lithium-chloride and Abnormalities--Drug-Induced

A female is described with oromandibular-limb hypogenesis spectrum. The mother had taken lithium during the pregnancy.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antimanic Agents; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Lithium Chloride; Mandible; Pregnancy

A variety of concentrations of the IMPase inhibitor L690,330 were added to sea urchin embryos. Immediate arrest of development was obtained for concentrations from 7.5 mm on. Concentrations lower than 3.5 mm permitted gastrulation but inhibited skeletogenesis and disturbed elongation along the animal-vegetal axis. The latter results are similar to those obtained by counteracting lithium effect with myoinositol, which are suggested to be due to partial relief of IMPase inhibition.

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Diphosphonates; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Inositol; Lithium Chloride; Morphogenesis; Morula; Sea Urchins

Ocular malformations such as synophthalmia and cyclopia occur in all vertebrates including humans. We induced fused eye anlagen by exposure of Xenopus laevis embryos to dissolved LiCl. Three basic forms of malformations were observed in the rostral CNS; these represent major steps in a continuous sequence of ocular abnormalities: (i) "hour-glass eyes", (ii) synophthalmia, and (iii) cyclopia vera. The type of abnormity induced seemed to depend on the time and/or the dosage of LiCl exposure. In all cases studied, the histology of the retinae was normal. We reconstructed olfactory organs, eyes, and rostral portions of the CNS from serial sections of 16 Xenopus larvae. Our results confirm that defective bilateralization affects all parts of the rostral CNS and suggest that the telencephalon displays the weakest, and the eyes have the highest, resistance against midline fusion. Defective bilateralization also involves the pineal anlagen, as duplication or enlargement of the pineal organs occurred in most cases with ocular fusion. We conclude that LiCl-induced interferences with ontogenetic bilateralization of prosencephalic structures are the consequence of an elimination of an, as yet, undefined bilateralization signal from (ventral) midline structures of the neural plate and tube.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Brain; Central Nervous System; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Eye Abnormalities; Humans; Lithium Chloride; Vertebrates; Xenopus laevis

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Chick Embryo; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lithium; Lithium Chloride