Compounds > cefovecin
Page last updated: 2024-12-11

cefovecin

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Description

cefovecin: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6336480
SCHEMBL ID8008200
MeSH IDM0505642

Synonyms (20)

Synonym
cefovecin
(6r,7r)-7-[[(2z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(2s)-oxolan-2-yl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
C-2479
234096-34-5
cefovecin [inn]
unii-0d1ol46zie
0d1ol46zie ,
(6r,7r)-7-(((2z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-8-oxo-3-((2s)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
cefovecin (ema epar: veterinary)
(6r,7r)-7-(((2z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-8-oxo-3-((2s)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
cefovecin [mi]
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-(((2z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-1-oxoethyl)amino)-8-oxo-3-((2s)-tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-, (6r,7r)-
SCHEMBL8008200
cefovecin, antibiotic for culture media use only
DTXSID00177963 ,
5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-[[(2z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(2s)-tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-, (6r,7r)-
cefovecina
dtxcid60100454
cefovecine
cefovecinum

Research Excerpts

Overview

Cefovecin is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with an efficacy of 2 wk following a single injection in domestic dogs and cats. It has demonstrated prolonged concentrations in extracellular fluid, allowing for dosing intervals of up to 14 days.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Cefovecin is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with an efficacy of 2 wk following a single injection in domestic dogs and cats. "( CEFOVECIN PROTEIN BINDING AS A PREDICTOR FOR EXTENDED DURATION OF ACTION: A REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE AND IN VITRO ANALYSIS IN MULTIPLE ZOOLOGICAL SPECIES.
Calle, PP; Moore, RP; Papich, MG; Paré, J; Raphael, BL; Sykes, JM; Valitutto, MT; Yu, JH, 2021)		3.51
"Cefovecin is a long-acting third-generation cephalosporin commonly used in veterinary medicine. "( Use of cefovecin in dogs and cats attending first-opinion veterinary practices in Australia.
Bailey, KE; Baldwin, T; Billman-Jacobe, H; Browning, GF; Gilkerson, J; Hardefeldt, L; Hur, B; Richards, S; Scarborough, R; Verspoor, K, 2020)		2.46
"Cefovecin is an extended-spectrum long-acting third generation cephalosporin used to treat canine infections. "( Effect of cefovecin on the fecal flora of healthy dogs.
Coetzee, JF; Grauer, G; Heinrich, E; Kukanich, B; Kukanich, K; Lawrence, M; Narayanan, S, 2013)		2.23
"Cefovecin is a recently introduced veterinary cephalosporin that has demonstrated prolonged concentrations in extracellular fluid, allowing for dosing intervals of up to 14 days."( In vitro efficacy of cefovecin against anaerobic bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque of dogs and cats with periodontal disease.
Bird, PS; Khazandi, M; Meyer, JN; Owens, J; Trott, DJ; Wilson, G, 2014)		1.44
"Cefovecin is a long-acting cephalosporin that is formulated for subcutaneous administration, and its long-elimination half-life allows for 14-day dosing intervals in dogs and cats."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and subcutaneous cefovecin in alpacas.
Cox, S; Doherty, T; Hamill, M; Hayes, J; Pistole, N; Seddighi, R; Sommardahl, C; Videla, R, 2015)		1.39
"Cefovecin is a third-generation cephalosporin developed as an aqueous solution for use by the subcutaneous route in dogs and cats. "( Long-lasting concentrations of cefovecin after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration to Patagonian sea lions (Otaria flavescens).
Álvaro, T; Encinas, T; García-Párraga, D; García-Peña, FJ; Gilabert, JA; Ros-Rodríguez, JM; Valls, M, 2016)		2.16
"Cefovecin sodium is a third-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic licensed for the treatment of skin infections in cats and dogs. "( Pharmacokinetics of Cefovecin in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
Kelly, N; Papp, R; Popovic, A; Tschirret-Guth, R, 2010)		2.13
"Cefovecin is a third-generation cephalosporin approved for antibacterial treatment with a 14-day dosing interval in dogs and cats. "( Single subcutaneous dosing of cefovecin in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a pharmacokinetic study.
Bakker, J; Bertelsen, MF; Braskamp, G; Langermans, JA; Ouwerling, B; Skaanild, MT; Thuesen, LR, 2011)		2.1
"Cefovecin sodium is a long-acting, third-generation, cephalosporin antibiotic approved for the treatment of skin infections in dogs and cats. "( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), olive baboons (Papio anubis), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
Boucher, JF; Brown, SA; Civil, JR; Fortman, JD; Gillhouse, KA; Grover, GS; Halliday, LC; Hoggatt, AF; Lovaglio, J; Raabe, BM; Stubbs, MN; Yuan, Y, 2011)		2.14
"Cefovecin was shown to be an effective and safe treatment for urinary tract infections."( Efficacy and safety of cefovecin (Convenia) for the treatment of urinary tract infections in dogs.
Passmore, CA; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2007)		2.09

