J; Yu, X; Zhang, F, 2019)
"Propofol may help to protect against ischaemic acute kidney injury (AKI); however, research on this topic is sparse."	3.91	Effect of sevoflurane-based or propofol-based anaesthesia on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury: A retrospective propensity score-matched analysis. ( Han, S; Jheon, S; Ji, E; Kim, J; Kim, K; Oh, TK, 2019)
"In this prospective observational study, 128 patients aged 18-65 years of American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I and II undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled and allocated alternately into two groups, Study Group (Maintenance of anesthesia with sevoflurane 1-2%, oxygen/nitrous oxide mixture; 40/60), Control Group (Maintenance of anesthesia with sevoflurane 1-2%, oxygen/air mixture; 40/60) were analysed and comapared."	3.88	Evaluation of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Postoperative Sore Throat. ( Lakhe, G; Sharma, SM, 2018)
"Sevoflurane anesthesia is a high-risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients."	3.88	Role of dexmedetomidine in reducing the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction caused by sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma. ( Qiao, Y; Wu, Z; Zhang, H; Zhao, X, 2018)
"Female gender, sevoflurane, smoking and intraoperative hypotension were documented as independent risk factors for postoperative headache."	3.85	Factors associated with the presence of postoperative headache in elective surgery patients: a prospective single center cohort study. ( Arvaniti, CC; Batistaki, CZ; Christodoulopoulou, TC; Kostopanagiotou, GG; Matsota, PK; Voumvourakis, KI, 2017)
"Sevoflurane, a widely used inhaled anesthetic, showed valid protective effect against ischemia reperfusion injury in lung, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms has yet to be explained."	3.85	Pharmacological postconditioning with sevoflurane activates PI3K/AKT signaling and attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced lung injury in dog. ( Chen, S; Dou, X; Han, M; Li, D; Luo, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2017)
"Increases in plasma kynurenic acid (KYNA) concentration relate to the severity of inflammation."	3.81	Plasma kynurenic acid concentration in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: effect of anaesthesia. ( Dabrowski, W; Kotlinska-Hasiec, E; Nowicka-Stazka, P; Parada-Turska, J; Stazka, J; Stazka, K; Zadora, P, 2015)
" All patients had received initial anesthesia with inhaled sevoflurane."	3.80	A retrospective study of anesthesia during rigid bronchoscopy for airway foreign body removal in children: propofol and sevoflurane with spontaneous ventilation. ( Chai, J; Chen, WM; Han, N; Wang, LY; Wu, XY, 2014)
"Propofol anesthesia decreases postoperative delirium in elderly patients compared with sevoflurane anesthesia."	3.77	[Influence of general anesthetics on the incidence of postoperative delirium in the elderly]. ( Akiyama, D; Hara, K; Ishii, K; Makita, T; Sumikawa, K, 2011)
" The ex-premature neonate has many co-morbidities and is at risk of postoperative apnea and bradycardia."	3.77	Retrospective review of ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block with general anesthesia for herniotomy in ex-premature neonates. ( Lim, SL; Ng, AS; Thong, SY, 2011)
"It is unknown how ketamine anesthesia immunologically affects the outcome of patients with postoperative septicemia."	3.76	The effect of ketamine anesthesia on the immune function of mice with postoperative septicemia. ( Habu, Y; Kazama, T; Kinoshita, M; Ogura, T; Seki, S; Shono, S; Takahashi, T, 2010)
"An 82-year-old woman with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with bulbar paralysis, respiratory muscle paralysis, and arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of the lower extremities, underwent uneventful general anesthesia with remifentanil and sevoflurane for bilateral below-knee amputation."	3.74	[Anesthetic management of an ALS patient with remifentanil]. ( Tagami, N; Umegaki, H, 2008)
"5-year-old boy, with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), who experienced a life-threatening episode of pulmonary edema soon after induction of general anesthesia with sevoflurane and intubation for orchidopexy is presented."	3.73	Near demise of a child with Prader-Willi syndrome during elective orchidopexy. ( Briassoulis, G; Geromarkaki, E; Mantadakis, E; Spanaki, AM; Vassilaki, E, 2006)
"A 61 year old male patient developed postoperative pancreatitis after total hip replacement under general anesthesia with sevoflurane."	3.70	[Postoperative pancreatitis after total hip replacement under general anesthesia]. ( Kabutan, K; Mishima, M; Morimoto, N; Takehisa, S; Taniguchi, M, 2000)
"Secondary outcomes included lung inflammation defined as changes in other biomarkers and postoperative pulmonary complications."	3.11	Anesthetics to Prevent Lung Injury in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Baedorf Kassis, EN; Banner-Goodspeed, VM; Beydoun, N; Bose, S; Gasangwa, DV; Gosling, AF; Khabbaz, K; Kumaresan, A; Mahmood, FU; Mueller, AL; Novack, V; O'Gara, BP; Patxot, M; Sagy, I; Shaefi, S; Shapeton, A; Spear, K; Subramaniam, B; Talmor, DS, 2022)
"Sevoflurane kinetics were determined by collecting end-tidal samples from the first breaths at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 15 min before the surgery (wash-in) and after closing the vaporizer (wash-out)."	3.01	Effects of salbutamol on the kinetics of sevoflurane and the occurrence of early postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled study. ( Jiang, H; Jiang, Z; Lian, S; Liu, S; Wu, X; Zhang, C, 2021)
"Limited evidence suggests that children have a lower incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events when intravenous propofol is used compared with inhalational sevoflurane for the anesthesia induction."	2.87	Inhalational versus Intravenous Induction of Anesthesia in Children with a High Risk of Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Hall, GL; Hegarty, M; Ramgolam, A; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS; Zhang, G, 2018)
"Elderly patients who have solid organ cancer often receive surgery."	2.84	Impact of inhalational versus intravenous anaesthesia on early delirium and long-term survival in elderly patients after cancer surgery: study protocol of a multicentre, open-label, and randomised controlled trial. ( Ai, YQ; Guo, YQ; Jia, HQ; Jia, Z; Li, HJ; Liu, ZH; Ma, D; Ouyang, W; Pan, LH; Sun, XD; Tan, HY; Wang, DX; Yang, XD; Ye, QS; Yin, N; Yu, JB; Zhang, FX; Zhang, QG; Zhang, Y; Zhao, BJ, 2017)
"The study showed that intraoperative glucose infusion suppressed lipolysis and proteolysis in patients anesthetized with remifentanil in combination with sevoflurane during surgery of >6 hours in length."	2.82	Effect of Intraoperative Glucose Infusion on Catabolism of Adipose Tissue and Muscle Protein in Patients Anesthetized With Remifentanil in Combination With Sevoflurane During Major Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial. ( Hayashi, H; Ichinose, H; Kamada, Y; Sawada, A; Sumita, S; Yamakage, M, 2016)
"To explore the effect of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia on the incidence of the post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients."	2.82	[Incidence of the post-operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia]. ( Li, H; Liu, X; Wang, Y, 2016)
"A total of 53 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II status randomly received general anesthesia (G group, n = 27) or general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia (E group, n = 26) for surgical tumor resection."	2.80	General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia ameliorates the effect of fast-track surgery by mitigating immunosuppression and facilitating intestinal functional recovery in colon cancer patients. ( Chen, WK; Miao, CH; Ren, L; Wei, Y; Xu, JM; Zhu, DX, 2015)
"The incidence of postoperative pain was significantly less in the KETODEX group (15."	2.80	The effect of KETODEX on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane based-anesthesia. ( Daoud, A; Hadi, SM; Mei, X; Ouyang, W; Saleh, AJ; Tang, YZ, 2015)
"Propofol has been shown to provide protection against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury experimentally, but clinical evidence is lacking."	2.79	Anesthetics influence the incidence of acute kidney injury following valvular heart surgery. ( Kwak, YL; Shim, JK; Song, Y; Yang, SY; Yoo, YC, 2014)
"Sevoflurane treatment did not reduce postoperative troponin T, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-MB values."	2.79	Cardiospecific sevoflurane treatment quenches inflammation but does not attenuate myocardial cell damage markers: a proof-of-concept study in patients undergoing mitral valve repair. ( Aarts, LP; Cobbaert, CM; Engbers, FH; Klautz, RJ; Kortekaas, KA; Lindeman, JH; Palmen, M; van der Baan, A; Verhagen, JC, 2014)
"Fentanyl 0."	2.78	Effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative recovery profile of children undergoing surgery for spinal dysraphism. ( Dash, HH; Gupta, N; Prabhakar, H; Rath, GP, 2013)
" However, no consensus has been reached whether sevoflurane could have adverse effects on renal function in cirrhotic patients."	2.78	Sevoflurane has no adverse effects on renal function in cirrhotic patients: a comparison with propofol. ( Lu, ZJ; Song, JC; Sun, YM; Wu, QC; Yang, LQ; Yu, WF; Zhang, MZ, 2013)
