montelukast and Lung-Diseases--Interstitial

This review highlights important advances in paediatric respiratory medicine since 2014, excluding cystic fibrosis. It focuses mainly on the more common conditions, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchiolitis and preschool wheezing, asthma, pneumonia and sleep, and highlights some of the rarer conditions such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Topics: Acetates; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Ciliary Motility Disorders; Cyclopropanes; Humans; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Medication Adherence; Pediatrics; Pulmonary Medicine; Quinolines; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sulfides

Topics: Acetates; Anaphylaxis; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromones; Cyclopropanes; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Indoles; Leukotriene Antagonists; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Membrane Proteins; Phenylcarbamates; Quinolines; Receptors, Leukotriene; Sulfides; Sulfonamides; Tosyl Compounds

Topics: Acetates; Cyclopropanes; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyperplasia; Infant; Lung; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Methylprednisolone; Neuroendocrine Cells; Quinolines; Sulfides; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Montelukast, a potent cysteinyl receptor antagonist, may be an antifibrotic therapeutic agent for lung fibrosis. Seven sarcoidosis patients and 10 with unusual interstitial pneumonia underwent conventional bronchoalveolar lavage, from which myofibroblasts were recovered. Myofibroblast proliferation was assayed, alpha smooth muscle actin levels were measured, TGFbeta mRNA RT-PCR transcripts were semiquantitated, and secretion was evaluated in myofibroblast supernatants. Montelukast at 10(-8) M concentration had a suppressive effect on cell proliferation (31 +/- 18%), which was significantly enhanced by LTD4 10(-8) M. No differences were found between sarcoidosis (31.28 +/- 15.9%) and unusual interstitial pneumonia (30.56 +/- 24.3%) lines. Fetal calf serum (20%) produced an enhancing effect (29.8 +/- 21.6%) in all lines. Myofibroblasts recovered from sarcoidosis patients showed lower alpha-smooth muscle actin contents than unusual interstitial pneumonia lines (0.09 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.34 +/- 0.16, p =0.039, respectively). Montelukast suppressed alpha-actin in short-term cultures in sarcoidosis myofibroblasts and in long-term unusual interstitial pneumonia myofibroblasts. Montelukast at 10(-6) M concentratin decreased the TGFbeta-induced alpha-actin expression in all lines tested. Montelukast decreased mRNA expression of TGFbeta. Montelukast may be a therapeutic agent in pathological conditions involving fibrotic and remodeling processes.

Topics: Acetates; Actins; Adult; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cyclopropanes; Female; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis; Humans; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Male; Middle Aged; Quinolines; RNA, Messenger; Sarcoidosis; Sulfides; Transforming Growth Factor beta