Effects

Cefovecin has been widely used to treat skin infections in dogs. It has a long duration of antibiotic activity in cats and dogs, somewhat attributable to its high plasma protein binding.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Cefovecin has a long duration of antibiotic activity in cats and dogs, somewhat attributable to its high plasma protein binding."( In vitro binding of cefovecin to plasma proteins in Australian marsupials and plasma concentrations of cefovecin following single subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).
Gharibi, S; Govendir, M; Vogelnest, L, 2019)		2.28
"Cefovecin has a long duration of antibiotic activity in cats and dogs, somewhat attributable to its high plasma protein binding."( In vitro binding of cefovecin to plasma proteins in Australian marsupials and plasma concentrations of cefovecin following single subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).
Gharibi, S; Govendir, M; Vogelnest, L, 2019)		2.28
"Cefovecin has been widely used to treat skin infections in dogs. "( Usefulness of cefovecin disk-diffusion test for predicting mecA gene-containing strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and clinical efficacy of cefovecin in dogs with superficial pyoderma.
Ide, K; Iwasaki, T; Iyori, K; Nishifuji, K; Toyoda, Y, 2013)		2.19

Toxicity

Cefovecin was shown to be an effective and safe treatment for urinary tract infections. There were no suspected adverse drug reactions attributed to treatment with cefovein or cephalexin. A single cefvecin injection (8 mg/kg) administered SC was safe and effective against naturally occurring skin infections in dogs.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" There were no suspected adverse drug reactions attributed to treatment with cefovecin or cephalexin."( Efficacy and safety of cefovecin (Convenia) for the treatment of urinary tract infections in dogs.
Passmore, CA; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2007)		0.88
"Cefovecin was shown to be an effective and safe treatment for urinary tract infections."( Efficacy and safety of cefovecin (Convenia) for the treatment of urinary tract infections in dogs.
Passmore, CA; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2007)		2.09
" There were no suspected adverse drug reactions attributable to treatment with cefovecin or cephalexin."( Efficacy and safety of cefovecin for the treatment of urinary tract infections in cats.
Passmore, CA; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2008)		0.88
"Cefovecin was demonstrated to be an effective and safe treatment for urinary tract infections."( Efficacy and safety of cefovecin for the treatment of urinary tract infections in cats.
Passmore, CA; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2008)		2.1
" There were no serious adverse events or deaths related to treatment."( Efficacy and safety of cefovecin in treating bacterial folliculitis, abscesses, or infected wounds in dogs.
Boucher, JF; Cherni, J; Chesebrough, R; Cleaver, D; Lindeman, CJ; Papp, G; Six, R; Skogerboe, TL; Stegemann, MR; Weigel, DJ, 2008)		0.66
"A single cefovecin injection (8 mg/kg) administered SC, which could be repeated once after 14 days, was safe and effective against naturally occurring skin infections in dogs and as effective as cefadroxil administered PO twice daily for 14 or 28 days."( Efficacy and safety of cefovecin in treating bacterial folliculitis, abscesses, or infected wounds in dogs.
Boucher, JF; Cherni, J; Chesebrough, R; Cleaver, D; Lindeman, CJ; Papp, G; Six, R; Skogerboe, TL; Stegemann, MR; Weigel, DJ, 2008)		1.07
" There were no serious adverse events or deaths related to treatment."( Effectiveness and safety of cefovecin sodium, an extended-spectrum injectable cephalosporin, in the treatment of cats with abscesses and infected wounds.
Boucher, JF; Cherni, J; Chesebrough, R; Cleaver, DM; Lindeman, CJ; Papp, G; Six, R; Skogerboe, TL; Stegemann, MR; Weigel, DJ, 2009)		0.65
"1 SC injection of 8 mg of cefovecin/kg for the treatment of cats with naturally occurring skin infections (wounds and abscesses) was safe and as effective as cefadroxil administered orally at 22 mg/kg, once daily for 14 days."( Effectiveness and safety of cefovecin sodium, an extended-spectrum injectable cephalosporin, in the treatment of cats with abscesses and infected wounds.
Boucher, JF; Cherni, J; Chesebrough, R; Cleaver, DM; Lindeman, CJ; Papp, G; Six, R; Skogerboe, TL; Stegemann, MR; Weigel, DJ, 2009)		0.95

