pyrantel pamoate profile

Pyrantel Pamoate: Broad spectrum antinematodal anthelmintic used also in veterinary medicine. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5281033
CHEMBL ID	1599768
CHEBI ID	8655
SCHEMBL ID	41025
SCHEMBL ID	7793068
MeSH ID	M0018222

Synonym
4-[(3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid; 1-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]-5,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimidine
pyrimidine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[2-(-2-thienyl)ethenyl-, (e)-, with 4,4'-methylenebis[3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (1:1)
SPECTRUM5_001373
antiminth
(e)-1,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]pyrimidine 4,4'-methylenebis[3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate] (1:1)
nsc355080
nsc-355080
combantrin
cp-10,423-16
4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic) acid, compound with (e)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)pyrimidine (1:1)
einecs 244-837-1
nsc 355080
embovin
(e)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)pyrimidine 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate) (1:1)
pyrantel embonate
IDI1_000254
pyrantel pamoate
C07389
22204-24-6
pyrantel pamoate, bioxtra
pyrantel pamoate (jp17/usp)
D00486
antiminth (tn)
NCGC00094552-02
NCGC00094552-03
NCGC00094552-01
SPECTRUM1500517
embonate, pyrantel
pamoate, pyrantel
HMS2092E07
HMS2090J21
HMS500M16
HMS1920N06
A816013
nsc-757303
pharmakon1600-01500517
nsc757303
pyrimidine,1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[(1e)-2-(2-thienyl)ethenyl]-
cp 10423-16
cp-10423-18
pyranteli embonas
chebi:8655 ,
pyrantel (as pamoate)
cp-10423-16
CHEMBL1599768
CCG-39242
81bk194z5m ,
sentry hc worm x
vetscription sure shot 2x
sentry hc worm x ds
unii-81bk194z5m
pyrantel pamoate [usan:usp:jan]
helmex
cobantril
AKOS015908224
S2501
pyrantel pamoate [vandf]
pyrantel pamoate [green book]
pyrantel pamoate [usp-rs]
pyrantel pamoate [usp monograph]
pyrantel pamoate [mi]
pyrantel embonate [ep monograph]
pyrantel embonate [who-ip]
pyrantel embonate [who-dd]
pyrantel pamoate [jan]
pyrantel pamoate [usan]
pyranteli embonas [who-ip latin]
pyrantel embonate [mart.]
SCHEMBL41025
CS-3869
SCHEMBL7793068
(e)-1-methyl-2-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)
pyrantel (pamoate)
AC-24204
HY-12640
4,4'-methanediylbis(3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid) - 1-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethenyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (1:1)
STL481883
pyrantel pamoate, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
pyrantel pamoate, vetranal(tm), analytical standard
sr-05000001708
SR-05000001708-1
pyrantel embonate, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
SBI-0051499.P003
4-[(3-carboxy-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid;1-methyl-2-[(e)-2-thiophen-2-ylethenyl]-5,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimidine
DTXSID40897057 ,
Q3489331
pyrantel pamoates
pyirantelpamoate
F21340
mfcd00072037
pyrantel pamoate sigmaultra,(s)
-tetrahydropyrimidine 4,4'-methylenebis
(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)
(e)-1-methyl-2-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-1,4,5,6
AS-12185
AMY3564
BP166202
pyrantel pamoate (usp-rs)
primex 2-x, primex canine
lombriareu
equistrength
parasitol
cvs pinworm treatment
anthelban v
exodus paste, exodus multi dose
pyrimidine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)-, (e)-, 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate) (1:1)
pirantel pamoate
pinwormmedicine
4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid) compounded with (e)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)pyrimidine (1:1)
parasitexx
rfd wormer
primex equine
pyrantel pamoate paste
trilombrin
pyrantel pamoate (usp monograph)
petarmor sure shot 2x
liqui-vict 2xcanine anthelmintic
pinrid
pinwormtreatment
pyrantel embonate (ep monograph)
dtxcid501326492
vermocks
pronto pluspinworm treatment
pyrantel pamoate suspension, pyrantel pamoate suspension-2.27mg, pyrantel pamoate suspension-4.54mg
worm protector 2xcanine anthelmintic
liquid wormer 2x
pyrantel pamoate (usan:usp:jan)
exodus multi-dose
adams, d-worm, dog wormer chewable tablets
pyrantal pamoate
1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-((e)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)pyrimidine 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)
banminth-p paste, strongid paste
pinworm treatment
pinaway
pyrantel pamoate chewable tablets
pyrimidine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-((1e)-2-(2-thienyl)ethenyl)-, 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate) (1:1)
nemex 2non-sterile
dog wormer tablets
pyrantel embonate (mart.)
strongid t
1-methyl-2-((1e)-2-(thien-2-yl)vinyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine mono(4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate))
nemex, nemex-2, rfd liquid wormer
liqui-vict 2x
pinworm
2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-, compound with (e)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(2-thienyl)ethenyl)pyrimidine (1:1)
pyrimidine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(2-thienyl)ethenyl)-, (e)-, 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate) (1:1)
2-naphthoic acid, 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-, compound with (e)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)pyrimidine (1:1)
vrmx 500
walgreens pinworm medicine