" The primary outcome was the occurrence of adverse events (AEs)."	2.78	Feasibility and safety of xenon compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia in coronary surgical patients: a randomized controlled pilot study. ( Autschbach, R; Coburn, M; Fahlenkamp, AV; Gozdowsky, SC; Rex, S; Rossaint, R; Schälte, G; Stoppe, C; Veeck, NC, 2013)
"Upper airway obstruction (UAO) is a well known complication of cleft palate repair."	2.77	The effect of steroid injection of the tongue base on reducing postoperative airway obstruction in cleft palate repair. ( Abdel-Aziz, M; Abdel-Khalik, MI; Ahmed, A; Naguib, N, 2012)
"Sevoflurane was administered by using the anesthetic-conserving device."	2.77	Late pharmacologic conditioning with volatile anesthetics after cardiac surgery. ( Baulig, W; Beck-Schimmer, B; Dreessen, P; Falk, V; Neff, TA; Piegeler, T; Schläpfer, M; Schmid, ER; Schwartz, D; Spahn, DR; Steurer, MA; Steurer, MP; Theusinger, OM, 2012)
"Sevoflurane has neuroprotective properties in vitro and in animal models."	2.76	Cognitive function after sevoflurane- vs propofol-based anaesthesia for on-pump cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. ( Berger, KU; Heringlake, M; Hueppe, M; Husemann, L; Lueloh, A; Schoen, J; Sedemund-Adib, B; Tiemeyer, C, 2011)
"Sevoflurane has been extensively used in neurosurgical patients."	2.74	A comparison between sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial intracranial surgery. ( Magni, G; Melillo, G; Rosa, G; Rosa, IL; Savio, A, 2009)
"Sevoflurane consumption was calculated using the vaporizer weighing method."	2.73	Effect of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring on postoperative recovery and sevoflurane consumption among morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric banding. ( Al-Dohayan, A; Al-Zahrani, T; Alkathery, K; Alshaer, A; Bukhari, A; El-Dawlaty, A; Ibraheim, O; Mazen, K; Turkistani, A, 2008)
"22 [14-36] mg; P=0."	2.73	Intravenous lidocaine infusion facilitates acute rehabilitation after laparoscopic colectomy. ( Detroz, BJ; Durieux, ME; Joris, JL; Kaba, A; Lamy, ML; Laurent, SR; Sessler, DI, 2007)
"Sevoflurane anaesthesia was administered via a facemask (O2/N2O: 40/60)."	2.73	Oral clonidine vs midazolam in the prevention of sevoflurane-induced agitation in children. a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. ( De Groote, F; De Hert, S; De Villé, A; Dierick, A; Tazeroualti, N; Van der Linden, P, 2007)
"Delirium was defined as agitation score of > or =4 for > or =5 min."	2.72	Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery. ( Arslan, M; Isik, B; Kurtipek, O; Tunga, AD, 2006)
"Sevoflurane has been used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia during cardiac surgery owing to its favourable haemodynamic effects."	2.71	Effect of sevoflurane on the ex vivo secretion of TNF-alpha during and after coronary artery bypass surgery. ( De Lange, JJ; El Azab, SR; Groeneveld, AB; Rosseel, PM; Scheffer, GJ; Van Strik, R; Van Wijk, EM, 2003)
"Treatment with sevoflurane before coronary occlusion seem effective in reducing functional myocardial impairment due to ischemia."	2.71	[Cardiac protection is a clinical evidence]. ( Baldassarri, R; Cariello, C; Doroni, L; Guarracino, F; Vullo, C, 2004)
"Sevoflurane is a rapid-acting volatile anaesthetic agent frequently used in paediatric anaesthesia despite transient postoperative symptoms of cerebral excitation, particularly in preschool children."	2.71	Similar excitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in young children given rectal morphine or midazolam as premedication. ( Akeson, J; Malmgren, W, 2004)
"The objective of this study was to determine a dosing regimen for remifentanil-sevoflurane anaesthesia that achieves an optimal balance between quality of anaesthesia and time to recovery."	2.70	Remifentanil-sevoflurane anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: comparison of three dose regimens. ( Bencini, AF; Ephraim, EP; Frietman, RC; Houweling, PL; Mulder, PG; van Delden, PG; van Niekerk, J; van Stolk, MA; Verheijen, R; Wajer, OJ, 2002)
"Sevoflurane has a non-pungent odour and provides smooth induction of anaesthesia."	2.69	End-tidal sevoflurane concentration for tracheal extubation (MACEX) in adults: comparison with isoflurane. ( Inomata, S; Taguchi, M; Toyooka, H; Yaguchi, Y, 1999)
"The incidence of postoperative convulsive seizure was compared retrospectively during either isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia in patients after craniotomy."	2.68	[Convulsive seizure after craniotomy--comparison of isoflurane anesthesia and sevoflurane anesthesia]. ( Asahi, N; Hashimoto, K; Ohishi, S; Okuda, C; Sakio, H; Tanaka, Y, 1995)
"Sevoflurane patients were less likely to have complications during induction (P < 0."	2.68	Sevoflurane versus isoflurane: induction and recovery characteristics with single-breath inhaled inductions of anesthesia. ( Conard, PF; Gross, JB; Karsunky, PK; Sloan, MH, 1996)
"Propofol has a more significant adverse effect on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients with lung cancer than sevoflurane."	2.61	A systematic review: comparative analysis of the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients with lung cancer. ( Ai, B; Kong, X; Lee, WT; Sun, H; Sun, L; Yan, T; Zhang, G; Zhang, H; Zheng, H, 2019)
"We observed that preoperative hind limb muscle atrophy, indicated by TS, was associated with an increased occurrence of PND through the reduction in BDNF and neurogenesis after abdominal surgery in young adult rats."	1.72	Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Is Associated With Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder Due To Decreased Neurogenesis in Rats. ( Goyagi, T; Nakagawasai, O; Nemoto, A; Nemoto, W; Niiyama, Y; Tan-No, K, 2022)
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine regulator of the sleep-wake cycle."	1.62	Melatonin ameliorates the sleep disorder induced by surgery under sevoflurane anaesthesia in aged mice. ( Guo, X; Han, Y; Jia, X; Li, Z; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Shi, C; Shi, J; Song, Y; Sun, J; Sun, Z; Yang, N; Yuan, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, W; Zhou, Y, 2021)
" The objective of this trial was to elucidate whether haemodynamic or electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring parameters during general anaesthesia or sevoflurane dosage correlate with the incidence of PODE."	1.62	Intraoperative monitoring parameters and postoperative delirium: Results of a prospective cross-sectional trial. ( Diegmann, O; Fielbrand, R; Fischer-Kumbruch, M; Hinken, L; Jung, C; Krauß, T; Scheinichen, D; Schenk, I; Schultz, B; Trübenbach, D, 2021)
"Williams-Beuren syndrome is the clinical manifestation of a congenital genetic disorder in the elastin gene, among others."	1.48	Cardiac arrest related to anaesthesia in Williams-Beuren syndrome. ( Castro Parga, L; Durán la Fuente, P; Gónzalez Rocafort, A; Lucena Delgado, J; Reinoso Barbero, F; Sanabria Carretero, P, 2018)
"Acute airway obstruction can occur due to airway instrumentation."	1.42	[Anaesthetic management in a paediatric patient with a difficult airway due to epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]. ( Blázquez Gómez, E; Garcés Aletá, A; García-Aparicio, L; Manen Berga, F; Monclus Diaz, E; Ontanilla López, A, 2015)
"Apert syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, craniosynostosis and syndactyly."	1.42	Alternative Methods for Nasotracheal Intubation and Extubation in a Patient With Apert Syndrome. ( Tsukamoto, M; Yokoyama, T, 2015)
"Postoperative malignant hyperthermia can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from central hyperthermia, especially after neurosurgery."	1.40	[Suspected case of postoperative malignant hyperthermia treated with dantrolene one week after neurosurgery]. ( Itoh, K; Kitamura, A; Nishibe, S; Usuda, Y, 2014)
"The rates of hoarseness on the first postoperative day, categorised as none/mild/moderate/severe, were 10/12/7/1 and 22/6/2/0, respectively, p = 0."	1.39	Left endobronchial intubation with a double-lumen tube using direct laryngoscopy or the Trachway® video stylet. ( Chen, CL; Chen, MK; Cheng, KI; Chou, SH; Hsu, HT; Kuo, YW; Tseng, KY, 2013)
"Acquired long QT syndrome is a rare condition whose diagnosis is of vital importance given the risk of torsade de pointes and sudden death."	1.36	[Perioperative acquired long QT syndrome: a case report]. ( Arizaga, A; Goitia, L; Pérez, P; Sebastián, P; Taibo, JM, 2010)
"We describe a case of malignant hyperthermia encountered and treated during surgical operations concurrent with an overseas humanitarian assistance mission."	1.35	A case of malignant hyperthermia in a child encountered during a humanitarian assistance mission to the Philippines. ( Blaschke, G; Jones, S; Pfeiffer, J; Plurad, D, 2008)
"The management of Ebstein's anomaly is based on its severity."	1.35	[Anesthetic management for repair of Ebstein's anomaly with WPW syndrome]. ( Kawahito, S; Kawano, H; Kitahata, H; Nakamura, T; Okada, T; Oshita, S, 2009)
"He developed severe airway obstruction in the early postoperative period."	1.33	[Perioperative respiratory complications in pediatric patients with mediastinal masses: a report of 2 cases]. ( de Vicente Sánchez, J; Gredilla Diaz, E; Pérez Ferrer, A; Valladares Otero, G, 2006)
"Rhabdomyolysis is one of the perioperative complications in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD)."	1.31	[Sevoflurane can induce rhabdomyolysis in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]. ( Furuya, H; Kawaguchi, M; Kitaguchi, K; Sakamoto, T; Sha, K; Shimokawa, M; Takahashi, H, 2002)