Pharmacokinetics

The third generation cephalosporin cefovecin has an exceptionally long elimination half-life in dogs and cats, making it suitable for antibacterial treatment with a 14-day dosing interval in these species. The pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), olive baboons (Papio anubis), and rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"A series of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of cefovecin, a new injectable cephalosporin, in dogs."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefovecin in dogs.
Blanchflower, S; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006)		0.8
" Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in a cross-over study after intravenous (i."( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin in cats.
Blanchflower, S; Brown, SA; Coati, N; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006)		0.66
"The third generation cephalosporin cefovecin has been shown to have an exceptionally long elimination half-life in dogs and cats, making it suitable for antibacterial treatment with a 14-day dosing interval in these species."( Selected pharmacokinetic parameters for Cefovecin in hens and green iguanas.
Bertelsen, MF; Brimer, L; Skaanild, MT; Thuesen, LR, 2009)		0.9
" The objective of our study was to assess whether its pharmacokinetic profile in squirrel monkey, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques was similar to that of dogs."( Pharmacokinetics of Cefovecin in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
Kelly, N; Papp, R; Popovic, A; Tschirret-Guth, R, 2010)		0.68
" The pharmacokinetic properties of cefovecin were evaluated in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), olive baboons (Papio anubis), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by using a single-dose (8 mg/kg SC) dosing regimen."( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), olive baboons (Papio anubis), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
Boucher, JF; Brown, SA; Civil, JR; Fortman, JD; Gillhouse, KA; Grover, GS; Halliday, LC; Hoggatt, AF; Lovaglio, J; Raabe, BM; Stubbs, MN; Yuan, Y, 2011)		0.97
" Plasma cefovecin concentrations were measured via ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with a noncompartmental model."( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin sodium after subcutaneous administration to Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni).
Barbarossa, A; Bielli, M; Cagnardi, P; Dall'Occo, A; Di Girolamo, N; Magnone, W; Nardini, G; Roncada, P; Zaghini, A, 2014)		1.16
" Results of pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the 2-week dosing interval suggested for dogs and cats cannot be considered effective in tortoises; however, further research is needed to determine therapeutic concentrations of the drug and appropriate dose ranges."( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin sodium after subcutaneous administration to Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni).
Barbarossa, A; Bielli, M; Cagnardi, P; Dall'Occo, A; Di Girolamo, N; Magnone, W; Nardini, G; Roncada, P; Zaghini, A, 2014)		0.73
" Cefovecin is a long-acting cephalosporin that is formulated for subcutaneous administration, and its long-elimination half-life allows for 14-day dosing intervals in dogs and cats."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and subcutaneous cefovecin in alpacas.
Cox, S; Doherty, T; Hamill, M; Hayes, J; Pistole, N; Seddighi, R; Sommardahl, C; Videla, R, 2015)		1.58
"To assess the pharmacokinetic properties of cefovecin in a cold-water teleost species."( Pharmacokinetics of long-acting cefovecin in copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus).
Bishop, MA; KuKanich, B; Seeley, KE; Turnquist, M; Wolf, KN, 2016)		0.98
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by means of naïve pooled analysis and compartmental modeling."( Pharmacokinetics of long-acting cefovecin in copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus).
Bishop, MA; KuKanich, B; Seeley, KE; Turnquist, M; Wolf, KN, 2016)		0.72
" Pharmacokinetic analysis resulted in a maximum plasma concentration of 104."( Pharmacokinetics of long-acting cefovecin in copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus).
Bishop, MA; KuKanich, B; Seeley, KE; Turnquist, M; Wolf, KN, 2016)		0.72
" Therefore, we performed this pharmacokinetic study to determine whether cefovecin would be of benefit in mice."( Pharmacokinetics of Single-bolus Subcutaneous Cefovecin in C57BL/6 Mice.
Bas, E; Cox, SK; Rothen, DE; Sanders, KL, 2017)		0.95
"A single 8 mg/kg dose of Cefovecin (Convenia®) was administered intramuscularly in the hindlimb of eight anesthetized captive tigers ( Panthera tigris) and serial blood samples were collected over the next 56 days to determine pharmacokinetic characteristics."( PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS OF CEFOVECIN SODIUM (CONVENIA) IN CAPTIVE TIGERS ( PANTHERA TIGRIS).
Cox, S; Cushing, AC; Ramsay, EC; Steeil, J, 2017)		1.05
" Mean elimination half-life was approximately 111 and 115 hours after doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg, respectively."( Pharmacokinetics after subcutaneous administration of a single dose of cefovecin sodium in African lions (Panthera leo).
Alshahrani, SM; Christensen, JM; Flaminio, KP; Mohammed, SM, 2019)		0.75