Research Excerpts

Effects

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Pyrantel pamoate has a wider applicability for the poorer patients in spite of the fact that it is ineffective against trichurids and S."	( Mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate as broad-spectrum anthelmintics. Chowdhury, NA; Islam, N, 1976)	1.32
"Pyrantel pamoate has a wider applicability for the poorer patients in spite of the fact that it is ineffective against trichurids and S."	( Mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate as broad-spectrum anthelmintics. Chowdhury, NA; Islam, N, 1976)	1.32

Treatment

Treatment with pyrantel pamoate in the feed at the concentration of 0.2% given 7 days before inoculation and 5 days after inoculation protected mice from migrations.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Treatment with pyrantel pamoate in the feed at the concentration of 0.2% given 7 days before inoculation and 5 days after inoculation also protected mice from migrations throughout the 55-day experiment."	( Baylisascaris procyonis for testing anthelmintics against migratory ascarids. Lindquist, WD, 1978)	0.6
"Treatment with pyrantel pamoate was estimated to be 91% effective in clearing hookworm infections."	( An investigation of hookworm infection and reinfection following mass anthelmintic treatment in the south Indian fishing community of Vairavankuppam. Anderson, RM; Elkins, DB; Haswell-Elkins, MR; Manjula, K; Michael, E, 1988)	0.61

Toxicity

Of the 178 horses treated, no drug related, adverse clinical or neurological health events were observed. Adverse effects were not observed in young kittens following administration of the high dose of pyrantel pamoate.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Growing dogs, given the combination orally for 5 consecutive days at recommended dosages (5 mg of pyrantel/kg of body weight, 6 micrograms of ivermectin/kg) or at twice the pyrantel dosage in combination with the recommended dosage of ivermectin, had no adverse effects."	( Safety study of a beef-based chewable tablet formulation of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate in growing dogs, pups, and breeding adult dogs. Clark, JN; Daurio, CP; Pulliam, JD, 1992)	0.51
" Adverse effects were not observed in young kittens following administration of the high dose of pyrantel pamoate."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of two formulations of pyrantel pamoate in cats. DeNovo, RC; Reinemeyer, CR, 1990)	0.74
" Of the 178 horses treated with pyrantel pamoate paste, no drug related, adverse clinical or neurological health events were observed."	( Clinical field efficacy and safety of pyrantel pamoate paste (19.13% w/w pyrantel base) against Anoplocephala spp. in naturally infected horses. Dascanio, JJ; Johnson, EG; Marchiondo, AA; Reinemeyer, CR; Shugart, JI; Smith, LL; White, GW, 2006)	0.89
" No adverse events or test article-related effects were observed in any treatment group during daily clinical observations of the test animals."	( Target animal safety and tolerance study of pyrantel pamoate paste (19.13% w/w pyrantel base) administered orally to horses. Herrick, RL; Marchiondo, AA; TerHune, TN, 2005)	0.59
" Anthelmintics are commonly considered quite safe agents, and side effects such as gastrointestinal, neurologic, hematologic, or hepatic injury have been only rarely described."	( Massive proteinuria: a possible side effect of pyrantel pamoate? Bersani, I; Bottaro, G; del Bufalo, F; Ferrara, P; Gatto, A; Liberatore, P; Romano, V; Stabile, A; Vitelli, O, 2011)	0.63
" About a fifth of the children reported adverse events, which were mainly mild."	( Efficacy and safety of albendazole plus ivermectin, albendazole plus mebendazole, albendazole plus oxantel pamoate, and mebendazole alone against Trichuris trichiura and concomitant soil-transmitted helminth infections: a four-arm, randomised controlled t Albonico, M; Ali, SM; Alles, R; Ame, SM; Bogoch, II; Hattendorf, J; Huwyler, J; Keiser, J; Speich, B; Utzinger, J, 2015)	0.42
" Oxantel pamoate was well tolerated across all treatment groups; only mild adverse events were reported by the participants 2 h (27 [10%]) and 24 h (12 [4%]) after treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of oxantel pamoate in school-aged children infected with Trichuris trichiura on Pemba Island, Tanzania: a parallel, randomised, controlled, dose-ranging study. Albonico, M; Ali, SM; Ame, SM; Hattendorf, J; Huwyler, J; Keiser, J; Moser, W; Puchkov, M; Speich, B, 2016)	0.43