Research

Studies (299)

Authors

Clinical Trials (79)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Fentanyl and Morphine Requirements

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	26 (8.70)	18.2507
2000's	111 (37.12)	29.6817
2010's	135 (45.15)	24.3611
2020's	27 (9.03)	2.80

Authors	Studies
An, G	1
Zhang, Y	5
Chen, N	1
Fu, J	1
Zhao, B	1
Zhao, X	3
Zangrillo, A	2
Lomivorotov, VV	1
Pasyuga, VV	1
Belletti, A	1
Gazivoda, G	1
Monaco, F	1
Nigro Neto, C	1
Likhvantsev, VV	2
Bradic, N	1
Lozovskiy, A	1
Lei, C	1
Bukamal, NAR	1
Silva, FS	1
Bautin, AE	1
Ma, J	1
Yong, CY	1
Carollo, C	1
Kunstyr, J	1
Wang, CY	1
Grigoryev, EV	1
Riha, H	1
Wang, C	7
El-Tahan, MR	1
Scandroglio, AM	1
Mansor, M	1
Lembo, R	1
Ponomarev, DN	1
Bezerra, FJL	1
Ruggeri, L	1
Chernyavskiy, AM	1
Xu, J	1
Tarasov, DG	1
Navalesi, P	1
Yavorovskiy, A	1
Bove, T	1
Kuzovlev, A	1
Hajjar, LA	1
Landoni, G	3
Neimark, MI	1
Shmelev, VV	1
Rakhmonov, AA	1
Nazarchuk, EA	1
O'Gara, BP	1
Shaefi, S	1
Gasangwa, DV	1
Patxot, M	1
Beydoun, N	1
Mueller, AL	1
Sagy, I	1
Novack, V	1
Banner-Goodspeed, VM	1
Kumaresan, A	1
Shapeton, A	1
Spear, K	1
Bose, S	1
Baedorf Kassis, EN	1
Gosling, AF	1
Mahmood, FU	1
Khabbaz, K	1
Subramaniam, B	1
Talmor, DS	1
Che, H	1
Lv, Y	1
Yao, F	1
Zhao, F	1
Zhao, L	1
Yang, J	1
Huang, Q	1
Cao, R	1
Cui, Y	1
Duan, GY	1
Duan, ZX	1
Chen, H	1
Chen, F	2
Du, ZY	1
Chen, LY	1
Lu, KZ	1
Zuo, ZY	1
Li, H	3
Zeng, K	1
Long, J	1
Li, Y	3
Hu, J	1
Wang, L	4
Chen, B	1
Liu, T	1
Luo, T	1
Kang, W	1
Liu, W	1
Yoon, HK	2
Oh, H	2
Lee, HC	2
Cho, WS	1
Kim, JE	1
Park, JW	1
Choi, H	1
Park, HP	2
Sun, H	1
Zhang, G	2
Ai, B	1
Zhang, H	4
Kong, X	1
Lee, WT	1
Zheng, H	2
Yan, T	1
Sun, L	1
Cengiz, O	1
Kivrak, A	1
Yegen, M	1
Demir, M	1
Devroe, S	2
Devriese, L	1
Debuck, F	1
Fieuws, S	1
Cools, B	1
Gewillig, M	2
Van de Velde, M	2
Rex, S	4
Zhou, D	1
Zhu, X	1
Yang, X	1
Liu, Y	3
Zhang, X	1
Yhim, HB	1
Hee Kim, J	1
Hwy Kim, Y	1
Rezniczek, GA	1
Hecken, JM	1
Rehman, S	1
Dogan, A	1
Tempfer, CB	1
Hilal, Z	1
Mei, X	2
Zheng, HL	1
Li, C	1
Ma, X	1
Marcantonio, E	1
Xie, Z	1
Shen, Y	1
Zucco, L	1
Santer, P	1
Levy, N	1
Hammer, M	1
Grabitz, SD	2
Nabel, S	1
Ramachandran, SK	2
Jia, X	1
Zhang, L	1
Zhang, W	1
Zhou, Y	2
Song, Y	2
Liu, C	1
Yang, N	2
Sun, J	1
Sun, Z	2
Li, Z	1
Shi, C	2
Han, Y	1
Yuan, Y	2
Shi, J	2
Guo, X	1
Gerónimo-Pardo, M	1
Albrecht, E	1
Bayon, V	1
Hirotsu, C	1
Heinzer, R	1
Qu, Y	1
Qian, M	1
Gao, X	1
Ni, C	1
Jung, C	1
Hinken, L	1
Fischer-Kumbruch, M	1
Trübenbach, D	1
Fielbrand, R	1
Schenk, I	1
Diegmann, O	1
Krauß, T	1
Scheinichen, D	1
Schultz, B	1
Raub, D	1
Platzbecker, K	1
Xu, X	1
Wongtangman, K	1
Pham, SB	1
Murugappan, KR	1
Hanafy, KA	1
Nozari, A	1
Houle, TT	1
Kendale, SM	1
Eikermann, M	1
Wagner, S	1
Sutter, L	1
Wagenblast, F	1
Walther, A	1
Schiff, JH	1
Jiang, H	2
Wu, X	1
Lian, S	1
Zhang, C	1
Liu, S	1
Jiang, Z	1
Nemoto, A	1
Goyagi, T	1
Nemoto, W	1
Nakagawasai, O	1
Tan-No, K	1
Niiyama, Y	1
Morisson, L	1
Laferrière-Langlois, P	1
Carrier, FM	1
Pagé, G	1
Godbout, C	1
Fortier, LP	1
Ogez, D	1
Létourneau, G	1
Jarry, S	1
Denault, A	1
Fortier, A	1
Guertin, MC	1
Verdonck, O	1
Richebé, P	1
Geng, YJ	1
Wu, QH	1
Zhang, RQ	1
Piskin, O	1
Altinsoy, B	1
Cimencan, M	1
Aydin, BG	1
Okyay, D	1
Kucukosman, G	1
Tascilar, O	1
Sarikaya, S	1
Ayoglu, H	1
Oh, CS	1
Park, S	1
Wan Hong, S	1
Kang, WS	1
Yoon, TG	1
Kim, SH	1
Balogh, AL	1
Peták, F	1
Fodor, GH	1
Sudy, R	1
Babik, B	1
Yu, W	1
Zarrouki, Y	1
Makoudi, M	1
Ziadi, A	1
Elamrani, D	1
Ettalbi, S	1
Samkaoui, MA	1
Soltanizadeh, S	1
Degett, TH	1
Gögenur, I	1
Sah, HK	1
Akcil, EF	1
Tunali, Y	1
Vehid, H	1
Dilmen, OK	1
Lemoine, S	1
Zhu, L	1
Gérard, JL	1
Hanouz, JL	2
Hofland, J	1
Ouattara, A	1
Fellahi, JL	1
Gruenewald, M	1
Hazebroucq, J	1
Ecoffey, C	2
Joseph, P	1
Heringlake, M	2
Steib, A	1
Coburn, M	4
Amour, J	1
Rozec, B	1
Liefde, I	1
Meybohm, P	1
Preckel, B	1
Tritapepe, L	1
Tonner, P	1
Benhaoua, H	1
Roesner, JP	1
Bein, B	1
Hanouz, L	1
Tenbrinck, R	1
Bogers, AJJC	1
Mik, BG	1
Coiffic, A	1
Renner, J	1
Steinfath, M	1
Francksen, H	1
Broch, O	1
Haneya, A	1
Schaller, M	1
Guinet, P	1
Daviet, L	1
Brianchon, C	1
Rosier, S	1
Lehot, JJ	2
Paarmann, H	1
Schön, J	1
Hanke, T	1
Ettel, J	1
Olsson, S	1
Klotz, S	1
Samet, A	1
Laurinenas, G	1
Thibaud, A	1
Cristinar, M	1
Collanges, O	1
Levy, F	1
Rossaint, R	4
Stevanovic, A	2
Schaelte, G	1
Stoppe, C	2
Hamou, NA	1
Hariri, S	1
Quessard, A	1
Carillion, A	1
Morin, H	1
Silleran, J	1
Robert, D	1
Crouzet, AS	1
Zacharowski, K	1
Reyher, C	1
Iken, S	1
Weber, NC	1
Hollmann, M	1
Eberl, S	1
Carriero, G	1
Collacchi, D	1
Di Persio, A	1
Fourcade, O	1
Bergt, S	1
Alms, A	1
Yu, H	1
Wu, D	1
de la Gala, F	1
Piñeiro, P	1
Reyes, A	1
Vara, E	1
Olmedilla, L	1
Cruz, P	1
Garutti, I	1
An, LJ	1
Su, Z	1
Zhang, XL	1
Liu, HL	1
Zhang, ZJ	1
Hu, JL	1
Li, ST	1
Li, HJ	2
Wang, DX	2
Jia, HQ	1
Sun, XD	1
Pan, LH	1
Ye, QS	1
Ouyang, W	2
Jia, Z	1
Zhang, FX	1
Guo, YQ	1
Ai, YQ	1
Zhao, BJ	1
Yang, XD	1
Zhang, QG	1
Yin, N	1
Tan, HY	1
Liu, ZH	1
Yu, JB	1
Ma, D	2
Satomoto, M	1
Adachi, YU	1
Kinoshita, H	1
Makita, K	1
Zhang, GH	1
Wang, W	1
Lucena Delgado, J	1
Sanabria Carretero, P	1
Durán la Fuente, P	1
Gónzalez Rocafort, A	1
Castro Parga, L	1
Reinoso Barbero, F	1
Lakhe, G	1
Sharma, SM	1
Moscarelli, M	1
Terrasini, N	1
Nunziata, A	1
Punjabi, P	1
Angelini, G	1
Solinas, M	1
Buselli, A	1
Sarto, PD	1
Haxhiademi, D	1
Ramgolam, A	1
Hall, GL	1
Hegarty, M	1
von Ungern-Sternberg, BS	1
Huang, C	1
Irwin, MG	2
Wong, GTC	1
Chang, RCC	1
Arts, S	1
Delye, H	1
van Lindert, EJ	1
Blok, L	1
Borstlap, W	1
Driessen, J	1
Fan, CH	1
Peng, B	1
Zhang, FC	1
Lemiere, J	1
Van Hese, L	1
Boshoff, D	1
Poesen, K	1
Shan, GJ	1
Zhang, YX	1
Cao, SJ	1
Zhu, SN	1
Miller, D	1
Lewis, SR	1
Pritchard, MW	1
Schofield-Robinson, OJ	1
Shelton, CL	1
Alderson, P	1
Smith, AF	1
Engelhardt, T	1
Lauder, GR	1
Alalawi, R	1
Yasmeen, N	1
Ye, JS	2
Chen, L	3
Lu, YY	2
Lei, SQ	2
Peng, M	2
Xia, ZY	2
Lai, HC	1
Huang, TW	1
Tseng, WC	1
Lin, WL	1
Chang, H	1
Wu, ZF	1
Kletecka, J	1
Holeckova, I	1
Brenkus, P	1
Pouska, J	1
Benes, J	1
Chytra, I	1
Konishi, Y	1
Evered, LA	1
Scott, DA	1
Silbert, BS	1
Tsuchiya, M	1
Shiomoto, K	1
Mizutani, K	1
Fujioka, K	1
Suehiro, K	1
Yamada, T	1
Sato, EF	1
Nishikawa, K	2
Wu, Z	1
Qiao, Y	2
Qin, Y	1
Ni, J	1
Kang, L	1
Zhong, Z	1
Yin, S	1
Yu, X	1
Zhang, F	1
Rajan, S	1
Garg, D	1
Cummings, KC	1
Krishnaney, AA	1
Oh, TK	1
Kim, J	1
Han, S	1
Kim, K	1
Jheon, S	1
Ji, E	1
Gupta, N	1
Rath, GP	1
Prabhakar, H	1
Dash, HH	1
Song, JC	1
Zhang, MZ	1
Wu, QC	1
Lu, ZJ	1
Sun, YM	1
Yang, LQ	1
Yu, WF	1
Fahlenkamp, AV	1
Veeck, NC	1
Gozdowsky, SC	1
Schälte, G	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) With Versus Without Intraoperative Application of Lugol's Iodine in Women With Cervical Dysplasia: a Prospective Randomized Trial[NCT05132114]		216 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-17	Recruiting
Large Loop Excision of the Transformatione Zone Under General Versus Local Anesthesia: a Randomized Trial.[NCT03494686]		229 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-03	Completed
Effect of Electroencephalography-guided Anesthesia on Neurocognitive Disorders in Elderly Patients Undergoing Major Non-cardiac Surgery: a Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT04825847]		314 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-24	Recruiting
Assessment of Breathing Using an Under-bed Weighing Scale[NCT04736212]		16 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-03-24	Completed
Using Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Perioperative Lung Preservation During VATS Pulmonary Surgery: A Dual Center Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05922449]		302 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-01	Recruiting
STUDY OF PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SECONDARY TO LUNG RESECTION SURGERY USING INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA VERSUS INHALATION ANESTHESIA WITH HALOGENATED AGENTS[NCT02168751]	Phase 4	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Impact of Inhalational Versus Intravenous Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Long-term Survival in Elderly Patients After Cancer Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02660411]		1,228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-01	Completed