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To investigate whether selected drug combinations used to treat rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have drug-drug interactions that affect efficacy and to investigate each isolate's susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine, individually."( In vitro interaction of some drug combinations to inhibit rapidly growing mycobacteria isolates from cats and dogs and these isolates' susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine.
Bennie, CJ; Govendir, M; Martin, PA; To, JL, )		0.52

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Absolute bioavailability was determined in a two-phase cross-over study in dogs receiving 8 mg/kg bodyweight (b."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefovecin in dogs.
Blanchflower, S; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006)		0.6
" Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in a cross-over study after intravenous (i."( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin in cats.
Blanchflower, S; Brown, SA; Coati, N; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006)		0.66
" In cynomolgus macaques, cefovecin showed a similar subcutaneous bioavailability (82% compared with 100%) and volume of distribution (0."( Pharmacokinetics of Cefovecin in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
Kelly, N; Papp, R; Popovic, A; Tschirret-Guth, R, 2010)		0.99
" The bioavailability was 143%, while half-life, C(max), and T(max) were 16."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and subcutaneous cefovecin in alpacas.
Cox, S; Doherty, T; Hamill, M; Hayes, J; Pistole, N; Seddighi, R; Sommardahl, C; Videla, R, 2015)		0.67

Dosage Studied

Cefovecin is a long-acting cephalosporin that is formulated for subcutaneous administration. Its long-elimination half-life allows for 14-day dosing intervals in dogs and cats.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The slow elimination and long lasting ex vivo antibacterial killing activity following administration of cefovecin are desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic attributes for an antimicrobial drug with 14-day dosing intervals."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefovecin in dogs.
Blanchflower, S; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006)		0.81
" The slow elimination and long-lasting free concentrations in extracellular fluid are desirable pharmacokinetic attributes for an antimicrobial with a 14-day dosing interval."( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin in cats.
Blanchflower, S; Brown, SA; Coati, N; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006)		0.66
"The third generation cephalosporin cefovecin has been shown to have an exceptionally long elimination half-life in dogs and cats, making it suitable for antibacterial treatment with a 14-day dosing interval in these species."( Selected pharmacokinetic parameters for Cefovecin in hens and green iguanas.
Bertelsen, MF; Brimer, L; Skaanild, MT; Thuesen, LR, 2009)		0.9
" After subcutaneous dosing at 8 mg/kg, the plasma terminal half-life of cefovecin was substantially shorter in the nonhuman primates (2."( Pharmacokinetics of Cefovecin in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
Kelly, N; Papp, R; Popovic, A; Tschirret-Guth, R, 2010)		0.92
"Cefovecin is a third-generation cephalosporin approved for antibacterial treatment with a 14-day dosing interval in dogs and cats."( Single subcutaneous dosing of cefovecin in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a pharmacokinetic study.
Bakker, J; Bertelsen, MF; Braskamp, G; Langermans, JA; Ouwerling, B; Skaanild, MT; Thuesen, LR, 2011)		2.1
" The pharmacokinetic properties of cefovecin were evaluated in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), olive baboons (Papio anubis), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by using a single-dose (8 mg/kg SC) dosing regimen."( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), olive baboons (Papio anubis), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
Boucher, JF; Brown, SA; Civil, JR; Fortman, JD; Gillhouse, KA; Grover, GS; Halliday, LC; Hoggatt, AF; Lovaglio, J; Raabe, BM; Stubbs, MN; Yuan, Y, 2011)		0.97
" Cefovecin is a recently introduced veterinary cephalosporin that has demonstrated prolonged concentrations in extracellular fluid, allowing for dosing intervals of up to 14 days."( In vitro efficacy of cefovecin against anaerobic bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque of dogs and cats with periodontal disease.
Bird, PS; Khazandi, M; Meyer, JN; Owens, J; Trott, DJ; Wilson, G, 2014)		1.63
" Results of pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the 2-week dosing interval suggested for dogs and cats cannot be considered effective in tortoises; however, further research is needed to determine therapeutic concentrations of the drug and appropriate dose ranges."( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin sodium after subcutaneous administration to Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni).