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"86 h), tmax (14."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics, faecal excretion and efficacy of pyrantel pamoate paste and granule formulations following per os administration in donkeys naturally infected with intestinal strongylidae. Aksit, D; Gokbulut, C; Mariani, U; Smaldone, G; Veneziano, V, 2014)	0.65

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" A single treatment with this drug combination gave 100% reductions in Toxocara canis and Taenia hydatigena in experimentally induced infections in dogs."	( Efficacy of a drug combination of praziquantel, pyrantel embonate, and febantel against helminth infections in dogs. Gemmell, MA; Lloyd, S, 1992)	0.28
" Elevated plasma levels of albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, and mebendazole in coadministrations are probably not mediated by CYP-based drug-drug interaction."	( In Vitro and In Vivo Drug Interaction Study of Two Lead Combinations, Oxantel Pamoate plus Albendazole and Albendazole plus Mebendazole, for the Treatment of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis. Cowan, N; Keiser, J; Vargas, M, 2016)	0.43

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The drug is metabolically stable, shows low permeability and low systemic bioavailability after oral use."	( Preclinical and Clinical Characteristics of the Trichuricidal Drug Oxantel Pamoate and Clinical Development Plans: A Review. Chabicovsky, M; Gander-Meisterernst, I; Keiser, J; Palmeirim, MS; Scandale, I; Specht, S, 2021)	0.62

