Page last updated: 2024-10-24
dipeptide import across plasma membrane
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of a dipeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [PMID:22226946]
Dipeptide import across the plasma membrane is a crucial process for cells, allowing them to obtain essential amino acids for protein synthesis and other metabolic functions. This process is facilitated by specific transport proteins embedded within the plasma membrane, known as dipeptide transporters. These transporters exhibit high selectivity for dipeptides, which are molecules composed of two amino acids linked together by a peptide bond. The mechanism of dipeptide import involves a series of steps. First, the dipeptide binds to the transporter protein on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. This binding event triggers a conformational change in the transporter, opening a channel that allows the dipeptide to enter the cell. The movement of the dipeptide across the membrane is driven by a concentration gradient, with dipeptides moving from an area of high concentration outside the cell to an area of lower concentration inside the cell. Once the dipeptide has entered the cytoplasm, it is typically hydrolyzed into its constituent amino acids by intracellular peptidases. These amino acids can then be used for various cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, energy production, or biosynthesis of other essential molecules. The efficiency of dipeptide import can be influenced by several factors, including the concentration of dipeptides in the extracellular environment, the activity of the dipeptide transporters, and the presence of inhibitors that can block transporter function. Disruptions in dipeptide import can have significant consequences for cellular health, affecting protein synthesis, metabolic homeostasis, and overall cell survival. This process is essential for maintaining cellular function and is a critical aspect of amino acid metabolism.'
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Proteins (3)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Cystine/glutamate transporter | A cystine/glutamate transporter that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UPY5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Solute carrier family 15 member 2 | A solute carrier family 15 member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16348] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Solute carrier family 15 member 1 | A solute carrier family 15 member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P46059] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (131)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| aminolevulinic acid | 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp. Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS. | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid | antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 5-aminovaleric acid | 5-aminopentanoic acid : A delta-amino acid comprising pentanoic acid with an amino substituent at C-5; a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist. 5-aminovaleric acid: from red fox anal secretion; RN given refers to parent cpd | amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | human metabolite |
| alanylalanine | alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | dipeptide | |
| mesalamine | mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| sulfapyridine | sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases. | pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide; sulfonamide antibiotic | antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfasalazine | sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907) | ||
| cephaloridine | cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic. | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| floxuridine | floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| cysteine | cysteine; cysteine zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite | |
| penicillin g | benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission. | penicillin; penicillin allergen | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| cephalothin | cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections. Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic. | azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
| levodopa | L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| cloxacillin | cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6. Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN. | penicillin; penicillin allergen; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug |
| oxacillin | oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta. Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections. | penicillin | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug |
| ampicillin | ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin; penicillin allergen | antibacterial drug |
| penicillin v | Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain. | penicillin; penicillin allergen | |
| aminopenicillanic acid | 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics. aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | amino acid zwitterion; penicillanic acids | allergen |
| glycyl-glycyl-glycine | glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence. | tripeptide; tripeptide zwitterion | |
| glycylglycine | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | human metabolite | |
| levulinic acid | 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position. levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316 | oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | plant metabolite |
| dicloxacillin | dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group. Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE. | dichlorobenzene; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| cyclacillin | Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID. | penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| floxacillin | Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain. | penicillin; penicillin allergen | antibacterial drug |
| cephalexin | cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract. Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| cephapirin | cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| cefazolin | cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine. | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles | antibacterial drug |
| amoxicillin | amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration. | penicillin; penicillin allergen | antibacterial drug |
| cephradine | cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton. Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| methyldopa | alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent. | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent |
| quisqualic acid | Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| cefmetazole | cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure. Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted. | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| piperacillin | piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group. Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics. | penicillin; penicillin allergen | antibacterial drug |