Barbarossa, A; Bielli, M; Cagnardi, P; Dall'Occo, A; Di Girolamo, N; Magnone, W; Nardini, G; Roncada, P; Zaghini, A, 2014)		0.73
" Cefovecin is a long-acting cephalosporin that is formulated for subcutaneous administration, and its long-elimination half-life allows for 14-day dosing intervals in dogs and cats."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and subcutaneous cefovecin in alpacas.
Cox, S; Doherty, T; Hamill, M; Hayes, J; Pistole, N; Seddighi, R; Sommardahl, C; Videla, R, 2015)		1.58
" The results showed that the dosage of 40 mg/kg achieved a maximal plasma concentration of 411."( Pharmacokinetics of Single-bolus Subcutaneous Cefovecin in C57BL/6 Mice.
Bas, E; Cox, SK; Rothen, DE; Sanders, KL, 2017)		0.71
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (37)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's9 (24.32)29.6817
2010's23 (62.16)24.3611
2020's5 (13.51)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 73.76

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index73.76 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.01 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.84 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index124.15 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (73.76)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials15 (38.46%)5.53%
Reviews1 (2.56%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (2.56%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other22 (56.41%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.1710
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		2.171011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.07101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		7.1310beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		10.0533penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.4311cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		9.943615cephalosporinfungal metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		4.3822oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pradofloxacin
pradofloxacin: veterinary fluoroquinolone; structure in first source		7.1310
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.		3.4611
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.07101,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		07.1794
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		07.29104
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		02.1710
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		02.1710
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.110
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		02.110
Parodontosis
[description not available]		02.110
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		02.110
B. burgdorferi Infection
[description not available]		03.511
Lyme Disease
An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.		03.511
Arthritides, Bacterial
[description not available]		02.1510
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.1510
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		02.1510
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		05.2743
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		02.1510
Sycosis
[description not available]		03.4311
Infection, Wound
[description not available]		05.5244
Folliculitis
Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.		08.4311
Bacterial Skin Diseases
[description not available]		02.0510
Skin Diseases, Bacterial
Skin diseases caused by bacteria.		02.0510
Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.0610
Monkey Diseases
Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).		02.0610
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		02.0610
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		03.4611
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		03.4611
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.0710
Pyometra
An accumulation of PUS in the uterine cavity (UTERUS). Pyometra generally indicates the presence of infections.		02.0710
Ache
[description not available]		02.0710
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.0710
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.0710
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		07.0710
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.0710
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin
[description not available]		02.0810
Pyoderma
Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).		03.8521
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.0810
E coli Infections
[description not available]		04.3922
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		04.3922
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		04.3922