Dosage Studied

Pyrantel pamoate at dosage of 10 mg per kilogramme body weight was given to each villager at 4-6 weeks intervals for three times. Four groups of two naturally infected pigs were dosed with albendazole, pyrantelspamoate, ivermectin or piperazine dihydrochloride, respectively.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Pyrantel pamoate at dosage of 10 mg per kilogramme body weight was given to each villager at 4-6 weeks intervals for three times."	( Control trial of soil-transmitted helminthic infections with pyrantel pamoate. Bhaibulaya, M; Harinasuta, C; Hongsuwan, S; Indra-Ngarm, S; Pahuchon, W; Punnavutti, V; Vajrasthira, S; Yamput, S, 1977)	1.94
" Two-week posttreatment mean strongyle epg and lpg (small strongyle) values for barn-E horses, treated alternately with therapeutic (approx) dosage of IVE (200 micrograms/kg; 4 times), OFZ (10 mg/kg; 5 times), OBZ (10 mg/kg; 4 times), or PRT (6."	( Evaluation of exclusive use of ivermectin vs alternation of antiparasitic compounds for control of internal parasites of horses. Drudge, JH; Granstrom, DE; Lyons, ET; Stamper, S; Tolliver, SC, 1992)	0.28
" In 1 heartworm and 2 intestinal parasite trials, the efficacy of pyrantel, ivermectin/pyrantel combination, or ivermectin with pyrantel dosage of 10 mg/kg was evaluated."	( Efficacy of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate combined in a chewable formulation against heartworm, hookworm, and ascarid infections in dogs. Clark, JN; Daurio, CP; Longhofer, SL; Plue, RE; Wallace, DH, 1992)	0.58
" Growing dogs, given the combination orally for 5 consecutive days at recommended dosages (5 mg of pyrantel/kg of body weight, 6 micrograms of ivermectin/kg) or at twice the pyrantel dosage in combination with the recommended dosage of ivermectin, had no adverse effects."	( Safety study of a beef-based chewable tablet formulation of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate in growing dogs, pups, and breeding adult dogs. Clark, JN; Daurio, CP; Pulliam, JD, 1992)	0.51
" If a properly dosed and administered drug failed to reduce herd mean pretreatment fecal egg count by 80%, it was considered ineffective in that flock, and the presence of parasites resistant to that drug was inferred."	( Survey for drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes in 13 commercial sheep flocks. Fleming, S; Moncol, D; Uhlinger, C, 1992)	0.28
" fourth stage larvae (L4), pre-adult and adult stages were dosed with anthelminitics."	( Response of pre-adult and adult stages of Trichuris muris to common anthelmintics in mice. Bose, S; Deb, BN; Dhage, KR; Jones, MP; Rajasekariah, GR, 1991)	0.28
" Three groups of 8 cats received either no medication (controls) or pyrantel pamoate in paste or granule formulations at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of two formulations of pyrantel pamoate in cats. DeNovo, RC; Reinemeyer, CR, 1990)	0.76
" However, 6 weeks after dosing the reduction of the strongyle egg output had decreased to an average of 67."	( Prevalence and control of benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles on German thoroughbred studs. Bauer, C; Bürger, HJ; Janke-Grimm, G; Merkt, JC, 1986)	0.27
" High-performance liquid chromatography was employed in this study to determine plasma levels of pyrantel in nine healthy human subjects after administration of tablet and suspension dosage forms."	( Bioequivalence of pyrantel pamoate dosage forms in healthy human subjects. Akanni, AO; Fasanmade, AA; Olaniyi, AA; Tayo, F, 1994)	0.62
" Four groups of two naturally infected pigs were dosed with albendazole, pyrantel pamoate, ivermectin or piperazine dihydrochloride, respectively."	( Embryonation and infectivity of Ascaris suum eggs isolated from worms expelled by pigs treated with albendazole , pyrantel pamoate, ivermectin or piperazine dihydrochloride. Boes, J; Eriksen, L; Nansen, P, 1998)	0.74
" Administration to rats, dosed with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, of pyrantel and/or fenbendazole and pigs, dosed with Ascaris and Oesophagostomum, of dichlorvos (DDVP) loaded onto zeolite Y was more successful in killing adult worms than administration of the pure drug alone."	( The use of zeolites as slow release anthelmintic carriers. Dyer, A; Morgan, S; Wells, P; Williams, C, 2000)	0.31
"2 mg/kg, the dosage registered for other host species."	( Anthelmintic treatment in horses: the extra-label use of products and the danger of under-dosing. Matthee, S, 2003)	0.32
"13%, w/w, pyrantel base) administered at the recommended dosage of 13."	( Clinical field efficacy and safety of pyrantel pamoate paste (19.13% w/w pyrantel base) against Anoplocephala spp. in naturally infected horses. Dascanio, JJ; Johnson, EG; Marchiondo, AA; Reinemeyer, CR; Shugart, JI; Smith, LL; White, GW, 2006)	0.6
" Twenty-six of the horses previously dosed with pyrantel or fenbendazole, and which still excreted >/=150 eggs per gram of faeces 14 days after treatment, were dewormed with ivermectin and fenbendazole or pyrantel in order to eliminate the remaining cyathostomins."	( A field study on the effect of some anthelmintics on cyathostomins of horses in sweden. Höglund, J; Kuzmina, T; Lind, EO; Uggla, A; Waller, PJ, 2007)	0.34
" Dogs were treated at the recommended dosage for three or five consecutive days, and a control group remained untreated."	( Efficacy of Drontal Flavour Plus (50 mg praziquantel, 144 mg pyrantel embonate, 150 mg febantel per tablet) against Giardia sp in naturally infected dogs. Dado, D; Espinosa, C; Mateo, M; Miró, G; Montoya, A, 2008)	0.35
" Twenty-one horses (>4 months to 15 years of age) with patent, naturally acquired pinworm infections were blocked by source of origin and allocated randomly to one of three treatment groups: horses (n=7) assigned to Group 1 were treated orally with pyrantel pamoate paste at a dosage of 13."	( Efficacy of pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin paste formulations against naturally acquired Oxyuris equi infections in horses. Marchiondo, AA; Nichols, EC; Prado, JC; Reinemeyer, CR, 2010)	0.92
" Treated foals were dosed orally on Day 0 with a paste formulation of pyrantel pamoate at 13."	( Efficacy of pyrantel pamoate against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant isolate of Parascaris equorum in horses. Marchiondo, AA; Nichols, EC; Prado, JC; Reinemeyer, CR, 2010)	0.97
" We aimed to assess the nature of the dose-response relation to determine the optimum dose."	( Efficacy and safety of oxantel pamoate in school-aged children infected with Trichuris trichiura on Pemba Island, Tanzania: a parallel, randomised, controlled, dose-ranging study. Albonico, M; Ali, SM; Ame, SM; Hattendorf, J; Huwyler, J; Keiser, J; Moser, W; Puchkov, M; Speich, B, 2016)	0.43
"Tablets for oral suspension (TOS) present a convenient alternative dosage form to conventional tablets."	( Stability investigation of FCC-based tablets for oral suspension with caffeine and oxantel pamoate as model drugs. Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Schoelkopf, J; Wagner-Hattler, L, 2019)	0.51