| moxalactam | moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents. Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections. | cephalosporin; oxacephem | antibacterial drug |
| cefadroxil anhydrous | cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative. | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| cefaclor anhydrous | cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN. | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| tyrosyltyrosine | Tyr-Tyr : Tyrosyltyrosine in which each tyrosine residue has L-configuration. tyrosyltyrosine : A dipeptide comprising tyrosine with a tyrosyl residue attached to the alpha-nitrogen. tyrosyltyrosine: RN given refers to all-(L)-isomer | tyrosyltyrosine | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| leucyl-glycyl-glycine | Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence. leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer | tripeptide | metabolite |
| glycyl-histidyl-lysine | Gly-His-Lys : A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence. glycyl-histidyl-lysine: found in human plasma; promotes proliferation of hepatoma cells, lymphocytes & mycoplsma; maintains viability of hepatocytes, eosinophils and macrophages; inhibits growth of glial cells; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | tripeptide | chelator; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; vulnerary |
| leucylleucine | Leu-Leu : A dipeptide formed from two L-leucine residues. | dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| tamiflu | phosphate salt | ||
| leucyl-alanine | Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| alanylproline | alanylproline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| phenylalanylphenylalanylamide | |||
| Trp-Trp | Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues. tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent | dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| glycyltryptophan | Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues. glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycyltyrosine | Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylleucine | Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| alanyltyrosine | Ala-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage. alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycyl-l-phenylalanine | Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues. glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | human metabolite; metabolite |
| glycylsarcosine | glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine. | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | |
| alanylphenylalanine | alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| prolyl-glycyl-glycine | prolyl-glycyl-glycine: structure given in first source | oligopeptide | |
| tryptophylglycine | Trp-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and glycine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylaspartic acid | glycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| n-glycylglutamic acid | Gly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues. N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| histidylglycine | His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues. histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| histidinoalanine | histidinoalanine: cross-linking amino acid in calcified tissue collagen; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| valylvaline | Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues. valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine | Tyr-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-tyrosine and two glycine residues joined in sequence. tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to L-isomer; this may not be the same as IMREG-1 | tripeptide; tripeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| glycyl-leucyl-phenylalanine | glycyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: an immunostimulatory peptide; RN given refer to all (L)-isomer | oligopeptide | |
| lysyllysine | Lys-Lys : A dipeptide formed from two L-lysine residues. lysyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer | dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| alanylglutamic acid | alanylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide consisting of L-glutamic acid having an L-alanyl attached to its alpha-amino group | dipeptide | |
| prolylarginine | Pro-Arg : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-arginine residues. prolylarginine: fragment of tuftsin peptide with analgesic action; RN given refers to all L-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| aspartylglycine | Asp-Gly : A dipeptide composed of L-aspartic acid and glycine joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| arginylarginine | Arg-Arg : A dipeptide formed from two L-arginine residues. | dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| prolyl-tyrosine | Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues. prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source | dipeptide | metabolite |
| serine o-sulfate | L-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine. serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-sulfoamino acid | |
| n-valyltryptophan | N-valyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | peptide | |
| homocysteic acid | homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid. homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration. | homocysteic acid | NMDA receptor agonist |
| prolylglutamic acid | Pro-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-glutamic acid residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| carnosine | polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth | amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| cysteinylglycine | cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83 L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism. | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glutamyl-glutamic acid | Glu-Glu : A dipeptide composed of two L-glutamic acid units joined by a peptide linkage. glutamyl-glutamic acid: RN given for (L,L)-isomer | dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| cefoxitin | cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase. Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| 7-aminocephalosporanic acid | 7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid : The alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is the active nucleus for the synthesis of cephalosporins and intermediates. | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion | |
| cefamandole | cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups. Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate. | cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| aspartyl-aspartic acid | Asp-Asp : A dipeptide formed from two L-aspartic acid units. aspartyl-aspartic acid: do not confuse with cyclo(Asp-Asp) | dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| cefsulodin | cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients. | cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide | antibacterial drug |