Impact of Inhalational Versus Intravenous Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients After Cancer Surgery: An Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02662257]		1,228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-01	Completed
Comparison of Propofol and Sevoflurane Anesthesia on the Quality of Recovery After Ambulatory Surgery for Anal Fistula in Obese Patients: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT05529875]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-10-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to In the early stage of the research, this research was limited by the application permission of research drugs and instruments, and the research will have to be interrupted, which is extremely regrettable.)
Perioperative Multimodal General Anesthesia Focusing on Specific CNS Targets in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgeries[NCT04016740]	Early Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-20	Completed
The Safety and Feasibility of Delivering Xenon to Patients Before and After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Implantation: a Pilot Study[NCT01285271]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
Investigation of the DNA Methylation Profile in Children Who Presented Emergence Delirium[NCT03787849]		175 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-24	Completed
Caudal Versus Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate In The Prevention OF Emergence Agitation After Sevoflurane Anesthesia For Lower Abdominal Surgeries In Children.[NCT03846284]		93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-08	Active, not recruiting
The Clarus Video System (Trachway) and Direct Laryngoscope for Endotracheal Intubation With Cricoid Pressure in Simulated Rapid Sequence Induction Intubation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03841890]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-04	Completed
The Quality of Recovery After General Anesthesia With Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Endoscopic Ureteral Lithotripsy[NCT04712162]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-19	Completed
The Effect of Desflurane vs Sevoflurane on Perioperative Respiratory Complications in Laryngeal Mask Airway Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Double-blinded Control Study[NCT03006250]	Phase 4	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Recruiting
Comparing the Efficacy Between Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Miantainance of Spontaneous General Anaesthesia Using Ambu Aura Gain in Paediatrics Patients[NCT04771962]	Phase 1/Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
Emergence Delirium in Children: a Randomized Clinical Trial of Different Doses of Sevoflurane During Induction of Anesthesia[NCT02707016]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Recruiting
KETODEX for Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Outpatient Strabismus Surgery[NCT03779282]		90 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-02-15	Completed
"Implementation of a Cognitive Training Program in the Elderly to Reduce the Risk of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elective Non-cardiac Surgery "[NCT03620968]		225 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-10	Completed
Emergence Times and Airway Reactions in General Laryngeal Mask Airway Anesthesia: a Randomized Multicenter Controlled Trial (ACC Baxter)[NCT02322502]	Phase 3	352 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
[NCT01886664]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
Comparison Between the Effect of Target-controlled Infusion of Propofol and Sevoflurane as Maintenance of Anesthesia to Intraoperative Hemodynamic Profile of Renal Transplant Recipient[NCT03214653]		23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Completed
Cardioprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Patients With ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a Double-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT04912518]		250 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-27	Recruiting
Comparison of the Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Inhalation Anesthesia on Lymphocytes in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Resection and the Mechanism Involved: a Single-center, Randomized, Prospective Study[NCT03193710]		260 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2017-09-01	Recruiting
Does Intraoperative Clonidine Reduce Post Operative Agitation in Children Anaesthetised With Sevoflurane? A RCT Including Pharmacokinetic Investigation.[NCT02361476]	Phase 4	379 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Clonidine for Tourniquet-related Pain in Children: A Pilot Study[NCT04564430]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Recruiting
Optimal Dose of Combination of Rocuronium and Cisatracurium: A Randomized Double-blinded Clinical Trial[NCT02495038]		81 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
Phase 1 Study of Antiinflammatory Effect of Sevoflurane in Open Lung Surgery With One-Lung Ventilation[NCT02188407]	Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
[NCT02909413]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Prospective Cohort Study Evaluating Incidence and Correlation Between Pain and Emergence Delirium After Adenotonsillectomy in Preschool Children[NCT01096797]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Effectivity of 0.5 mg/kg Propofol in the End of Anesthesia to Reduce the Incidence of Postanesthetic Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Patients Under General Inhalation Anesthesia[NCT03528954]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-31	Completed
Effect of Two Plasma Concentrations of Remifentanil Through Target Controlled Anesthesia on Frequency and Intensity of Coughing During Extubation: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT02711904]	Phase 4	110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
[NCT01506622]		222 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
The Value of Pressure Support on Ventilation Inhomogeneity and Lung Function in Patients Under Spontaneous Breathing (SB)Across Laryngeal Mask Airway[NCT02986269]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-13	Completed
Evaluating Stress Response and Anxiety Score in Paediatric Patients Sedated With Intranasal Dexmedetomidine[NCT04526652]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-01	Completed
Comparing Intranasal Dexmedetomidine With Oral Midazolam as Premedication for Older Children Undergoing General Anesthesia for Dental Rehabilitation[NCT02250703]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
[NCT00924222]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
Efficiency of Intravenous Lidocaine to Reduce Coughing and the Hemodynamic Changes Associated to Tracheal Extubation[NCT03731429]	Phase 4	144 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-04-05	Recruiting
Reduction of no Flow Time During Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest by Using Laryngeal Tube for Airway Management by Nurses.[NCT01295749]	Phase 3	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-31	Completed
Does Bispectral Index Improve Surgical Conditions During Fast Track Gynecological Benign Laparoscopies[NCT03911544]		160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-01	Completed
Namenda as Prevention for Post-Operative Delirium[NCT00303433]	Phase 4	30 participants	Interventional	2006-03-31	Terminated
