lithium-chloride and Heart-Diseases

Cardiac dysfunction is one of the leading causes of death in epilepsy. The anti-arrhythmic drug, amiodarone, is under investigation for its therapeutic effects in epilepsy. We aimed to evaluate the possible effects of amiodarone on cardiac injury during status epilepticus, as it can cause prolongation of the QT interval. Five rat groups were enrolled in the study; three control groups (1) Control, (2) Control-lithium and (3) Control-Amio, treated with 150 mg/kg/intraperitoneal amiodarone, (4) Epilepsy model, induced by sequential lithium/pilocarpine administration, and (5) the epilepsy-Amio group. The model group expressed a typical clinical picture of epileptiform activity confirmed by the augmented electroencephalogram alpha and beta spikes. The anticonvulsive effect of amiodarone was prominent, it diminished (p < 0.001) the severity of seizures and hence, deaths and reduced serum noradrenaline levels. In the model group, the electrocardiogram findings revealed tachycardia, prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval, depressed ST segments and increased myocardial oxidative stress. The in-vitro myocardial performance (contraction force and - (df/dt)

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Amiodarone; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Biomarkers; Epilepsy; Glutathione; Heart Diseases; Interleukin-1; Lithium Chloride; Male; Malondialdehyde; Muscarinic Agonists; Myocardial Contraction; Pilocarpine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase; Troponin I

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major outcome of cardiac dysfunction in patients with epilepsy. In continuation of our previous work, the present study was envisaged to explore the key regulators responsible for cardiac damage associated with chronic seizures using whole transcriptome and proteome analysis in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.. A standard lithium-pilocarpine protocol was used to induce recurrent seizures in rats. The isolated rat heart tissue was subjected to transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. An integrated approach of RNA-Seq, proteomics, and system biology analysis was used to identify key regulators involved in seizure-linked cardiac changes. The analyzed differential expression patterns and network interactions were supported by gene and protein expression studies.. Altogether, 1157 differentially expressed genes and 1264 proteins were identified in the cardiac tissue of epileptic animals through RNA-Seq and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis, respectively. The network analysis revealed seven critical genes-STAT3, Myc, Fos, Erbb2, Erbb3, Notch1, and Mapk8-that could play a role in seizure-mediated cardiac changes. The LC-MS/MS analysis supported the activation of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway in the heart of epileptic animals. Furthermore, our gene and protein expression studies established a key role of STAT3, Erbb, and Mapk8 to develop cardiac changes linked with recurrent seizures.. The present multi-omics study identified STAT3, Mapk8, and Erbb as key regulators involved in seizure-associated cardiac changes. It provided a deeper understanding of molecular, cellular, and network-level operations of the identified regulators that lead to cardiac changes in epilepsy.

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Regulatory Networks; Heart Diseases; Lithium Chloride; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; Muscarinic Agonists; Myocardium; Pilocarpine; Proteome; Proteomics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Rats; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptor, ErbB-3; Receptor, Notch1; RNA-Seq; Signal Transduction; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Time Factors; Transforming Growth Factor beta

To evaluate, in vitro, a method of measuring cardiac output and shunt fraction during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).. Experimental study using an in vitro model.. A teaching hospital.. An ECMO circuit was set up in parallel with a patient circuit consisting of tubing through which saline was circulated from a 50-L reservoir by a pump which was set at 3 L/min to represent cardiac output. A second pump in the ECMO circuit drew saline from the patient circuit and passed it through a membrane oxygenator. The flow from the membrane oxygenator either returned directly to the patient circuit or was diverted, via a third pump, back into the ECMO circuit, thereby producing a shunt.. By adjusting the flow rates of the second (ECMO) and third (shunt) pumps, three shunt fractions of 12%, 25%, and 50% were produced at three different ECMO flow rates. Lithium chloride (0.15 mmol) was injected just downstream of the membrane oxygenator; the lithium ion concentration-time curves were recorded simultaneously in the flow returning to the saline reservoir and in the flow just upstream of the membrane oxygenator using lithium selective electrodes.. Nine pairs of curves were recorded, one pair for each combination of ECMO and shunt flow rates. Analysis of these curves allowed shunt flow and "cardiac output" to be calculated and compared with the flow rates delivered by the pumps. Mean "cardiac output" derived from the lithium dilution curves was 2.98 +/- 0.18 (SD) L/min, compared with a delivered pump flow of 3 L/min. Measured shunt flow = 0.008 + 1.09 x actual shunt flow (R = 0.997).. This method would allow cardiac output and shunt flow to be measured in patients undergoing venovenous ECMO. It could result in better patient management and improved cannula design.

Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Cardiac Output; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Heart; Heart Diseases; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Lithium Chloride; Models, Cardiovascular; Reproducibility of Results

It has been demonstrated in experiments on noninbred rats that lithium chloride and lithium hydroxybutyrate exert a prophylactic therapeutic effect in respect to neurogenic gastric lesions and reduction in the content of creatine phosphate in gastric and cardiac tissues, induced by stressful exposures (3-hour immobilization and electric stimulation of hungry animals). The effects of lithium hydroxybutyrate were more demonstrable than those of lithium chloride.

Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Lithium; Lithium Chloride; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Rats; Stomach Diseases; Stress, Psychological