Compounds > pradofloxacin
Page last updated: 2024-12-11

pradofloxacin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

pradofloxacin: veterinary fluoroquinolone; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID9802884
CHEMBL ID1256815
SCHEMBL ID150884
MeSH IDM0494206

Synonyms (31)

Synonym
veraflox
CHEMBL1256815
pradofloxacin
8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-((4as,7as)-octahydro-6h-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyridin-6-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
195532-12-8
pradofloxacin [inn]
unii-6o0t5e048i
6o0t5e048i ,
pradofloxacin [ema epar veterinary]
3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-[(4as,7as)-octahydro-6h-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-4-oxo-
pradofloxacin [mi]
8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-[(4as,7as)-octahydro-6h-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
pradofloxacin [green book]
SCHEMBL150884
8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-7-((1s,6s)-2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-nonan-8-yl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
LZLXHGFNOWILIY-APPDUMDISA-N
8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-7-((1s,6s)-2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-yl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3quinolinecarboxylic acid
8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-7-((1s,6s)-2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-yl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
DTXSID60173229 ,
DB11453
Q15679498
A937065
8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-((4as,7as)-hexahydro-1h-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6(2h)-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
EX-A5917
pudofloxacin
dtxcid8095720
pradofloxacin (ema epar veterinary)
pradofloxacine
8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-((4as,7as)-octahydro-6h-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyridin-6-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
pradofloxacino
pradofloxacinum

Research Excerpts

Overview

Pradofloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone, licensed in the EU for use in a range of indications in the dog and cat. The dose format (25 mg/mL solution) available in the USA may limit its practical use in large dogs. Pradoflo is an important antibiotic with poor physical stability.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Pradofloxacin is an important antibiotic with poor physical stability. "( Polymorphism of Pradofloxacin: Crystal Structure Analysis, Stability Study, and Phase Transformation Behavior.
Chen, K; Feng, Y; Hao, H; Huang, X; Li, W; Tian, B; Wang, N; Wang, T; Zhou, L, 2023)		2.7
"Pradofloxacin is a third generation veterinary FQ with a similar mechanism of action and spectrum of activity to moxifloxacin; however, the dose format (25 mg/mL solution) available in the USA may limit its practical use in large dogs."( A pilot study on the comparative minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention concentration values for moxifloxacin and pradofloxacin against canine and human isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi.
Blondeau, JM; Levinson, M; Plowgian, C; Rosenkrantz, W, 2019)		1.44
"Pradofloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone, licensed in the EU for use in a range of indications in the dog and cat and authorized more recently in the USA for one therapeutic indication (skin infections) in the cat. "( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and therapeutics of pradofloxacin in the dog and cat.
Lees, P, 2013)		2.08
"Pradofloxacin is a novel third-generation oral veterinary fluoroquinolone with activity against Gram-positive aerobic bacteria and anaerobes (lower minimum inhibitory concentrations in vitro). "( Pradofloxacin: a novel veterinary fluoroquinolone for treatment of bacterial infections in cats.
Blondeau, JM; Sykes, JE, 2014)		3.29
"Pradofloxacin is a new veterinary 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone developed for use against bacterial infections in dogs and cats involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. "( Bactericidal properties of pradofloxacin against veterinary pathogens.
Greife, HA; Pridmore, A; Silley, P; Stephan, B, 2012)		2.12
"Pradofloxacin (PRA) is an 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone (FQ) being developed to treat bacterial infections in dogs and cats. "( Comparative mutant prevention concentrations of pradofloxacin and other veterinary fluoroquinolones indicate differing potentials in preventing selection of resistance.
Wetzstein, HG, 2005)		2.03
"Pradofloxacin is a 3rd generation veterinary fluoroquinolone designed to restrict the emergence of antimicrobial resistance during therapy."( Clinical efficacy and palatability of pradofloxacin 2.5% oral suspension for the treatment of bacterial lower urinary tract infections in cats.
Edingloh, M; Honnery, M; Litster, A; Moss, S; Rees, B; Trott, D, )		1.85

Toxicity

Pradofloxacin at 6 and 10 times the recommended doses was shown to have no retinal toxic effects in cats. Neither on rod or cone function with ERG.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ganzfeld ERGs were recorded in 40 cats treated orally for 23 days in 4 groups: CTRL (n = 9): placebo-vehicle; PRADO30 (n = 10): pradofloxacin 30 mg/kg/day; PRADO50 (n = 14): pradofloxacin 50 mg/kg/day; and ENRO30 (n = 7): enrofloxacin at toxic doses of 30 mg/kg/day."( Retinal safety of a new fluoroquinolone, pradofloxacin, in cats: assessment with electroretinography.
Dietz, K; Gekeler, F; Kohler, K; Messias, A; Wegener, A; Zrenner, E, 2008)		0.82
"Pradofloxacin at 6 and 10 times the recommended doses was shown to have no retinal toxic effects in cats, neither on rod or cone function with ERG."( Retinal safety of a new fluoroquinolone, pradofloxacin, in cats: assessment with electroretinography.
Dietz, K; Gekeler, F; Kohler, K; Messias, A; Wegener, A; Zrenner, E, 2008)		2.05

