Compounds > cephacetrile
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

cephacetrile

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Cephacetrile: A derivative of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID91562
CHEMBL ID2110602
CHEBI ID135437
SCHEMBL ID141792
MeSH IDM0003817

Synonyms (45)

Synonym
(6r,7r)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-[(cyanoacetyl)amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
10206-21-0
cephacetrile
cefacetrile (inn)
vetrimast [veterinary] (tn)
D07629
cefacetrile
DB01414
celospor
7-cyanacetylamino-cephalosporansaeure
7-(2-cyanacetamido)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-en-2-carboxylat acetat (ester)
cefacetrilo [inn-spanish]
einecs 233-508-8
(6r,7r)-3-acetoxymethyl-7-(2-cyanacetamido)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-en-2-carbonsaeure
cefacetrilum [inn-latin]
CHEBI:135437
(6r,7r)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-[(2-cyanoacetyl)amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
fdm21qq344 ,
cefacetrile [inn:ban]
cefacetrilum
cefacetrilo
unii-fdm21qq344
cephacetrile [mi]
cefacetrile [inn]
cefacetrile [who-dd]
SCHEMBL141792
CHEMBL2110602
vetrimast
RRYMAQUWDLIUPV-BXKDBHETSA-N
cephacetril
DTXSID0022779
(6r,7r)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-(2-cyanoacetamido)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
J-000558
AKOS030240997
(6r,7r)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-7-(2-cyanoacetamido)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
2,4,6-trimethoxycinnamicacid
Q4919176
NCGC00510891-01
cefacetrile 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
gtpl12192
CS-0017597
HY-A0253
AT37995
(6r,7r)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-7-(2-cyanoacetamido)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylicacid
7-cyanoacetamidocephalosporanic acid

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

This pharmacokinetic investigation was based on the determination of serum and urinary levles of cephacetrile in 50 subjects given single intramuscular or intravenous doses of 0.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"A review is given on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of some cephalosporin antibiotics."( On the pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antibiotics.
Andersson, KE, 1978)		0.26
" The biological half-life of SBPC in the serum was shortened in pretreatment with GM and prolonged in posttreatment with GM, while that of GM did not vary in pre- or post-treatment with SBPC."( [Fundamental studies on combination of antibiotics; especially on pharmacokinetics. I. Combination of gentamicin with sulbenicillin or cephacetrile (author's transl)].
Aratani, H; Nakatsuka, M, 1976)		0.46

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The results obtained confirm that, for cephalosporins, the dosage schedule should be adjusted taking into account the potency of the drug (MIC) and its rate of elimination."( [Correlation between antibacterial activity of some cephalosporins and pharmacokinetic properties "in vitro" (author's transl)].
de Carneri, I; Grasso, S; Meinardi, G; Tamassia, V, 1979)		0.26
"A rapid and accurate quantitative determination of cephacetrile in finished bulk and dosage forms is reported."( High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cephacetrile.
Bortesi, F; Di Bitetto, M; Grisanti, G; Mangia, A; Silingardi, S, 1979)		0.76
" in different dosages (1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg/day; dosage interval: 12 h) over a period of five days."( [Experimental studies on the renal tolerance of cefuroxime (author's transl)].
Kaiser, U; Sack, K; Züllich, B, 1977)		0.26
" In addition, dosing of the labeled antibiotic for 7 days caused no increase in tissue levels of radioactivity."( Metabolic fate of cephacetrile after parenteral administration in rats and rabbits.
Fugono, T; Kanai, Y; Nakai, Y; Tanayama, S, 1976)		0.59
" These data constitute true dosage schemes adapted to the particular case of each patient according to his kidney function."( Cephacetrile--application of pharmacokinetic data to dosage determination.
Brandt, C; Brogard, JM; Dorner, M; Lavillaureix, J, 1976)		1.7
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
cephalosporinA class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (28)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1136476Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1136472Antibacterial activity against Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 12176 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1136473Antibacterial activity against Shigella paradysenteriae HH 117 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1136475Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1136469Antibacterial activity against penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus HH 127 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1136471Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 4200 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1136474Antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1136470Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 12140 after overnight incubation by twofold agar dilution method1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1136477Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 12140 infected in sc dosed mouse assessed as mouse survival after 3 days1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of analogues with 7-acyl groups derived from 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetic acid or 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]acetic acid and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (83)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199082 (98.80)18.7374
1990's1 (1.20)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 29.32