Effect of Remifentanil on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery[NCT01627873]	Phase 4	622 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Low Dose Fentanyl/Midazolam Improves Sevoflurane Induction in Adults[NCT00723164]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-10-31	Completed
Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Endotracheal Intubation for Inhalational Anesthesia Without the Use of Muscle Relaxants or Analgesics[NCT03112564]		91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-01	Completed
Cognitive Functions After TIVA With Dexmedetomidine[NCT02631135]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
Anesthesiological Strategies in Elective Craniotomy: Randomized, Equivalence, Open Trial[NCT00741351]	Phase 3	411 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Utility of Oral Dexmedetomidine as the Sole Sedative Agent in Pediatric Population Undergoing MRI[NCT05619627]	Phase 1	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-01	Not yet recruiting
Dexmedetomidine Versus Magnesium Infusion in Reducing Agitations in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy[NCT05164627]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-08	Active, not recruiting
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Decreases Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Patients After Sevoflurane Based General Anesthesia[NCT00778063]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Terminated (stopped due to Difficulty enrolling patients)
Use of Intraoperative Clonidine for Prevention of Postoperative Agitation in Pedriatic Anesthesia With Sevoflurane.[NCT02181543]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Use of Dexmedetomidine for Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing General Anesthesia for Endovascular Interventional Neuroradiologic Procedures[NCT00857727]	Phase 3	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Use of Dexmedetomidine Infusion for Analgesia and Emergence Agitation for Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy and Adenotonsillectomy[NCT00468052]	Phase 3	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Acupuncture for the Prevention of Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Myringotomy Tube Placement[NCT02383004]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion in the Management of Post-operative Pain in Colorectal Patients[NCT01836614]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to Study was closed due to recommendations of performing a PK study first.)
The Effect of Perioperative Systemic Lidocaine on Quality of Recovery After Cesarean Delivery[NCT02257346]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-01	Withdrawn (stopped due to PI terminated study with no subjects enrolled.)
Effectivness of Tramadol or Topic Lidocaine on Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection.[NCT05831761]		83 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-01	Completed
Intravenous Lidocaine for Perioperative and Postoperative Analgesia[NCT03921567]	Phase 4	520 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-04-15	Recruiting
Analgesic Effect of Perioperative Systemic Lidocaine in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Mastectomy Surgery[NCT00913003]	Phase 4	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Terminated (stopped due to PI terminated employment with the University)
The Effect of Perioperative Systemic Lidocaine on Quality of Recovery After Outpatient Gynecologic Laparoscopy[NCT01250002]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion for Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic and Open Pancreatectomies[NCT02623803]	Phase 4	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
Intravenous Lidocaine for Postoperative Recovery in Liver Surgery, a Randomized Double Blinded Placebo-controlled Study[NCT05153785]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-15	Recruiting
The Study of Perioperative Intravenous Infusion of Lidocaine on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Single-port Thoracoscopic[NCT04043624]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-01	Recruiting
Effect of Intravenous Lignocaine Infusion on Intraoperative End Tidal Desflurane Concentration Requirements: A Randomised Double-Blinded Controlled Study[NCT06064331]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-21	Completed
Intravenous Lignocaine Infusion as a Multimodal Analgesic Approach in Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy[NCT04052867]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-17	Recruiting
Intravenous Lignocaine as an Analgesic Adjunct in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery (IGNITE-AIS Study)[NCT04931433]	Phase 4	102 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-24	Recruiting
The Influence of Anesthesia on Postoperative Outcome and Complications in Colorectal Cancer Patients[NCT02786329]	Early Phase 1	450 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Recruiting
Effect of Peroperative Intravenous Infusion of Lignocaine on the Quality of Postoperative Sleep[NCT03317912]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion in Children[NCT02241096]	Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Terminated (stopped due to Lack of available study participants.)
IRB-HSR# 13957: IV Lidocaine for Patients Undergoing Primary Breast Cancer Surgery: Effects on Postoperative Recovery and Cancer Recurrence[NCT01204242]	Phase 2	78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-01	Completed
Optimierung Der Kardioprotektion Durch Inhalative Anästhetika Eine Untersuchung Bei Patienten Mit Diabetes Mellitus während Off-pump Herzchirurgie[NCT02407626]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Terminated (stopped due to Very low patient recruitment, changed insurance requirements)
Can Propofol Reduce Respiratory Adverse Events During Extubation in Children With Tonsillectomy? A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study[NCT05769842]		240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Not yet recruiting
The Comparison of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Inhalation Anesthesia Procedures Used in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeries in View of Postoperative Complications and the Recovery Period[NCT03187717]		583 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-01-01	Completed
Sevoflurane as an Anesthetic During Dilation and Evacuation Procedures: Does it Increase Blood Loss and Interventions for Blood Loss and Why Do Anesthesiologists Choose to Use It?[NCT01048658]	Phase 4	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial of the Effects in Oxygenation and Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Sevoflurane in Patient's Whit ARDS Secondary to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2)[NCT04998253]	Early Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-01	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine or Sevoflurane Add to Dexmedetomidine-based Sedation for Ophthalmology Procedure in Children[NCT05321160]		116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-10	Completed
EEG to Monitor Propofol Anesthetic Depth in Infants and Toddlers[NCT05701748]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-03	Recruiting
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality to Reduce Pre-Operative Anxiety[NCT04268914]		450 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-12-04	Suspended (stopped due to The AR technology we were using is now out of business and we are trying to use a different device.)
Which is the Better Choice for Extubation in Pediatric Patients: Proactive or Passive?[NCT04432701]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-10	Enrolling by invitation
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Amount used (NCT02361476)
Timeframe: Recorded during the stay in the postoperative recovery room

