leflunomide and Glomerulonephritis, Lupus studies

Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.
leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Previous studies have compared mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis (LN)."	9.51	Leflunomide versus azathioprine for maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis: a prospective, multicentre, randomised trial and long-term follow-up. ( Bao, C; Dai, L; Dai, M; Fu, Q; He, L; Li, Z; Lu, L; Sun, L; Wang, S; Wu, C; Xu, J; Zhu, X, 2022)
"A prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 24-week course low-dose leflunomide combined with prednisone in the induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis in Chinese patients."	9.30	Leflunomide versus cyclophosphamide in the induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis in Chinese patients: a randomized trial. ( Chen, J; Chen, Q; Guan, T; Jiang, G; Li, D; Luo, P; Ni, Z; Qi, C; Sun, M; Sun, Z; Wan, J; Wang, L; Wang, S; Xing, C; Zha, Y; Zhang, M, 2019)
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide in the treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis, a prospective multi-centre observational study was conducted."	9.13	Induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis with leflunomide combined with prednisone: a prospective multi-centre observational study. ( Cai, GY; Chen, XM; Cui, TG; Hou, FF; Jiang, ZP; Li, YN; Lu, FM; Mei, CL; Ni, ZH; Qian, JQ; Wang, GB; Wang, HY; Wang, YH; Xu, FF; Yu, XQ; Zhang, FS; Zhao, MH; Zhao, XZ; Zhu, TY; Zou, WZ, 2008)
"To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of leflunomide as a new immunosuppressive medicine in lupus nephritis (LN) through a meta-analysis."	8.91	The Efficacy and Safety of Leflunomide for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis in Chinese Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Cao, H; Chen, Z; Lin, J; Liu, L; Rao, Y; Yang, H; Zhang, X, 2015)
" In this model, we evaluated the role of leflunomide on the development of lupus nephritis in system autoimmunity."	7.78	Therapeutic effect of leflunomide on the development of experimental lupus nephritis in mice. ( He, C; Liu, S; Lu, X; Luo, P; Wu, M; Yan, Z; Yu, Y, 2012)
"To evaluate the clinical and pathological efficacy, and safety of leflunomide as a new immunosuppressive medicine in lupus nephritis (LN)."	7.75	The efficacy and safety of leflunomide therapy in lupus nephritis by repeat kidney biopsy. ( Jin, XM; Li, YN; Nie, YK; Sun, Y; Yu, HM; Zhang, FS, 2009)
"Leflunomide (LEF) is a selective inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, currently used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."	6.71	[Treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis with leflunomide and steroid: a prospective multi-center controlled clinical trial]. ( Bao, CD; Cai, GY; Chen, XM; Cui, TG; Hou, FF; Li, YN; Lu, FM; Mei, CL; Ni, ZH; Qian, JQ; Wang, GB; Wang, HY; Zhang, FS; Zhao, MH; Zhao, XZ; Zhu, TY; Zou, WZ, 2005)
"The condition of refractory lupus nephritis (LN) negatively affects the prognosis and life expectancy of the patients, posing a challenge to manage in clinical."	5.91	Treatment of refractory lupus nephritis using leflunomide: A prospective study. ( Chen, X; Chen, Y; Li, M; Wang, L; Zeng, X; Zhang, F; Zhang, S; Zhao, Y, 2023)
"Previous studies have compared mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis (LN)."	5.51	Leflunomide versus azathioprine for maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis: a prospective, multicentre, randomised trial and long-term follow-up. ( Bao, C; Dai, L; Dai, M; Fu, Q; He, L; Li, Z; Lu, L; Sun, L; Wang, S; Wu, C; Xu, J; Zhu, X, 2022)
"A prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 24-week course low-dose leflunomide combined with prednisone in the induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis in Chinese patients."	5.30	Leflunomide versus cyclophosphamide in the induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis in Chinese patients: a randomized trial. ( Chen, J; Chen, Q; Guan, T; Jiang, G; Li, D; Luo, P; Ni, Z; Qi, C; Sun, M; Sun, Z; Wan, J; Wang, L; Wang, S; Xing, C; Zha, Y; Zhang, M, 2019)