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index29.32 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.61 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.25 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index39.34 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (29.32)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials10 (11.24%)5.53%
Reviews6 (6.74%)6.00%
Case Studies5 (5.62%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other68 (76.40%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		1.9510isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cefuroxime
Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.		9.1650carbamate ester;
cephalosporin
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		1.9510chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		8.0550
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		3.3311benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		1.9510organic molecular entity
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		1.95101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		1.9610isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		2.3620aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		1.951011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		8.35182beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		3.0650penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		2.6530C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		8.49212azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		1.9510kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.6430penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		1.9510penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.5961beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
iodohippuric acid
Iodohippuric Acid: An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.. 2-iodohippuric acid : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of glycine.		1.9510benzamides;
N-acylglycine;
organoiodine compound
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		1.9510cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
cyclacillin
Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.		1.9510penicillinantibacterial drug
cephaloglycin
Cephaloglycin: A cephalorsporin antibiotic.. cefaloglycin : A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.		4.8140beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antimicrobial agent
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		2.3520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		2.3620penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		7.75141beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		5.8580cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		8.86212beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
pivampicillin
Pivampicillin: Pivalate ester analog of AMPICILLIN.. pivampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin.		1.9510penicillanic acid ester;
pivaloyloxymethyl ester		prodrug
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		2.3620penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		1.9610penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		1.9510alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		6.4180beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		7.6530penicillin
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		1.9610cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.4620cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		11.19717cephalosporinfungal metabolite
penethamate hydroiodide
penethamate hydroiodide: structure		1.9910
pyridine-2-azo-4-dimethylaniline cephalosporin
pyridine-2-azo-4-dimethylaniline cephalosporin: cephalosporin which changes from purple to yellow upon cleavage of its beta-lactam ring; structure given in first source		1.9610
cortisone
[no description available]		1.951011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		1.9610
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		1.9510
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		5.8580beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		2.3620
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		4.8240cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cefsulodin
Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.. cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.		3.0610cephalosporin;
organosulfonic acid;
primary carboxamide		antibacterial drug
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		7.36201,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		3.9720amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
nitrocefin
nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source		6.9610
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		2.3620imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		2.3620
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		1.9510
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		1.9510cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Ageusia
Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of taste, frequently accompanied by OLFACTION DISORDERS.		01.9610
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue
[description not available]		01.9610
Osteomyelitis
INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.		02.3620
Mastitis, Bovine
INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.		02.8840
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.8740
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		07.12133
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		02.8740
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		19.12133
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		07.8740
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		03.7420
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		03.7420
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		03.9650
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.3620
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.3620
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		04.2541
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		04.2541
Periphlebitis
Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.		03.3311
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).		03.3311
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		010.7342
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		01.9510
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		01.9510
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		01.9510
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9510
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		04.9952
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		03.3311
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		04.9952
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9510
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		01.9510
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		04.0331
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		04.0331
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		01.9510
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		01.9510
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		02.8740
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.3620
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		01.9510
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		01.9510
Arthritides, Bacterial
[description not available]		02.6430
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9510
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A
[description not available]		01.9510
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Meningitis, Meningococcal
A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)		01.9510
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)		01.9510
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		01.9510
Abscess, Hepatic
[description not available]		01.9510
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		01.9510
Liver Abscess
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.		01.9510
Staphylococcal Pneumonia
[description not available]		03.3411
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal
Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.		03.3411
Adnexitis
Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).		03.3311
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.		03.3311
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		01.9510
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		01.9510
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		02.6530
Abortion, Septic
Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge.		01.9510
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		01.9510
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.6530
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		01.9510
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		01.9510
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		01.9510
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		02.8610
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		02.8610
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.8610
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		02.8610
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		02.8610
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		01.9510
Hemarthrosis
Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.		01.9510
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		01.9510
Clerambault Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		01.9510
Brain Abscess
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)		01.9610