First Administration of Fentanyl or Morphine

Pain Assessment

Intervention	mg morphine equivalents (Mean)
Intervention	0.46
Placebo	0.7

Intervention	MEDIAN time (min) to administration (Median)
Intervention	105
Placebo	60

"Pain score used:~FLACC score = Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Score ranges from 0 to 10 (severity increases with increasing score) Pain is FLACC score more than 3" (NCT02361476)
Timeframe: recovery room - hours

Postoperative Agitation

Intervention	Pain Score (Mean)
Intervention	1.57
Placebo	2.45

Measured by Watchae Scale (score 1-4), scores 1-2 = no agitation and scores 3-4 = agitated (NCT02361476)
Timeframe: 1 day

Adverse Events

Additional Rescue Doses Per Hour Ratio.

Intervention	participants with agitation (Number)
Intervention	46
Placebo	86

Intervention	participants (Number)
	adverse events	serious adverse events	Treated for low blood pressure
Intervention	0	2	0
Placebo	5	2	0

Additional Rescue Doses Per Hour Ratio is the number per hour of addition of rescue dose administrated with 10% of initial NMBAs dose. The formula is {(Addition number + 1 / Anesthetic time) x 60}. (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Intraoperative, an average of 3 hours.

Anesthetic Time

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
Intubating Dose, Group I	1.43455
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	1.21014
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	0.82128

Time from induction to recovery of anesthesia, asessed up to 3 hours. (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Intraoperative, an average 4 hours.

Bispectral Index

Intervention	Minute (Mean)
Intubating Dose, Group I	163.0
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	159.9
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	161.4

"The BIS monitor provides a single dimensionless number, which ranges from 0 (equivalent to EEG silence) to 100. A BIS value between 40 and 60 indicates an appropriate level for general anesthesia, as recommended by the manufacturer.~Before induction of anesthesia, bispectral index was measured for baseline. And after injection of NMBAs, bispectral index was measured at 10 min." (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Before and after induction of anesthesia, an average 10 min.

Body Temperature

Intervention	BIS score (Mean)
Intubating Dose, Group I	46.0
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	46.1
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	44.3

"Before induction of anesthesia, body temperature was measured for baseline by oral temperature probe.~And after injection of NMBAs, non invasive blood pressure was measured at 10 min by esophageal temperature probe." (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Before and after induction of anesthesia, an average 10 min.

Duration 25% of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents(NMBAs)

Intervention	Celcius degree (Mean)
Intubating Dose, Group I	36.3
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	36.3
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	36.3

Time from administration of initial NMBAs to Train-of-four (TOF) ratio >25%, assessed up to 2 hours during general anesthesia. (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Intraoperative, an average of 1 hours

Onset of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents(NMBAs)

Intervention	Minute (Mean)
Intubating Dose, Group I	51.3
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	47.9
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	39.4

Time from administration of initial NMBAs to Train-of-four (TOF) ratio=0, assessed up to 15 minutes during general anesthesia. (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Intraoperative, an average of 5 minutes

Operation Time

Intervention	Second (Mean)
Intubating Dose, Group I	212.8
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	230.1
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	399.3

Time from skin incision to wound dressing assessed up to 8 hours. (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Intraoperative, an average of 3 hours.

Peripheral Oxygen Saturation

Intervention	Minute (Mean)
Intubating Dose, Group I	151.8
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	147.0
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	145.9

"Before induction of anesthesia, peripheral oxygen saturation was measured for baseline.~And after injection of NMBAs, peripheral oxygen saturation was measured at 10 min." (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Before and after induction of anesthesia, an average 10 min.

Recovery Index of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents(NMBAs)

Intervention	Percentage (Mean)
Intubating Dose, Group I	100
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	99.9
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	100

Time from TOF ratio 25% to 75%, assessed up to 1 hour during general anesthesia. (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Intraoperative, an average of 20 minutes

Non Invasive Blood Pressure,

Intervention	Minute (Mean)
Intubating Dose, Group I	15.9
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	16.2
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	14.1

"Before induction of anesthesia, non invasive blood pressure was measured for baseline.~And after injection of NMBAs, non invasive blood pressure was measured at 10 min." (NCT02495038)
Timeframe: Before and after induction of anesthesia, an average 10 min.