" A total of 191 lupus nephritis patients were randomized to follow a combined immunosuppressive treatment (CIST) with intravenous cyclophosphamide, an oral immunosuppressive agent, namely mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine or leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine (n = 95), or receive intravenous cyclophosphamide alone (n = 96) for 24 weeks."	5.30	Combined immunosuppressive treatment (CIST) in lupus nephritis: a multicenter, randomized controlled study. ( An, Y; Bi, L; Deng, X; Guo, J; Li, Y; Li, Z; Lin, J; Liu, B; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Lu, X; Mei, Y; Shen, H; Sun, L; Wang, G; Wang, H; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Xiao, W; Xie, R; Xu, D; Xu, H; Yang, X; Yao, Z; Yu, F; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhao, M; Zhao, Y; Zhou, Y; Zhu, P; Zuo, X, 2019)
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide in the treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis, a prospective multi-centre observational study was conducted."	5.13	Induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis with leflunomide combined with prednisone: a prospective multi-centre observational study. ( Cai, GY; Chen, XM; Cui, TG; Hou, FF; Jiang, ZP; Li, YN; Lu, FM; Mei, CL; Ni, ZH; Qian, JQ; Wang, GB; Wang, HY; Wang, YH; Xu, FF; Yu, XQ; Zhang, FS; Zhao, MH; Zhao, XZ; Zhu, TY; Zou, WZ, 2008)
"To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of leflunomide as a new immunosuppressive medicine in lupus nephritis (LN) through a meta-analysis."	4.91	The Efficacy and Safety of Leflunomide for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis in Chinese Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Cao, H; Chen, Z; Lin, J; Liu, L; Rao, Y; Yang, H; Zhang, X, 2015)
" In this model, we evaluated the role of leflunomide on the development of lupus nephritis in system autoimmunity."	3.78	Therapeutic effect of leflunomide on the development of experimental lupus nephritis in mice. ( He, C; Liu, S; Lu, X; Luo, P; Wu, M; Yan, Z; Yu, Y, 2012)
"To evaluate the clinical and pathological efficacy, and safety of leflunomide as a new immunosuppressive medicine in lupus nephritis (LN)."	3.75	The efficacy and safety of leflunomide therapy in lupus nephritis by repeat kidney biopsy. ( Jin, XM; Li, YN; Nie, YK; Sun, Y; Yu, HM; Zhang, FS, 2009)
"Leflunomide (LEF) is a selective inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, currently used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."	2.71	[Treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis with leflunomide and steroid: a prospective multi-center controlled clinical trial]. ( Bao, CD; Cai, GY; Chen, XM; Cui, TG; Hou, FF; Li, YN; Lu, FM; Mei, CL; Ni, ZH; Qian, JQ; Wang, GB; Wang, HY; Zhang, FS; Zhao, MH; Zhao, XZ; Zhu, TY; Zou, WZ, 2005)
"The paradigm of immunosuppressive treatment for lupus nephritis has evolved over the past few decades from corticosteroids alone to corticosteroids combined with cyclophosphamide."	2.52	Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: the new horizon. ( Chan, TM, 2015)
"The condition of refractory lupus nephritis (LN) negatively affects the prognosis and life expectancy of the patients, posing a challenge to manage in clinical."	1.91	Treatment of refractory lupus nephritis using leflunomide: A prospective study. ( Chen, X; Chen, Y; Li, M; Wang, L; Zeng, X; Zhang, F; Zhang, S; Zhao, Y, 2023)
"Episcleritis and scleritis are relatively rare ocular diseases, which are commonly associated with rheumatic diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	1.43	[Clinical characteristics of 4 cases of scleritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus]. ( Jia, Y; Miao, H; Wang, L; Yang, Y; Zhang, XY; Zhou, YS, 2016)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	4 (28.57)	29.6817
2010's	8 (57.14)	24.3611
2020's	2 (14.29)	2.80