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
organic molecular entity	Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	Giardia intestinalis	Potency	25.0594	0.1409	11.1940	39.8107	AID2451
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	Equus caballus (horse)	Potency	28.1838	5.6234	17.2929	31.6228	AID485281
15-lipoxygenase, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0126	10.6917	88.5700	AID887
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID504865
Microtubule-associated protein tau	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.1800	13.5574	39.8107	AID1460
galactokinase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.1285	0.9431	15.2894	53.0367	AID2015
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.3548	28.0659	89.1251	AID504847
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.3162	12.7657	31.6228	AID881
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Histamine H2 receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Potency	25.1189	0.0063	8.2350	39.8107	AID881
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
lipid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate gland development	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine production	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cycle	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of growth	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
hepoxilin biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
endocannabinoid signaling pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cannabinoid biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxin A4 biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
iron ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
adherens junction	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID574284	Antiparasitic activity against Ancylostoma caninum isolate NT assessed as increase in contraction force at 6 to 500 ug/ml by force transduction assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Phenotypic characterization of two Ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel.
AID574280	Ratio of IC50 for Ancylostoma caninum isolate NT to IC50 for Ancylostoma caninum isolate PR by larval arrested morphology assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Phenotypic characterization of two Ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID574286	Antiparasitic activity against Ancylostoma caninum isolate NT assessed as concentration of drug required to cause a force of contraction half that of the KCl-induced maximal contraction by force transduction assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Phenotypic characterization of two Ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID574287	Antiparasitic activity against Ancylostoma caninum isolate PR assessed as concentration of drug required to cause a force of contraction half that of the KCl-induced maximal contraction by force transduction assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Phenotypic characterization of two Ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel.
AID574288	Ratio of EC50 for Ancylostoma caninum isolate PR to IC50 for Ancylostoma caninum isolate NT by by force transduction assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Phenotypic characterization of two Ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel.
AID574285	Antiparasitic activity against Ancylostoma caninum isolate PR assessed as increase in contraction force at 6 to 500 ug/ml by force transduction assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Phenotypic characterization of two Ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel.
AID574279	Antiparasitic activity against Ancylostoma caninum isolate PR assessed as compound concentration required to inhibit parasitic contraction by larval arrested morphology assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Phenotypic characterization of two Ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel.
AID574278	Antiparasitic activity against Ancylostoma caninum isolate NT assessed as compound concentration required to inhibit parasitic contraction by larval arrested morphology assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Phenotypic characterization of two Ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	117 (37.26)	18.7374
1990's	74 (23.57)	18.2507
2000's	51 (16.24)	29.6817
2010's	63 (20.06)	24.3611
2020's	9 (2.87)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	53 (15.10%)	5.53%
Reviews	15 (4.27%)	6.00%
Case Studies	31 (8.83%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	252 (71.79%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
EXercise as TReatment for osteoArthritis [NCT03215602]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-18	Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise Therapy in Combination With Central Nervous System-targeted Treatment Compared With Exercise Therapy Alone for Treatment of People With Knee Osteoarthritis [NCT03681613]		104 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-07	Recruiting
Different Drug Combinations Against Hookworm Infection in School-aged Children in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, a Single Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT03278431]	Phase 4	420 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-27	Completed
Stunting and Bangladesh Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Study [NCT02812615]		1,575 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-07-16	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
albendazole [no description available]	9.97	33	7	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
bithionol Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.	3.46	2	0	aryl sulfide; bridged diphenyl antifungal drug; bridged diphenyl fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine pesticide; polyphenol	antifungal agrochemical; antiplatyhelmintic drug
caffeine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.06	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	3.23	6	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	3.46	2	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	1.97	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	7.67	35	5	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
hexylresorcinol [no description available]	6.96	1	0	resorcinols
tetramisole 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.	3.33	1	1	imidazothiazole	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	12.34	62	10	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	10.73	6	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	4.31	6	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	5.13	3	1	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	6.44	16	3	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	3.06	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
piperazine [no description available]	8.07	5	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	7.28	23	5	isoquinolines
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	3.06	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	3.06	1	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	3.46	2	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	7.96	22	2	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	3.77	2	1	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	2.02	1	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	10.83	7	1	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	3.98	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.02	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	1.96	1	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	1.98	1	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	1.95	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