University of Michigan Sedation Scale

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Systolic pressure	Diastolic pressure
10% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group S	128.3	76.7
20% Reduction of Combination of Esmeron® and Nimbex®, Group L	128.4	74.8
Intubating Dose, Group I	128.3	75.6

"Level of sedation at separation from parents and at the time of mask induction will be measured on a scale of 0 to 4 (University of Michigan Sedation Scale)~University of Michigan Sedation Scale:~0 -Awake/Alert~1 -Minimally Sedated: Tired/sleepy, appropriate response to verbal conversation and/or sounds.~2- Moderately Sedated: Somnolent/sleeping, easily aroused with light tactile stimulation.~3 - Deeply Sedated: Deep sleep, arousable only with significant physical stimulation.~4 - Unarousable~Moderately and Deeply sedated: Satisfactory Awake, minimally sedate, unarousable: Unsatisfactory" (NCT02250703)
Timeframe: Day 0:Just before the patient will be brought to the operating room

Length of Anesthesia

Length of Surgery

Total Fentanyl

Total Propofol

Total Sevoflurane

Total Study Drug

Weight

Number of Participants With Emergence Delirium

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Satisfactory sedation on separation from parents	Unsatisfactory sedation on separation from parents	Satisfactory sedation on transfer to OR table	Unsatisfactory sedation on transfer to OR table
Dexmedetomidine	25	11	22	14
Midazolam	15	22	12	25

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Drug	199
Control	215

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Drug	58
Control	86

Intervention	mcg/kg (Mean)
Drug	2.33
Control	2.36

Intervention	mg/kg (Mean)
Drug	2.11
Control	2.41

Intervention	ml/kg (Mean)
Drug	3.67
Control	6.80

Intervention	mcg/kg (Mean)
Drug	1.55
Control	1.43

Intervention	kg (Mean)
Drug	21.8
Control	18.5

Emergence Delirium (ED) during the 15-45min. post-op period as assessed by the Cole Score. (Cole Score 3-5 = ED). The Cole Scale is an ordinal ranking of ED (1=sleeping; 2=awake, calm; 3=irritable, crying; 4=inconsolable, crying; 5=severe restlessness, disorientation). (NCT00857727)
Timeframe: 15-45 minutes post-op

Duration of Agitation

Intervention	participants (Number)
	ED	No ED
Control	7	7
Drug	1	13

Cole EA scale 1=calm , 5=unconsolable (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: on arrival to PACU and for 2 hours postoperatively

Number of Participants With SpO2 < or Equal to 95%

Participants Requiring Morphine Rescue in PACU

Time to Awaken

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Fentanyl	11.85
Dexmedetomidine	6.59

Intervention	participants (Number)
Fentanyl	2
Dexmedetomidine	4

Intervention	participants (Number)
Fentanyl	25
Dexmedetomidine	11

defined as spontaneous eye opening or on command (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: at end of surgery

Time to Extubation

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Fentanyl (F) Group	8.75
Dexmedetomidine	7.18

defined as time from end of surgery to tracheal extubation (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: at end of surgical procedure

Emergence Agitation and Pain

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Fentanyl (F) Group	10.44
Dexmedetomidine	8.59

"emergence agitation and pain will be assessed. Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAED) range 0-20 a lower score indicates the child is calm and the higher score indicates severe agitation. Cole Agitation Scale was employed which is a 5 point Likert scale. Parameters ranging 1 to 5 1=child is calm and 5 =the child is severly agitated .~Objective Pain Score range is 0-10 (higher score the greater pain). 3 Parameters are captured systolic b/p,crying, movements, agitation , complaints of pain" (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: On arrival to PACU and 2 hours postoperatively

Hemodynamic Stability

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	PAED	Cole EA	OPS
Dexmedetomidine	10	3	3
Fentanyl (F) Group	14	4	5

Participants whose heart rate per minute was below 60 intraoperatively. Participants whose systolic blood pressure dremonstrated < 30% decrease from baseline and sustained for 5 minutes received rescue as defined by the protocol. (NCT00468052)
Timeframe: intraoperatively

24 Hour Hydromorphone

Intervention	participants (Number)
	heart rate below 60 bpm	systolic blood pressure <30% below baseline
Dexmedetomidine	0	0
Fentanyl (F) Group	0	0

Total IV hydromorphone administered during surgery to 24 hours post surgery (NCT00913003)
Timeframe: 24 hour

Number of Participants Experiencing Post Operative Ileus

Number of Participants Experiencing Post Operative Nausea

Intervention	miligrams (Mean)
Placebo	2.33
Lidocaine	1.5

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Placebo	0
Lidocaine	0

Nausea at any time during the post operative period for 48 hours (NCT00913003)
Timeframe: Immediate post operative to 48 hours

Opioid Consumption (Morphine Equivalents)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Placebo	11
Lidocaine	11

opioid consumption (morphine equivalents)post operatively (NCT01250002)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Quality of Recovery 40 Score

Intervention	mg (Median)
Group A (Study Group) Lidocaine	20
Placebo	30

Quality of recovery 40 score on the day after surgery. Scale ranges from a low of 40 (poor recovery) to a high of 200 (good recovery). (NCT01250002)
Timeframe: 24 hours post surgery

Length of Time to First Bowel Movement

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Group A (Study Group) Lidocaine	175
Placebo	157.5

Time of first instance of a bowel movement will be measured as the number of days post operatively for bowel function to return. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: up to 3 weeks postoperatively

Length of Time to First Flatus

Intervention	days (Mean)
Treatment Group	5.8
Control Group	5.2

Time of first instance of flatus will be measured as the number of days post operatively for bowel function to return. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: up to 3 weeks postoperatively

Opioid Consumption

Intervention	days (Mean)
Treatment Group	3.9
Control Group	2.7

Total opioid consumption in PACU converted to morphine equivalents in mg. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: up to 4 hours post-operatively

Overall Pain

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Treatment Group	3.9
Control Group	6.7

Overall pain will be measured 30 minutes after arrival at the post-operative care unit (PACU) using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after arrival to PACU

Overall Pain

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Group	3.3
Control Group	5.3

Overall pain will be measured approximately 12 hours post-operatively using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: approximately 12 hours post-operatively

Overall Pain

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Group	4.4
Control Group	5.4

Overall pain will be measured on post-operative day 1 at 1 pm using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: post-operative day 1 at 1 pm

Overall Pain

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Group	4.8
Control Group	4.8

Overall pain will be measured on post-operative day 1 at 1am using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: post-operative day 1 at 1am

Overall Pain in Postoperative Period

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Group	5.1
Control Group	5.5

Overall pain will be measured upon arrival at the post-operative care unit (PACU) using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: baseline - arrival at the PACU

Pain at Rest

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Group	1.6
Control Group	2.7

Pain at rest will be measured 30 minutes after arrival at the post-operative care unit (PACU) using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after arrival to PACU

Pain at Rest

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Group	3.3
Control Group	5.1

Pain at rest will be measured approximately 12 hours post-operatively using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: approximately 12 hours post-operatively

Pain at Rest

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Group	4.0
Control Group	5.0

Pain at rest will be measured at post-operative day 1 at 1 pm using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: post-operative day 1 at 1 pm

Pain at Rest

Pain at rest will be measured on post-operative day 1 at 1 am using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: post-operative day 1 at 1 am

Pain at Rest

Pain will be measured at rest upon arrival at the post-operative care unit (PACU) using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: baseline - arrival at the PACU

Pain With Coughing

Pain with coughing will be measured 30 minutes after arrival at the post-operative care unit (PACU) using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after arrival to PACU

Pain With Coughing

Pain with coughing will be measured approximately 12 hours post-operatively using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: approximately 12 hours post-operatively

Pain With Coughing

Pain with coughing will be measured on post-operative day 1 at 1 am using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: post-operative day 1 at 1 am

Pain With Coughing

Pain with coughing will be measured on post-operative day 1 at 1 pm using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: post-operative day 1 at 1 pm

Pain With Coughing

Pain with coughing will be measured upon arrival at the post-operative care unit (PACU) using numerical rating scale (NSR). Subjects will rate their pain after surgery on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: baseline - arrival at the PACU

Total Opioid Consumption

Total amount of opioids converted to morphine equivalents in mg administered in the first 24 hours after surgery. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: up to 24 hours post-operatively