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic properties of pradofloxacin and doxycycline were investigated in serum, saliva, and tear fluid of cats. Despite some technical shortcomings the ultrafiltration approach appears to be the most sensitive sampling technique.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The pharmacokinetic properties of pradofloxacin and doxycycline were investigated in serum, saliva, and tear fluid of cats."( Pharmacokinetics of pradofloxacin and doxycycline in serum, saliva, and tear fluid of cats after oral administration.
Daube, G; Hartmann, A; Hartmann, K; Krebber, R, 2008)		0.95
"Despite some technical shortcomings the ultrafiltration approach appears to be the most sensitive sampling technique to estimate pharmacokinetic values of pradofloxacin at the infection site."( Pharmacokinetic study on pradofloxacin in the dog - comparison of serum analysis, ultrafiltration and tissue sampling after oral administration.
Engelhardt, E; Gosheger, G; Hardes, J; Hauschild, G; Rohn, K; Sager, M, 2013)		0.89

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The time course of free drug concentrations in canine serum was modelled, resulting from once daily standard oral dosing of 3 mg of PRA/kg and 2 mg of MAR/kg."( Comparative activity of pradofloxacin and marbofloxacin against coagulase-positive staphylococci in a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model based on canine pharmacokinetics.
Bagel-Trah, S; Hafner, D; Körber-Irrgang, B; Kresken, M; Wetzstein, HG, 2012)		0.69
"After oral administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg) and pradofloxacin (3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively), serum collection and ultrafiltration in regular intervals over a period of 24 h were performed, followed by tissue sampling at the end of the third dosing protocol (pradofloxacin 6 mg/kg)."( Pharmacokinetic study on pradofloxacin in the dog - comparison of serum analysis, ultrafiltration and tissue sampling after oral administration.
Engelhardt, E; Gosheger, G; Hardes, J; Hauschild, G; Rohn, K; Sager, M, 2013)		0.94
" Dosing to reduce selection for antibiotic resistance in veterinary therapy has a role in reducing the reservoir of resistant mutants."( Mutant prevention concentrations of pradofloxacin for susceptible and mutant strains of Escherichia coli with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility.
Cars, O; Hughes, D; Komp Lindgren, P; Marcusson, LL; Olofsson, SK, 2014)		0.68
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (19)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID521823Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella sp. isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521814Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella disiens isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521809Antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas macacae isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521811Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella buccae isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521806Antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas circumdentaria isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521822Antimicrobial activity against Bacteroides zoogleoformans isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521808Antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas levii isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521815Antimicrobial activity against Bacteroides heparinolyticus isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521817Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella loescheii isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521820Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella oris isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521810Antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas salivosa isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521818Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella nigrescens isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521819Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella oralis isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521812Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella corporis isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521821Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella oulorum isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521805Antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas asaccharolyticus isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521807Antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521816Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella intermedia isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
AID521813Antimicrobial activity against Prevotella denticola isolated from canine periodontal pockets after 48 hrs by agar dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Activity of pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in periodontal disease in dogs: susceptibility test data from a European multicenter study.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (31)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's10 (32.26)29.6817
2010's18 (58.06)24.3611
2020's3 (9.68)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 47.43

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index47.43 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.66 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.64 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index80.69 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.28 (0.95)

This Compound (47.43)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials4 (11.76%)5.53%
Reviews2 (5.88%)6.00%
Case Studies4 (11.76%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other24 (70.59%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.610sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		7.4820aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
fenbendazole
Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.		2.3110aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		2.0410C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		2.311011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.0310pyrrolidin-2-ones
butyl methacrylate
[no description available]		2.0310enoate ester
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		7.1310beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		3.4211penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		2.0410quinolines
marbofloxacin
[no description available]		7.5220quinolines
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		2.1310cephalosporinfungal metabolite
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		4.5651cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		7.2110aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		2.0310
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		2.3110
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		2.4620macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		3.4211oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefovecin
cefovecin: structure in first source		7.1310
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.2110
moxidectin
moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity		2.2110
imidacloprid
imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.		2.2110imidacloprid;
imidazolidines;
monochloropyridine		environmental contaminant;
genotoxin;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Bacteroidaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.		02.4420
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		05.9791
Parodontosis
[description not available]		02.0410
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		02.0410
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.3110
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		05.25110
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.3110
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		02.5120
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		02.5120
Pyoderma
Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).		09.4222
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated
[description not available]		02.2110
Bacterial Skin Diseases
[description not available]		02.2110
Skin Diseases, Bacterial
Skin diseases caused by bacteria.		02.2110
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.2110
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.2110
Acariasis
[description not available]		02.2110
Monkey Diseases
Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).		02.2110
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.2110
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.2110
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		03.6730
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		08.6730
E coli Infections
[description not available]		02.520
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		02.520
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		02.110
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		02.1310
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.1310
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.0410
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		02.0410
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		02.0410
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		07.0410
Bartonella henselae Infection
[description not available]		02.0510
Angiomatosis, Bacillary
A reactive vascular proliferation that is characterized by the multiple tumor-like lesions in skin, bone, brain, and other organs. Bacillary angiomatosis is caused by infection with gram-negative Bartonella bacilli (such as BARTONELLA HENSELAE), and is often seen in AIDS patients and other IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS.		02.0510
Cat-Scratch Disease
A self-limiting bacterial infection of the regional lymph nodes caused by AFIPIA felis, a gram-negative bacterium recently identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by BARTONELLA HENSELAE. It usually arises one or more weeks following a feline scratch, with raised inflammatory nodules at the site of the scratch being the primary symptom.		02.0510
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		02.0510
Infections, Mycobacterium
[description not available]		02.0610
Cerebral Nocardiosis
[description not available]		02.0610
Mycobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.		02.0610