| n-glycylalanine | Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylproline | Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group. | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| glycyllysine | Gly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues. glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| trimethionine | oligopeptide | ||
| susalimod | susalimod: analogue of sulphasalazine, was designed for use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis | ||
| seryl-proline | Ser-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-serine and L-proline residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| 7432 s | ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections. Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections. | cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid | antibacterial drug |
| cefodizime | cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer | 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor |
| cefixime | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen | |
| enalapril | enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE. | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
| alanyl-alanyl-alanine | Ala-Ala-Ala : A tripeptide composed of three L-alanine units joined by peptide linkages. alanyl-alanyl-alanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | tripeptide | metabolite |
| cefuroxime | 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether | drug allergen | |
| ceftriaxone | 1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor | |
| cefepime | cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA. | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug |
| hr 810 | cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. cefpirome: structure in first source | cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine | |
| ceftazidime | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor | |
| alanylalanine | L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage. | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine | tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine: RN given refers to unlabeled (L-Tyr-D-Ala)-isomer | ||
| phenylalanylalanine | Phe-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine residues. phenylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| acetylalanylalanine | acetylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (D)-isomer | ||
| alpha-aspartylalanine | alpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| alanyltyrosine | Tyr-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-tyrosine and L-alanine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| cefotaxime | cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups. Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| cefpodoxime | carboxylic acid; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug | |
| prolylglycine | L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen. prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | |
| aspartyllysine | Asp-Lys : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-lysine residues. aspartyllysine: from feces of axenic mice | dipeptide | metabolite |
| arginyllysine | Arg-Lys : A dipeptide formed from L-arginyl and L-leucine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| methampicillin | metampicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(2R)-2-(methylideneamino)-2-phenylacetamido side-group. methampicillin: RN given refers to parent cpd(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-isomer | penicillin; penicillin allergen | |
| phenylalanylglycine | Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues. phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glutamylalanine | Glu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| phenylalanylphenylalanine | Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues. | dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion | human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| histidylhistidine | histidylhistidine: RN given for L-,L-isomer | dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| phenylalanyl-valine | Val-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-phenylalanine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| alanylglycine | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite | |
| valyltyrosine | Val-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues. valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate | dipeptide | metabolite |
| lysylglutamic acid | Lys-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and L-glutamic acid residues. lysylglutamic acid: a geroprotective agent | dipeptide | metabolite |
| Ala-Lys | Ala-Lys : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-alanine with the alpha-amino group of L-lysine. | dipeptide | marine metabolite |
| valyl-valyl-valine | peptide | ||
| phenylalanylproline | Phe-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-proline residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| lysylglycine | Lys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues. lysylglycine: structure in first source | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylhistidine | Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage. glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | dipeptide; dipeptide zwitterion | metabolite |
| isoleucyl-tyrosine | Ile-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-tyrosine residues. isoleucyl-tyrosine: a dipeptide with antihypertensive effect | dipeptide | metabolite |
| prolyl-serine | Pro-Ser : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-serine residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| jbp 485 | JBP 485: has antihepatitis activity | ||
| valyl-prolyl-proline | Val-Pro-Pro : A tripeptide composed of L-valine and two L-proline units joined by peptide linkages. | tripeptide | metabolite |
| prolylvaline | Val-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues. | dipeptide | metabolite |
| isoleucyl-prolyl-proline | oligopeptide | ||
| erastin | erastin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4(3H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 3 are replaced by 1-{4-[(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl and 2-ethoxyphenyl groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDAC2 and VDAC3) and a potent ferroptosis inducer. erastin: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | aromatic ether; diether; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; quinazolines; tertiary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer; voltage-dependent anion channel inhibitor |
| isoleucyl-valyl-tyrosine | oligopeptide | ||
| prolyl-proline | Pro-Pro : A dipeptide formed from two L-proline residues. | dipeptide | human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| cephapirin sodium | cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | cephalosporin; organic sodium salt | antibacterial drug |
| valtrex | organic molecular entity | ||
| valacyclovir | Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES. | L-valyl ester | antiviral drug |