Quality of Recovery

This questionnaire is a short 15 question form that measures the quality of a subject's postoperative recovery. The scale is ranked from 0 to 10, where 0 is a poor response and 10 is an excellent response. (NCT02623803)
Timeframe: Day 15 post-operatively

Number of Participants Experiencing Side Effects (Nausea, Dizziness)

Number of Participants Needing Intervention to Treat Blood Loss (a Composite of Use of Uterotonics, Re-aspiration, and Bimanual Massage)

Provider report for need to intervene due to blood loss (yes/no) (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: At time of uterine evacuation and immediately post-operatively, an average of 7.1 minutes

Number of Participants With Estimated Blood Loss Greater Than 300 mL (Yes/no)

Procedural blood loss greater than 300 mL. Blood loss was measured in a standardized fashion (amniotic fluid was discarded, blood was separated from tissue, and all gauze surgical drapes weighed). (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: At time of uterine evacuation, an average of 7.1 minutes

Procedure Time: T-test (Time of Speculum Placement to Time Speculum Removed)

Length of procedure from time of speculum placement to time of speculum removal, in minutes. (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: Time of speculum place to time of speculum removal, an average of 7.1 minutes

Patient and Provider Satisfaction With Anesthesia

Scores reported on 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS anchors: 0= not satisfied at all, 10= completely satisfied) . Reported as mean +/- standard deviation. Subjects and providers were blinded to anesthesia method. Subjects and providers completed post-operative questionnaire within 30 minutes of procedure completion. (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: Post-procedure, within 30 minutes

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	Able to breathe easily	Been able to enjoy food	Feeling rested	Have had a good sleep	Able to look after personal toliet and hygiene	Able to communicate with family or friends	Getting support from hospital doctors and nurse	Able to return to work or usual home activities	Feeling comfortable and in control	Having a feeling of general well-being	Moderate pain	Severe pain	Nausea or vomiting	Feeling worried or anxious	Feeling sad or depressed
Control Group	8.7	5.4	6.0	6.6	8.8	9.3	9.5	4.9	6.7	6.7	6.6	8.8	8.2	7.6	7.8
Treatment Group	9.1	6.2	7.2	7.1	9.2	9.6	8.8	5.4	7.1	7.5	7.9	9.4	8.6	7.7	8.4

Intervention	cm (Mean)
	Provider Satisfaction	Patient Satisfaction
No Sevoflurane	9.3	8.2
Sevoflurane	9.4	8.4

Article	Year
Effects of propofol and inhaled anesthetics on postoperative complications for the patients undergoing one lung ventilation: A meta-analysis. PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:10 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Humans; One-Lung Ventilation; Postoperative Compl	2022
Preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction using anesthetic drugs in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of surgery (London, England), 2023, Jan-01, Volume: 109, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Postoperative Cognitive Complications; Posto	2023
A systematic review: comparative analysis of the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients with lung cancer. BMC cancer, 2019, Dec-23, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Age Factors; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cogni	2019
Outcomes of cancer surgery after inhalational and intravenous anesthesia: A systematic review. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 42 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2017
Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 08-21, Volume: 8 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intrave	2018
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Review Comparing the Effects of Desflurane and Sevflurane. Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 2018, Volume: 33, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cognitive Dysfunction; Desflurane; Humans	2018
Is time to change to halogenated drugs in cardiac surgery, what do we have to do with propofol? Current pharmaceutical design, 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:34 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiotonic	2014
The effects of sevoflurane or remifentanil on the stress response to surgical stimulus. Current pharmaceutical design, 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:34 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Humans; Methyl Ethers; Oxidative Stress;	2014
Meta-analysis of protective effect of sevoflurane on myocardium during cardiac surgery. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2014, Volume: 18, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cardiac Output; Cardiac Surg	2014
Anesthetic considerations and airway management in a professional singer: case report and brief review. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2015, Volume: 62, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Management; Androstanols; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Dysphonia; Fenta	2015
Comparison of early recovery and cognitive function after desflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia in elderly patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The Journal of international medical research, 2015, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Cognition; Desflurane; Humans; Isoflurane; Methyl E	2015
Meta-analysis of the cardioprotective effect of sevoflurane versus propofol during cardiac surgery. BMC anesthesiology, 2015, Sep-24, Volume: 15 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Output; Cardiac Surg	2015
Agitation on emergence from sevoflurane anaesthesia can be reduced. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2016, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hu	2016
Anaesthesia in patients with liver disease. Current opinion in anaesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia; Desflurane; Elective Surgical Procedures; End Stage Liver Disease; Humans; Hypnotics and	2017
Inhaled anesthesia and cognitive performance. Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998), 2009, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cognition Disorders; Desflurane; Humans; Isoflurane; Met	2009
Inhalational anesthesia vs total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) for pediatric anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2009
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
[Pediatric cardiac anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 59 Suppl Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiac Surgical	2010
Sevoflurane in intraoperative and postoperative cardiac surgery patients. Our experience in intensive care unit with sevoflurane sedation. Current pharmaceutical design, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:22 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Intraoperativ	2013
Sevoflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical use in general anaesthesia. Drugs, 1996, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Central Nervous System; Child; Child, Preschool	1996
Sevoflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical use in general anaesthesia. Drugs, 1996, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Central Nervous System; Child; Child, Preschool	1996
Sevoflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical use in general anaesthesia. Drugs, 1996, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Central Nervous System; Child; Child, Preschool	1996
Sevoflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical use in general anaesthesia. Drugs, 1996, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Central Nervous System; Child; Child, Preschool	1996
A meta-analysis of nausea and vomiting following maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol or inhalational agents. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Desflurane; Humans; In	1998
Excitation phenomena during induction and recovery using sevoflurane in paediatric patients. Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 2000, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Hemodynamics; Humans; Methyl Ether	2000
[Remifentanil in heart surgery]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2001, Volume: 48, Issue:10 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intrave	2001

sevoflurane and Complication, Postoperative

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (299)

Authors

Clinical Trials (79)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Fentanyl and Morphine Requirements

First Administration of Fentanyl or Morphine

Pain Assessment

Postoperative Agitation

Adverse Events

Additional Rescue Doses Per Hour Ratio.

Anesthetic Time

Bispectral Index

Body Temperature

Duration 25% of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents(NMBAs)

Onset of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents(NMBAs)

Operation Time

Peripheral Oxygen Saturation

Recovery Index of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents(NMBAs)

Non Invasive Blood Pressure,

University of Michigan Sedation Scale

Length of Anesthesia

Length of Surgery

Total Fentanyl

Total Propofol

Total Sevoflurane

Total Study Drug

Weight

Number of Participants With Emergence Delirium

Duration of Agitation

Number of Participants With SpO2 < or Equal to 95%

Participants Requiring Morphine Rescue in PACU

Time to Awaken

Time to Extubation

Emergence Agitation and Pain

Hemodynamic Stability

24 Hour Hydromorphone

Number of Participants Experiencing Post Operative Ileus

Number of Participants Experiencing Post Operative Nausea

Opioid Consumption (Morphine Equivalents)

Quality of Recovery 40 Score

Length of Time to First Bowel Movement

Length of Time to First Flatus

Opioid Consumption

Overall Pain

Overall Pain

Overall Pain

Overall Pain

Overall Pain in Postoperative Period

Pain at Rest

Pain at Rest

Pain at Rest

Pain at Rest

Pain at Rest

Pain With Coughing

Pain With Coughing

Pain With Coughing

Pain With Coughing

Pain With Coughing

Total Opioid Consumption

Quality of Recovery

Number of Participants Experiencing Side Effects (Nausea, Dizziness)

Number of Participants Needing Intervention to Treat Blood Loss (a Composite of Use of Uterotonics, Re-aspiration, and Bimanual Massage)

Number of Participants With Estimated Blood Loss Greater Than 300 mL (Yes/no)

Procedure Time: T-test (Time of Speculum Placement to Time Speculum Removed)

Patient and Provider Satisfaction With Anesthesia

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies