Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer

A Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q16611]

Synonyms

Apoptosis regulator BAK;
Bcl-2-like protein 7;
Bcl2-L-7

Research

Bioassay Publications (7)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	6 (85.71)	24.3611
2020's	1 (14.29)	2.80

Compounds (6)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
alexidine dihydrchloride	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	18.3000	1	1
6-n-tridecylsalicylic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2000	1	1
5,6-dehydrokawain	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	23.0000	1	1
abt-737	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	16.6890	3	3
abt-737	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0010	1	1
meiogynin a	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	17.2000	2	3
jy-1-106	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	10.2100	1	1
jy-1-106	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.7900	1	1

Drugs with Activation Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
abt-737	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.0200	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 12 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
molecular_function	molecular function	A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. [GOC:pdt]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
porin activity	molecular function	Enables the transfer of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria. [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729, PMID:10839820, TC:1.B.1.-.-]
heat shock protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a heat shock protein, a protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]
identical protein binding	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl]
protein homodimerization activity	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer. [GOC:jl]
transmembrane transporter binding	molecular function	Binding to a transmembrane transporter, a protein or protein complex that enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl, PMID:33199372]
protein-containing complex binding	molecular function	Binding to a macromolecular complex. [GOC:jl]
metal ion binding	molecular function	Binding to a metal ion. [GOC:ai]
protein heterodimerization activity	molecular function	Binding to a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. [GOC:ai]
protein-folding chaperone binding	molecular function	Binding to a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport. [PMID:10585443]
BH domain binding	molecular function	Binding to a Bcl-2 homology (BH) protein domain. Bcl-2-related proteins share homology in one to four conserved regions designated the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains contribute at multiple levels to the function of these proteins in cell death and survival. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have four BH domains (BH1-BH4). Pro-apoptotic members have fewer BH domains. [PMID:11048732, PMID:12133724, PMID:9020082, PMID:9704409]

Located In

This protein is located in 4 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
mitochondrion	cellular component	A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732]
mitochondrial outer membrane	cellular component	The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. [GOC:ai]
endoplasmic reticulum	cellular component	The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). [ISBN:0198506732]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]

Active In

This protein is active in 1 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
mitochondrial outer membrane	cellular component	The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. [GOC:ai]

Part Of

This protein is part of 3 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
Bcl-2 family protein complex	cellular component	A protein complex that consists of members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. Bcl-2 proteins respond to cues from various forms of intracellular stress, such as DNA damage or cytokine deprivation, and interact with opposing family members to determine whether or not the caspase proteolytic cascade should be unleashed. [GOC:so, PMID:14634621]
BAK complex	cellular component	An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAK, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. [GOC:so, PMID:14634621]
pore complex	cellular component	A protein complex providing a discrete opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids. [ISBN:0198506732]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 56 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
B cell homeostasis	biological process	The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12956429]
B cell apoptotic process	biological process	Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. [CL:0000236, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0781735149]
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	biological process	The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation. [GOC:add, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0721639976, PMID:12925707, PMID:9560217]
blood vessel remodeling	biological process	The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. [GOC:hjd]
myeloid cell homeostasis	biological process	The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. [CL:0000763, GOC:add]
B cell negative selection	biological process	Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion. [GOC:jal]
apoptotic process	biological process	A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. [GOC:cjm, GOC:dhl, GOC:ecd, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:18846107, PMID:21494263]
mitochondrial fusion	biological process	Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment. [PMID:11038192, PMID:12052774]
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
response to xenobiotic stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc]
response to fungus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus. [GOC:hb]
response to mycotoxin	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi. [GOC:sm]
response to UV-C	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm. [GOC:tb]
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient	biological process	The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah, GOC:sm]
response to gamma radiation	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. [GOC:tair_curators]
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol	biological process	Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
response to organic cyclic compound	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. [GOC:ef]
endocrine pancreas development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. [GOC:cvs]
animal organ regeneration	biological process	The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. [GOC:mah]
endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis	biological process	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. [GOC:mah]
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration	biological process	Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah]
negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to unfolded protein	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to UV	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. [GOC:mah]
limb morphogenesis	biological process	The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping. [UBERON:0002101]
response to hydrogen peroxide	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. [GOC:jl]
positive regulation of apoptotic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
fibroblast apoptotic process	biological process	Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. [CL:0000057, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:yaf]
response to ethanol	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of proteolysis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane. [GOC:bf]
post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis	biological process	The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]
epithelial cell proliferation	biological process	The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. [ISBN:0721662544]
establishment of localization in cell	biological process	Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
regulation of cell cycle	biological process	Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	biological process	Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. [GOC:ai]
vagina development	biological process	The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:ebc]
calcium ion transport into cytosol	biological process	The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	biological process	The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:18701708]
thymocyte apoptotic process	biological process	Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus. [CL:0000893, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0781765196]
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	biological process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb]
apoptotic signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP). [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:yaf, PMID:11919192, PMID:17340152, PMID:18852119]
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	biological process	Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:21726810]
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. [GOC:TermGenie]
negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:TermGenie]
positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:TermGenie]
apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis	biological process	Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:16163358]
positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22013210]
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	biological process	Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process. [GOC:al, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, PMID:14744432, PMID:18328827, Wikipedia:Caspase]
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	biological process	The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:15044679, PMID:20816705]
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage	biological process	The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]