thiazoles [no description available]	2.69	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2.13	1	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.21	1	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
melarsoprol Melarsoprol: Arsenical used in trypanosomiases. It may cause fatal encephalopathy and other undesirable side effects.	3.06	1	0	triazines
dithiazanine Dithiazanine: 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.. dithiazanine : A cationic C3-cyanine dye with 3-ethylbenzothiazol-2-yl groups at both ends.	1.95	1	0	benzothiazoles; benzothiazolium ion	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
thioflavin t thioflavin T cation : A benzothiazolium ion obtained by methylation of the thiazole nitrogen of 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole; the cationic component of thioflavin T.	1.98	1	0	benzothiazolium ion
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	7.05	1	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	7.58	13	4	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
levamisole hydrochloride [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	10.15	6	2	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
cambendazole Cambendazole: A nematocide effective against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses.	4.45	5	1
flubendazole flubendazole: the p-fluoro analog of mebendazole. flubendazole : A member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; organofluorine compound	antinematodal drug; teratogenic agent
ciclobendazole ciclobendazole: structure	1.95	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
amidantel amidantel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.42	2	0
oxfendazole [no description available]	2.9	4	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; sulfoxide	antinematodal drug
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	2.15	1	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.01	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	2	1	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
nitroscanate [no description available]	3.76	2	1
albendazole sulfoxide albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	sulfoxide
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.04	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	2.35	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.17	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cortisone [no description available]	1.95	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	1.97	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
pyrantel Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.	10.03	68	10	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; thiophenes	antinematodal drug
tribendimidine tribendimidine: structure given in first source	5.41	7	2
pyrvinium pyrvinium: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonyms vanquin & vankin refer to pamoate[2:1]; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7810. pyrvinium : A quinolinium ion that is 1-methylquinolinium substituted by dimethylamino group at position 6 and a (E)-2-(2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethenyl at position 2. It is a anthelminthic drug active against pinworms. The salts of pyrvinium can also be used as anticancer agents.	2.37	2	0	quinolinium ion	anthelminthic drug; antineoplastic agent
oxantel pamoate [no description available]	14.38	20	6	naphthoic acid
oxantel oxantel: oxyphenyl analog of pyrantel; RN given refers to (E)-isomer; synonym CP-14,445-16 refers to oxantel pamoate	4.62	6	1	styrenes
shogaol shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	3.06	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	1.95	1	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrantel tartrate Pyrantel Tartrate: Broad spectrum anthelmintic for livestock.	9.06	3	1
avermectin b(1)a avermectin B(1)a: RN given refers to avermectin B(1)a; see also avermectins & demethylavermectins	1.95	1	0	avermectin
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	1.98	1	0
bay 44-4400 Bay 44-4400: a semisynthetic derivative of anthelminitic cyclodepsipeptide; PF1022A. emodepside : A cyclooctadepsipeptide consisting of D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, and N-methyl-L-leucyl residues joined in sequence to give a 24-membered macrocycle. An anthelmintic, it is used with praziquantel for the treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm and tapeworm infections in cats.	2.17	1	0	cyclooctadepsipeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antinematodal drug
4-toluoyl chloride phenylhydrazone 4-toluoyl chloride phenylhydrazone: RN given refers to parent	1.97	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
zeolites [no description available]	2	1	0
doramectin [no description available]	7.41	2	0	macrolide
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	8.86	55	11
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	1.99	1	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	1.95	1	0
afoxolaner afoxolaner: an oral, chewable insecticide-acaricide to control fleas and ticks in dogs	7.6	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	1.99	1	0
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	1.95	1	0
bephenium hydroxynaphthoate bephenium hydroxynaphthoate: structure	2.4	2	0
moxidectin moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity	12.08	15	6
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	1.99	1	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	1.96	1	0
febantel febantel: structure	6.92	20	4	aryl sulfide
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	3.8	1	1	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Ancylostomiasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.	12.36	24	2
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.06	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.03	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	8.11	28	10
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	6.11	8	4
Equine Diseases [description not available]	8.43	43	9
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Dirofilariasis Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.	4.3	4	1
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.6	1	0
Ascaridida Infections Infections with nematodes of the order ASCARIDIDA.	5.7	10	2
Enterobiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ENTEROBIUS; E. vermicularis, the pinworm of man, causes a crawling sensation and pruritus. This condition results in scratching the area, occasionally causing scarification.	11.68	12	1
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	16.07	68	12
Bunostomiasis [description not available]	11.28	39	13
Trichocephaliasis [description not available]	10.18	48	12
Hookworm Infections Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.	11.28	39	13
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.86	2	1
Trichuriasis Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.	10.18	48	12
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.	2.4	2	0
Infections, Taenia [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Taeniasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.	2.7	3	0
Toxocariasis Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.	6.22	13	3
Helminthiasis, Animal Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.	5.54	9	2
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	2.43	2	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	2.4	2	0
Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available]	6.03	10	3
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.1	5	0
Necatoriasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS.	12.59	16	4
Dracunculiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus Dracunculus. One or more worms may be seen at a time, with the legs and feet being the most commonly infected areas. Symptoms include pruritus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or asthmatic attacks.	2.1	1	0
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.	11.15	53	10
Bertielliasis [description not available]	6.37	15	3
Enteropathy, Exudative [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.	2.1	1	0
Equine Strongyle Infections [description not available]	7.08	32	3
Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Emesis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	2.1	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	2.1	1	0
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	8.52	26	4
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	8.52	26	4
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	3.5	1	1
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	3.5	1	1
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	2.11	1	0
Maggot Infestations [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Nasal Diseases [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
DNA Virus Infections Diseases caused by DNA VIRUSES.	2.13	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.13	1	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available]	4.8	7	1
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	2.15	1	0
Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.	9.8	7	1
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.04	1	0
Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.	2.04	1	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	2.42	2	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.04	1	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	2.04	1	0
Central Nervous System Helminthiasis Infections of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; or MENINGES caused by HELMINTHS (parasitic worms).	2.05	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	2.05	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.05	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.05	1	0
Fasciolopsiasis [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	2.06	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	7.06	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	2.07	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.46	5	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.4	2	0
Light Sensitivity [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Psychoses [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Lock Jaw [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	2.01	1	0
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	2.01	1	0
Ape Diseases Diseases of chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.	2.42	2	0
Complications, Parasitic Pregnancy [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	2.02	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.02	1	0
Male Genitourinary Diseases [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Female Genitourinary Diseases [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	8.39	25	6
Aspiculariasis [description not available]	7.96	24	4
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	3.42	1	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Amebiasis, Intestinal [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	1.96	1	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	1.96	1	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Parasite Infections [description not available]	3.79	4	0
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	2.36	2	0
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	1.96	1	0
Arterial Inflammation [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	2.67	3	0
Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.	1.95	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	3.58	9	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	2.65	3	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	2.39	2	0
Trichostrongylosis Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.	6.22	4	2
Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.	1.98	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	2.91	4	0
Oesophagostomiasis Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.	2.39	2	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Abscess, Hepatic [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Ascaridiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea.	7.66	3	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	1.99	1	0
Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	2.4	2	0
Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	2	1	0
Chylopericardium [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Anguilluliasis [description not available]	4.74	12	0
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	2.01	1	0
Strongyloidiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.	4.74	12	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Entamoeba histolytica Infection [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	1.95	1	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	2.35	2	0
Onchocerciasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.	3.34	1	1
Larva Migrans, Visceral A condition produced in man by the prolonged migration of animal nematode larvae in extraintestinal tissues other than skin; characterized by persistent hypereosinophilia, hepatomegaly, and frequently pneumonitis, commonly caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati.	1.95	1	0
Liver Diseases, Parasitic Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).	1.95	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	1.98	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	1.98	1	0
Hymenolepiasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.	1.97	1	0
Aura [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	1.97	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	1.96	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	1.96	1	0

pyrantel pamoate

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (149)

Research Excerpts

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (29)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (21)

Molecular Functions (8)

Ceullar Components (8)

Bioassays (13)

Research

Studies (314)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 50.43

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

pyrantel pamoate

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (149)

Research Excerpts

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (29)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (21)

Molecular Functions (8)

Ceullar Components (8)

Bioassays (13)

Research

Studies (314)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 50.43

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (87)

Related Conditions (144)