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized Multicenter Trial Comparing Leflunomide and Azathioprine as Remission-Maintaining Treatment for Proliferative Lupus Glomerulonephritis.[NCT01172002]				200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: the new horizon. Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2015, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Antimalarials; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosupp	2015
Lessons Learned From the Clinical Trials of Novel Biologics and Small Molecules in Lupus Nephritis. Seminars in nephrology, 2015, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: Abatacept; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Biological Products; Boron Com	2015
The Efficacy and Safety of Leflunomide for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis in Chinese Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PloS one, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Asian People; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Lupus Nephritis; Mal	2015

Article	Year
Leflunomide versus azathioprine for maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis: a prospective, multicentre, randomised trial and long-term follow-up. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2022, Volume: 81, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Hum	2022
Leflunomide versus cyclophosphamide in the induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis in Chinese patients: a randomized trial. Clinical rheumatology, 2019, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Antinuclear; China; Complement C3; Cyclophosphamide; DNA; Drug Therapy, Combinati	2019
Combined immunosuppressive treatment (CIST) in lupus nephritis: a multicenter, randomized controlled study. Clinical rheumatology, 2019, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; I	2019
Induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis with leflunomide combined with prednisone: a prospective multi-centre observational study. Lupus, 2008, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isox	2008
[Treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis with leflunomide and steroid: a prospective multi-center controlled clinical trial]. Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 2005, Volume: 44, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Imm	2005
Safety and efficacy of leflunomide in the treatment of lupus nephritis refractory or intolerant to traditional immunosuppressive therapy: an open label trial. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2006, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Lupus Nephritis; Male; Mid	2006

Article	Year
Treatment of refractory lupus nephritis using leflunomide: A prospective study. Frontiers in immunology, 2023, Volume: 14 Topics: Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Leflunomide; Lupus Nephritis; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome	2023
Glucocorticoid with or without additional immunosuppressant therapy for patients with lupus podocytopathy: a retrospective single-center study. Lupus, 2015, Volume: 24, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Stud	2015
[Clinical characteristics of 4 cases of scleritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus]. Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences, 2016, 12-18, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Antinucle	2016
The efficacy and safety of leflunomide therapy in lupus nephritis by repeat kidney biopsy. Rheumatology international, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoxazoles; Kidney; Leflunomide	2009
Therapeutic effect of leflunomide on the development of experimental lupus nephritis in mice. Rheumatology international, 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Ascites; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Graf	2012

leflunomide and Glomerulonephritis, Lupus

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (14)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Fu, Q	1
Wu, C	1
Dai, M	1
Wang, S	2
Xu, J	1
Dai, L	1
Li, Z	2
He, L	1
Zhu, X	1
Sun, L	2
Lu, L	1
Bao, C	1
Zhang, S	1
Chen, Y	1
Chen, X	1
Zhao, Y	2
Zeng, X	1
Zhang, F	1
Wang, L	3
Li, M	1
Zhang, M	1
Qi, C	1
Zha, Y	1
Chen, J	2
Luo, P	2
Sun, Z	1
Wan, J	1
Xing, C	1
Jiang, G	1
Sun, M	1
Chen, Q	1
Li, D	1
Guan, T	1
Ni, Z	1
An, Y	2
Zhou, Y	1
Bi, L	1
Liu, B	1
Wang, H	1
Lin, J	2
Xu, D	1
Wang, M	1
Zhang, J	1
Wang, Y	2
Zhu, P	1
Xie, R	1
Zhang, Z	2
Mei, Y	1
Liu, X	1
Deng, X	1
Yao, Z	1
Xiao, W	1
Shen, H	1
Yang, X	1
Xu, H	1
Yu, F	1
Wang, G	1
Lu, X	2
Li, Y	3
Zuo, X	1
Liu, Y	1
Guo, J	1
Zhao, M	1
Chan, TM	1
Hu, WX	1
Chen, YH	1
Bao, H	1
Liu, ZZ	1
Wang, SF	1
Zhang, HT	1
Liu, ZH	1
Furie, R	1
Toder, K	1
Zapantis, E	1
Cao, H	1
Rao, Y	1
Liu, L	1
Yang, H	1
Zhang, X	1
Chen, Z	1
Yang, Y	1
Jia, Y	1
Miao, H	1
Zhou, YS	1
Zhang, XY	1
Wang, HY	2
Cui, TG	2
Hou, FF	2
Ni, ZH	2
Chen, XM	2
Lu, FM	2
Xu, FF	1
Yu, XQ	1
Zhang, FS	3
Zhao, XZ	2
Zhao, MH	2
Wang, GB	2
Qian, JQ	2
Cai, GY	2
Zhu, TY	2
Wang, YH	1
Jiang, ZP	1
Li, YN	3
Mei, CL	2
Zou, WZ	2
Nie, YK	1
Jin, XM	1
Yu, HM	1
Sun, Y	1
He, C	1
Yan, Z	1
Wu, M	1
Liu, S	1
Yu, Y	1
Bao, CD	1
Tam, LS	1
Li, EK	1
Wong, CK	1
Lam, CW	1
Li, WC	1
Szeto, CC	1